WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.
Felter's Materia Medica on Camphora
ANISUM (Pimpinella anisum)PIAN3
The dried ripe fruit of Pimpinella Anisum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae). Egypt and Western Asia; cultivated in Southern Europe. Dose, 5 to 40 grains. Common Names: Anise, Aniseed. Principal Constituents.A volatile oil (Oleum Anisi) composed chiefly (95 per cent) of the stearopten anethol (C10 H12 0), which, upon oxidation, yields anisic acid (C8 H8 03) Preparations.1. Oleum Anisi, Oil of Anise. Derived from Anise (above) or from Star Anise (Illicium verum, Hooker, Nat. Ord. Magnoliaceae.). The botanical origin must be stated on the label. Oil of Anise is a highly refractive, colorless or lightyellow liquid, having the taste and odor of anise. It is freely dissolved by alcohol. Dose, 1 to 5 drops on sugar. 2. Infusum Anisi, Infusion of Anise (Anise, 2 or 3 drachms;] Boiling Water, 8 ounces). Dose, 1 to 2 fluidrachms. 3. Spiritus Anisi, Spirit of Anise. Ten per cent Oil of Anise in Alcohol. Dose, 1/2 to 1 fluidrachm in hot water. 4. Aqua Anisi, Anise Water. Dose, a fluidrachms to a fluidounce. 5. Specific Medicine Anise. Dose, one fluidrachm in water. Specific Indication.-Flatulence, with colicky pain. Action and Therapy.Anise is an agreeable stimulating carminative employed principally for the relief of nausea, flatulency, and the flatulent colic of infants. Anise imparts its odor to the milk of nursing mothers. It is an ingredient of Paregoric (Camphorated Tincture of Opium), and is largely used to impart to or correct flavor in medicinal preparations, especially cough mixtures. For infants the infusion is the best preparation and it should not be sweetened. The spirit (1/2 to 1 fluidrachm) given in hot water is more agreeable and effective for older children and adults. The oil (1 to 5 drops) on sugar may be used by the latter, if desired. 1
The dried ripe fruit of Pimpinella Anisum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae). Egypt and Western Asia; cultivated in Southern Europe. Dose, 5 to 40 grains. Common Names: Anise, Aniseed. Principal Constituents.A volatile oil (Oleum Anisi) composed chiefly (95 per cent) of the stearopten anethol (C10 H12 0), which, upon oxidation, yields anisic acid (C8 H8 03) Preparations.1. Oleum Anisi, Oil of Anise. Derived from Anise (above) or from Star Anise (Illicium verum, Hooker, Nat. Ord. Magnoliaceae.). The botanical origin must be stated on the label. Oil of Anise is a highly refractive, colorless or lightyellow liquid, having the taste and odor of anise. It is freely dissolved by alcohol. Dose, 1 to 5 drops on sugar. 2. Infusum Anisi, Infusion of Anise (Anise, 2 or 3 drachms;] Boiling Water, 8 ounces). Dose, 1 to 2 fluidrachms. 3. Spiritus Anisi, Spirit of Anise. Ten per cent Oil of Anise in Alcohol. Dose, 1/2 to 1 fluidrachm in hot water. 4. Aqua Anisi, Anise Water. Dose, a fluidrachms to a fluidounce. 5. Specific Medicine Anise. Dose, one fluidrachm in water. Specific Indication.-Flatulence, with colicky pain. Action and Therapy.Anise is an agreeable stimulating carminative employed principally for the relief of nausea, flatulency, and the flatulent colic of infants. Anise imparts its odor to the milk of nursing mothers. It is an ingredient of Paregoric (Camphorated Tincture of Opium), and is largely used to impart to or correct flavor in medicinal preparations, especially cough mixtures. For infants the infusion is the best preparation and it should not be sweetened. The spirit (1/2 to 1 fluidrachm) given in hot water is more agreeable and effective for older children and adults. The oil (1 to 5 drops) on sugar may be used by the latter, if desired. 1
CAMPHORA
A stearopten (having the nature of a ketone) derived from Cinnamomum Camphora. (Linné), Nees et Ebermeier (Nat. Ord. Lauraceae). China and Japan. Common Names: Camphor, Laurel Camphor, Gum Camphor (it is not a gum). Description.Tough, translucent white lumps or granules, having the pungent taste known as camphoraceous, and an aromatic penetrating odor. It dissolves freely in alcohol, chloroform, ether, and fixed and volatile oils; very slightly in water. Camphor is readily pulverized by triturating it with a few drops of alcohol, chloroform, or ether. Dose (by mouth), 1 to 5 grains; (hypodermatically) 1 to 3 grains. Preparations.1. Spiritus Camphorae (10 per cent), Spirit of Camphor. Dose, 1 to 30 drops. 2. Aqua Camphorae. Camphor Water. Dose, 1 to 4 fluidrachms. 3. Linimentum Camphorae. Camphor Liniment (Camphorated Oil) (Composed Of Camphor, 200 parts; Cottonseed Oil, 800 parts). Dose, 10 to 30 drops. For external use chiefly. 4. Ceratum Camphorae. Camphor Cerate. (Composed of Camphor Liniment, White Wax, White Petrolatum, and Benzoinated Lard.) For external use. Action.Camphor causes a local dilation of the capillaries of the skin, producing warmth, redness, and sometimes itching. Slight anesthesia follows. It causes smarting and hyperaemia of the mucosa, and if applied strong may cause considerable irritation. In this manner it has produced gastric ulceration. In small doses camphor warms the stomach, stimulates secretion, increases peristalsis, and expels flatus. Large doses may induce vomiting. Camphor is readily absorbed, both from application and inhalation. It is largely changed in the body and is eliminated in the urine as campho-glycuronic acid. In moderate doses camphor directly stimulates the heart-muscle, causing slower and stronger contractions and increased arterial pressure, but after large doses the pressure falls. Respiration is slightly stimulated by it, large doses causing slower and deeper breathing. In general it may be said that small doses of camphor stimulate, while large quantities depress, or even paralyze. This is true of all the functions it affects. The action of small doses upon the nervous system is to produce a feeling of slight exhilaration or contentment. Large doses excite the higher cerebral and medullary centers and then paralyze them; poisonous doses occasioning more or less of the following symptoms: esophageal and gastric pain, vomiting, headache, dizziness, mental confusion, drowsiness, delirium, and stupor; feeble, running, or intermittent pulse, cold skin, cold sweat, and muscular weakness followed by rigidity and epileptiform. convulsions, collapse and death. The type of convulsions shows its effects to be chiefly upon the cerebral cortex, though it acts also progressively on the medulla, causing death by respiratory paralysis. Camphor does not affect all persons alike. Some may pass directly into drowsiness, insensibility, and stupor, followed by death. If taken for long periods, even in moderate doses, camphor gives rise to a state of mental confusion. Opium and repeated small doses of alcohol are the best antagonists of the untoward effects of camphor. Therapy.External. Camphor is stimulant, rubefacient, antipruritic, and feebly antiseptic. Owing to its agreeable odor and pleasant stimulating effects it is largely used, as a powder, in lotions, and ointments, or rubbed up with other solids to produce anodyne and antiseptic liquids. In this manner, when triturated with chloral hydrate, menthol, phenol, thymol, and similar bodies, ideal liquid antiseptics are obtained for use upon wounds, neuralgic and other painful areas. Powdered camphor is an ingredient of tooth powders and pastes and dusting powders for skin diseases. Alone or with zinc oxide, talc, or precipitated chalk it may be used upon bed-sores with decided relief. Such combinations are valuable in intertrigo, chronic eczema, urticaria, and zoster. Many snuffs contain powdered camphor, and it is useful to stimulate sluggish ulcers. Sprinkled upon the face it is used to control itching and to prevent pitting in small-pox. The spirit is a household embrocation for the relief of pain and itching, and it is used largely, alone, or in liniments and embrocations, for the relief of pain, stiffness, soreness and swelling, as in myalgia, facial and other neuralgias, and upon rheumatic joints, deep inflammations, chronic indurated glands and other indurations, sprains, contusions, and inflammatory swellings. An ethereal tincture of camphor is said to give relief in erysipelas. Inhaling the spirit, or camphor dropped into hot water, gives relief in nervous headache, and often aborts acute colds, coryza, and influenza, giving respite from the excessive secretion and the accompanying headache. A solution of camphor in liquid petrolatum (usually with menthol) is a popular spray for similar uses, and for laryngitis, pharyngitis, chronic nasal catarrh and hypertrophic rhinitis. The spirit, the liniment, or camphorated oil are favorite applications for tenderness and pain, chilblains, toothache, and acute mastitis: in the latter it tends to suppress the milk. The spirit is in common use as a lotion for headache in nervous individuals with feeble circulation, and tendency to fainting. The oil, by injection, is sometimes effectual in removing seatworms. So-called camphor-ice is a soothing, camphorated petrolatum preparation for labial herpes. Internal. Camphor is used to allay nervous excitement, subdue pain, arrest spasm, and sometimes to induce sleep. It is an important remedy in many disorders of neurotic women and children, being frequently most effective as a nerve sedative, antispasmodic, and carminative in nervous nausea and vomiting, flatulence, hiccough, and tendency to spasms or fainting. It is especially serviceable in palpitation of the heart due to gaseous distention of the stomach, or to nervous irritability. In occipital headache, from mental strain, or overstudy, small doses of 1
A stearopten (having the nature of a ketone) derived from Cinnamomum Camphora. (Linné), Nees et Ebermeier (Nat. Ord. Lauraceae). China and Japan. Common Names: Camphor, Laurel Camphor, Gum Camphor (it is not a gum). Description.Tough, translucent white lumps or granules, having the pungent taste known as camphoraceous, and an aromatic penetrating odor. It dissolves freely in alcohol, chloroform, ether, and fixed and volatile oils; very slightly in water. Camphor is readily pulverized by triturating it with a few drops of alcohol, chloroform, or ether. Dose (by mouth), 1 to 5 grains; (hypodermatically) 1 to 3 grains. Preparations.1. Spiritus Camphorae (10 per cent), Spirit of Camphor. Dose, 1 to 30 drops. 2. Aqua Camphorae. Camphor Water. Dose, 1 to 4 fluidrachms. 3. Linimentum Camphorae. Camphor Liniment (Camphorated Oil) (Composed Of Camphor, 200 parts; Cottonseed Oil, 800 parts). Dose, 10 to 30 drops. For external use chiefly. 4. Ceratum Camphorae. Camphor Cerate. (Composed of Camphor Liniment, White Wax, White Petrolatum, and Benzoinated Lard.) For external use. Action.Camphor causes a local dilation of the capillaries of the skin, producing warmth, redness, and sometimes itching. Slight anesthesia follows. It causes smarting and hyperaemia of the mucosa, and if applied strong may cause considerable irritation. In this manner it has produced gastric ulceration. In small doses camphor warms the stomach, stimulates secretion, increases peristalsis, and expels flatus. Large doses may induce vomiting. Camphor is readily absorbed, both from application and inhalation. It is largely changed in the body and is eliminated in the urine as campho-glycuronic acid. In moderate doses camphor directly stimulates the heart-muscle, causing slower and stronger contractions and increased arterial pressure, but after large doses the pressure falls. Respiration is slightly stimulated by it, large doses causing slower and deeper breathing. In general it may be said that small doses of camphor stimulate, while large quantities depress, or even paralyze. This is true of all the functions it affects. The action of small doses upon the nervous system is to produce a feeling of slight exhilaration or contentment. Large doses excite the higher cerebral and medullary centers and then paralyze them; poisonous doses occasioning more or less of the following symptoms: esophageal and gastric pain, vomiting, headache, dizziness, mental confusion, drowsiness, delirium, and stupor; feeble, running, or intermittent pulse, cold skin, cold sweat, and muscular weakness followed by rigidity and epileptiform. convulsions, collapse and death. The type of convulsions shows its effects to be chiefly upon the cerebral cortex, though it acts also progressively on the medulla, causing death by respiratory paralysis. Camphor does not affect all persons alike. Some may pass directly into drowsiness, insensibility, and stupor, followed by death. If taken for long periods, even in moderate doses, camphor gives rise to a state of mental confusion. Opium and repeated small doses of alcohol are the best antagonists of the untoward effects of camphor. Therapy.External. Camphor is stimulant, rubefacient, antipruritic, and feebly antiseptic. Owing to its agreeable odor and pleasant stimulating effects it is largely used, as a powder, in lotions, and ointments, or rubbed up with other solids to produce anodyne and antiseptic liquids. In this manner, when triturated with chloral hydrate, menthol, phenol, thymol, and similar bodies, ideal liquid antiseptics are obtained for use upon wounds, neuralgic and other painful areas. Powdered camphor is an ingredient of tooth powders and pastes and dusting powders for skin diseases. Alone or with zinc oxide, talc, or precipitated chalk it may be used upon bed-sores with decided relief. Such combinations are valuable in intertrigo, chronic eczema, urticaria, and zoster. Many snuffs contain powdered camphor, and it is useful to stimulate sluggish ulcers. Sprinkled upon the face it is used to control itching and to prevent pitting in small-pox. The spirit is a household embrocation for the relief of pain and itching, and it is used largely, alone, or in liniments and embrocations, for the relief of pain, stiffness, soreness and swelling, as in myalgia, facial and other neuralgias, and upon rheumatic joints, deep inflammations, chronic indurated glands and other indurations, sprains, contusions, and inflammatory swellings. An ethereal tincture of camphor is said to give relief in erysipelas. Inhaling the spirit, or camphor dropped into hot water, gives relief in nervous headache, and often aborts acute colds, coryza, and influenza, giving respite from the excessive secretion and the accompanying headache. A solution of camphor in liquid petrolatum (usually with menthol) is a popular spray for similar uses, and for laryngitis, pharyngitis, chronic nasal catarrh and hypertrophic rhinitis. The spirit, the liniment, or camphorated oil are favorite applications for tenderness and pain, chilblains, toothache, and acute mastitis: in the latter it tends to suppress the milk. The spirit is in common use as a lotion for headache in nervous individuals with feeble circulation, and tendency to fainting. The oil, by injection, is sometimes effectual in removing seatworms. So-called camphor-ice is a soothing, camphorated petrolatum preparation for labial herpes. Internal. Camphor is used to allay nervous excitement, subdue pain, arrest spasm, and sometimes to induce sleep. It is an important remedy in many disorders of neurotic women and children, being frequently most effective as a nerve sedative, antispasmodic, and carminative in nervous nausea and vomiting, flatulence, hiccough, and tendency to spasms or fainting. It is especially serviceable in palpitation of the heart due to gaseous distention of the stomach, or to nervous irritability. In occipital headache, from mental strain, or overstudy, small doses of 1
CARDAMOMI SEMEN
The dried, recently decapsulated fruit of Elettaria Cardamomum, White et Maton. (Nat. Ord. Zingiberaceae.) Mountainous coasts of Malabar. Dose, 5 to 6O grains. Common Names: Cardomom Seeds, Cardamom, Cardamon. Principal Constituents.A fragrant camphoraceous bitter volatile oil, composed chiefly of terpenes (C10H16) Preparations1. Specific Medicine Cardamon. Dose, 10 to 60 drops. 2. Tinctura Cardamomi Composita. Compound Tincture of Cardamom (Cardamon, Cinnamon, Caraway, Cochineal, Glycerin, and Alcohol). Dose, 30 to 60 drops. Action and Therapy.Carminative. All preparations are useful in flatulent colic, and to flavor tinctures, syrups, and other medicines, particularly alkaline mixtures, the compound tincture imparting to these an agreeable taste and color.1
The dried, recently decapsulated fruit of Elettaria Cardamomum, White et Maton. (Nat. Ord. Zingiberaceae.) Mountainous coasts of Malabar. Dose, 5 to 6O grains. Common Names: Cardomom Seeds, Cardamom, Cardamon. Principal Constituents.A fragrant camphoraceous bitter volatile oil, composed chiefly of terpenes (C10H16) Preparations1. Specific Medicine Cardamon. Dose, 10 to 60 drops. 2. Tinctura Cardamomi Composita. Compound Tincture of Cardamom (Cardamon, Cinnamon, Caraway, Cochineal, Glycerin, and Alcohol). Dose, 30 to 60 drops. Action and Therapy.Carminative. All preparations are useful in flatulent colic, and to flavor tinctures, syrups, and other medicines, particularly alkaline mixtures, the compound tincture imparting to these an agreeable taste and color.1
GAMBIRUNGA
An extract prepared from the leaves and twigs of Ourouparia Gambir (Hunter), Baillon (Nat. Ord. Rubiaceae). Sumatra, Ceylon, and countries bordering the Straits of Malacca. Dose, 1 to 30 grains. Common Names: Gambir, Gambeer, Terra Japonica, Pale Catechu. Description.Irregular masses or cubes, reddish-brown, pale brownish-gray or light brown, friable, crystalline, and breaking with a dull earthy fracture, bitterish with sweetish after-taste, no odor and great astringency. Dose, 15 grains. Principal Constituents.Catechutannic acid (35 to 40 per cent) the active astringent; catechin (catechuic acid) probably inert; and pyrocatechin. Preparations.1. Trochisci Gambir, Troches of Gambir (Gambir about 1 grain, Sugar, Tragacanth, and Orange-flower Water). 2. Tinctura Gambir Composita, Compound Tincture of Gambir (Gambir and Cinnamon). Dose, 1 fluidrachm. Action and Therapy.External. Gambir is powerfully astringent. It restrains excessive discharges, overcomes relaxation and congestion, and checks local hemorrhages. Gambir is now used in place of catechu (extract of wood of Areca Catechu) as it carries practically the same bodies in more available form, though it contains less tannin than that extract. It may be used in relaxed sore throat, relaxed uvula, and the relaxation and congestion of the fauces common to speakers and singers. A gargle or the troches may be employed. It is rarely used, by injection, in leucorrhoea, and in powder or tincture to control epistaxis. It is a good astringent for congested and spongy gums. Internal. The powerfully astringent properties of gambir are utilized in the control of serous diarrheas. If there is much mucus present a purge of castor oil is advised, to be followed by the gambir alone, or with camphorated tincture of opium. It is seldom used in modern Eclectic practice.1
An extract prepared from the leaves and twigs of Ourouparia Gambir (Hunter), Baillon (Nat. Ord. Rubiaceae). Sumatra, Ceylon, and countries bordering the Straits of Malacca. Dose, 1 to 30 grains. Common Names: Gambir, Gambeer, Terra Japonica, Pale Catechu. Description.Irregular masses or cubes, reddish-brown, pale brownish-gray or light brown, friable, crystalline, and breaking with a dull earthy fracture, bitterish with sweetish after-taste, no odor and great astringency. Dose, 15 grains. Principal Constituents.Catechutannic acid (35 to 40 per cent) the active astringent; catechin (catechuic acid) probably inert; and pyrocatechin. Preparations.1. Trochisci Gambir, Troches of Gambir (Gambir about 1 grain, Sugar, Tragacanth, and Orange-flower Water). 2. Tinctura Gambir Composita, Compound Tincture of Gambir (Gambir and Cinnamon). Dose, 1 fluidrachm. Action and Therapy.External. Gambir is powerfully astringent. It restrains excessive discharges, overcomes relaxation and congestion, and checks local hemorrhages. Gambir is now used in place of catechu (extract of wood of Areca Catechu) as it carries practically the same bodies in more available form, though it contains less tannin than that extract. It may be used in relaxed sore throat, relaxed uvula, and the relaxation and congestion of the fauces common to speakers and singers. A gargle or the troches may be employed. It is rarely used, by injection, in leucorrhoea, and in powder or tincture to control epistaxis. It is a good astringent for congested and spongy gums. Internal. The powerfully astringent properties of gambir are utilized in the control of serous diarrheas. If there is much mucus present a purge of castor oil is advised, to be followed by the gambir alone, or with camphorated tincture of opium. It is seldom used in modern Eclectic practice.1
MATICO
The leaves of Piper angustifolium, Ruiz et Pavon (Nat. Ord. Piperaceae). A Peruvian shrub. Common Names: Matico, Matico Leaves. Principal Constituents.A bitter principle, maticin, and an aromatic camphoraceous volatile oil. Preparation.Tinctura Matico, Tincture of Matico (2 1/2 ounces to Diluted Alcohol, 16 fluidounces). Dose, 1 to 2 fluidrachms. Action and Therapy.An aromatic, bitter stimulant of reputed value in catarrhal states, particularly of the stomach and genito-urinal tract. It is seldom used.1
The leaves of Piper angustifolium, Ruiz et Pavon (Nat. Ord. Piperaceae). A Peruvian shrub. Common Names: Matico, Matico Leaves. Principal Constituents.A bitter principle, maticin, and an aromatic camphoraceous volatile oil. Preparation.Tinctura Matico, Tincture of Matico (2 1/2 ounces to Diluted Alcohol, 16 fluidounces). Dose, 1 to 2 fluidrachms. Action and Therapy.An aromatic, bitter stimulant of reputed value in catarrhal states, particularly of the stomach and genito-urinal tract. It is seldom used.1
MENTHA PIPERITA
The leaves and tops of Mentha piperita, Smith (Mentha X piperita L.) (Nat. Ord. Labiatae). Europe and the United States. Dose, 60 to 120 grains. Common Names: Peppermint. Principal Constituents.A volatile oil (Oleum Mentha, Piperitae) and menthol. (See Menthol.) Preparations.-1. Oleum Menthae Piperitae, Oil of Peppermint. (A clear, colorless oil having the strong odor and taste of peppermint and giving a sensation of cold when air is drawn into the mouth or water is drunk; soluble in alcohol.) Dose, 1 to 10 drops. 2. Aqua Menthae Piperitae, Peppermint Water. Dose, 1 fluidrachm to 1 fluidounce. 3. Spiritus Menthae Piperitae, Spirit of Peppermint (Essence of Peppermint-10 per cent oil). Dose, 5 to 60 drops. Derivative.-Menthol. (See Menthol.) Specific Indications.Gastrodynia, flatulent colic, difficult digestion. Action and Therapy.External. Oil of Peppermint is rubefacient and anodyne. It is used alone or in combination with other oils for the relief of neuralgia and toothache, in both of which it is often very efficient. Its external use has been somewhat superseded by menthol, the camphoraceous body to which oil of peppermint owes most of its virtues. Still it is used largely to relieve local pain, especially that of burns and scalds. Internal. Peppermint infusion is a very grateful agent to allay nausea and vomiting, and to break up a cold. It forms a part of the well-known Neutralizing Cordial. The essence is a common and unexcelled carminative for gastrodynia and the flatulent colic of children, and is used extensively to modify the action and mask the taste of other medicines. Applied by atomization, essence of peppermint and alcohol, equal parts, frequently eases the pain of tonsillitis and gives relief in the cough of acute bronchitis and pneumonia.1
The leaves and tops of Mentha piperita, Smith (Mentha X piperita L.) (Nat. Ord. Labiatae). Europe and the United States. Dose, 60 to 120 grains. Common Names: Peppermint. Principal Constituents.A volatile oil (Oleum Mentha, Piperitae) and menthol. (See Menthol.) Preparations.-1. Oleum Menthae Piperitae, Oil of Peppermint. (A clear, colorless oil having the strong odor and taste of peppermint and giving a sensation of cold when air is drawn into the mouth or water is drunk; soluble in alcohol.) Dose, 1 to 10 drops. 2. Aqua Menthae Piperitae, Peppermint Water. Dose, 1 fluidrachm to 1 fluidounce. 3. Spiritus Menthae Piperitae, Spirit of Peppermint (Essence of Peppermint-10 per cent oil). Dose, 5 to 60 drops. Derivative.-Menthol. (See Menthol.) Specific Indications.Gastrodynia, flatulent colic, difficult digestion. Action and Therapy.External. Oil of Peppermint is rubefacient and anodyne. It is used alone or in combination with other oils for the relief of neuralgia and toothache, in both of which it is often very efficient. Its external use has been somewhat superseded by menthol, the camphoraceous body to which oil of peppermint owes most of its virtues. Still it is used largely to relieve local pain, especially that of burns and scalds. Internal. Peppermint infusion is a very grateful agent to allay nausea and vomiting, and to break up a cold. It forms a part of the well-known Neutralizing Cordial. The essence is a common and unexcelled carminative for gastrodynia and the flatulent colic of children, and is used extensively to modify the action and mask the taste of other medicines. Applied by atomization, essence of peppermint and alcohol, equal parts, frequently eases the pain of tonsillitis and gives relief in the cough of acute bronchitis and pneumonia.1
OLEUM CAJUPUTI
Oil of Cajuput, Oil of Cajeput. A volatile oil distilled from the leaves and twigs of several varieties of Melaleuca Leucadendron, Linné (and others...MM) (Nat. Ord. Myrtaceae). The white or broadleaved tea tree of the Moluccas and adjacent islands. Description.A light, thin, bluish-green liquid (after rectification colorless or yellowish) having an agreeable and decidedly camphoraceous odor, and a bitterish aromatic taste. With an equal volume of alcohol it forms a clear solution. Dose, 1 to 10 drops. Principal Constituents.Cajuputol (Cineol or Eucalyptol) (C10H16O) (over 65 per cent), a constituent of many oils; terpineol and a small quantity of terpenes. Preparations.1. Mistura Cajuputi Composita, Compound Cajuput Mixture (Hunns Drops; sometimes called Hunns Life Drops and Compound Tincture of Cajeput). Contains oils of cajuput, clove, peppermint, and anise, of each 1 fluidounce dissolved in 4 fluidounces of alcohol. A popular antispasmodic during the Cincinnati cholera epidemics of 1849-51. Dose, 10 to 60 drops well diluted, or in syrup, mucilage, brandy, or sweetened water. Large and repeated doses will cause gastro-intestinal inflammation. 2. Linimentum Cajuputi Compositum, Compound Cajuput Liniment (oils of cajuput, sassafras, and hemlock, 1 ounce each; soap, an adequate amount to form a liniment). Action and Therapy.The compound liniment of cajuput is a useful stimulant and discutient. It is principally used in mammitis. The compound tincture of cajuput is effective in the relief of pain, as neuralgia, pleurodynia, myalgia, chronic joint inflammations, and in nervous headache. The oil applied to the cavity of a carious tooth sometimes relieves toothache. Internal. Oil of cajuput may be used for the same purposes as the other aromatic oils, chiefly as a stimulating carminative to relieve intestinal pain, spasmodic colic, and cramps, and to alleviate hiccough, nervous vomiting, and congestive dysmenorrhea. It is also a good stimulant in the cough of phthisis, and chronic forms of bronchitis and laryngitis. The Compound Cajuput Mixture is a most valuable agent in cholera morbus, being used by Eclectic practitioners oftener than any other medicine, except in severe cases when the conjoint use of morphine is necessary.1
Oil of Cajuput, Oil of Cajeput. A volatile oil distilled from the leaves and twigs of several varieties of Melaleuca Leucadendron, Linné (and others...MM) (Nat. Ord. Myrtaceae). The white or broadleaved tea tree of the Moluccas and adjacent islands. Description.A light, thin, bluish-green liquid (after rectification colorless or yellowish) having an agreeable and decidedly camphoraceous odor, and a bitterish aromatic taste. With an equal volume of alcohol it forms a clear solution. Dose, 1 to 10 drops. Principal Constituents.Cajuputol (Cineol or Eucalyptol) (C10H16O) (over 65 per cent), a constituent of many oils; terpineol and a small quantity of terpenes. Preparations.1. Mistura Cajuputi Composita, Compound Cajuput Mixture (Hunns Drops; sometimes called Hunns Life Drops and Compound Tincture of Cajeput). Contains oils of cajuput, clove, peppermint, and anise, of each 1 fluidounce dissolved in 4 fluidounces of alcohol. A popular antispasmodic during the Cincinnati cholera epidemics of 1849-51. Dose, 10 to 60 drops well diluted, or in syrup, mucilage, brandy, or sweetened water. Large and repeated doses will cause gastro-intestinal inflammation. 2. Linimentum Cajuputi Compositum, Compound Cajuput Liniment (oils of cajuput, sassafras, and hemlock, 1 ounce each; soap, an adequate amount to form a liniment). Action and Therapy.The compound liniment of cajuput is a useful stimulant and discutient. It is principally used in mammitis. The compound tincture of cajuput is effective in the relief of pain, as neuralgia, pleurodynia, myalgia, chronic joint inflammations, and in nervous headache. The oil applied to the cavity of a carious tooth sometimes relieves toothache. Internal. Oil of cajuput may be used for the same purposes as the other aromatic oils, chiefly as a stimulating carminative to relieve intestinal pain, spasmodic colic, and cramps, and to alleviate hiccough, nervous vomiting, and congestive dysmenorrhea. It is also a good stimulant in the cough of phthisis, and chronic forms of bronchitis and laryngitis. The Compound Cajuput Mixture is a most valuable agent in cholera morbus, being used by Eclectic practitioners oftener than any other medicine, except in severe cases when the conjoint use of morphine is necessary.1
OPIUM
The milky exudate, air dried, obtained by incising unripe capsules of the growing plant Papaveris somniferum, Linné; and its variety, album, De Candolle (Nat. Ord. Papaveraceae). Asia Minor chiefly; also some other parts of Asia, Europe, and Africa. Cultivated. Description.Rounded, flattened, grayish-brown masses, showing a dark-brown, lighter-streaked interior, and having a somewhat nauseous bitter taste, and a peculiar narcotic odor. When fresh it is more or less plastic; when kept it becomes hard and brittle. Opium masses are of variable sizes and usually coated with adherent poppy leaves, and often with the fruits of a species of Rumex used in packing for transportation. The U. S. P. requires that normal, moist opium should contain not less than 9.5 per cent of anhydrous morphine. Dose, 1/4 to 2 grains. (Average dose, 1 grain.) Principal Constituents.Opium contains nineteen or twenty alkaloids, some of which are combined with meconic acid, forming meconates, some with sulphuric acid, some free, as narcotine, a weak base. Those of medicinal interest are: (1) Morphine (C17H19NO3.H2O), anodyne and narcotic; (2) Codeine (C18H21NO3.H2O); (3) Narcotine (Anarcotine) (C22H23NO7); (4) Narceine (C23H29NO9); Thebaine (C19H21N3O) Papaverine (C20H21NO4); and Pseudomorphine (C34H36N2O6). Other alkaloids are: rhoeadine, cryptopine, codamine, laudanine, lanthopine, meconidine, protopine, hydrocotarnine, laudanosine, oxynarcotine, gnoscopine, tritopine, and xantholine. Besides these are the non-alkaloidal constituents: meconic acid, meconin, meconoisin, opionin; volatile oil and other common plant constituents and inorganic salts. Preparations.1. Opii Pulvis, Powdered Opium. A fine light-brown powder. Should contain 1/2 per cent more, but not more than 1 per cent more, of anhydrous morphine than opium. The U. S. P. permits the reduction of morphine content higher than indicated by the use of any inert diluent. Dose, 1/4 to 2 grains (average, 1 grain). 2. Opium Deodoratum, Deodorized Opium. Should be of same morphine strength as Opii Pulvis (see above). Dose, 1/4 to 2 grains (average, 1 grain). 3. Opium Granulatum, Granulated Opium. Same morphine content as Opii Pulvis (see above). Used in the preparation of tincture of opium and deodorized tincture of opium. Dose, 1/4 to 2 grains (average, 1 grain). 4. Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii, Powder of Ipecac and Opium (Compound Powder of Ipecac, Dovers Powder). A grayish-white or pale-brown powder containing 10 per cent each of opium and ipecac. (Ten (10) grains represent 1 grain of opium or about 1/8 grain of morphine.) Dose, 1 to 20 grains. 5. Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii Compositus, Compound Powder of Ipecacuanha and Opium (Diaphoretic Powder, Beach's Diaphoretic Powder). (Contains Opium (10), Camphor (40), Ipecac (20), Bitartrate of Potassium (160). (Each ounce of this powder contains 19 grains of Opium. Each ten (10) grains, therefore, represents nearly 1/2 grain of opium (accurately, 11 1/2 grains contain 1/2 grain of opium), 2 grains of camphor, 1 grain of ipecac.) Dose, 2 to 10 grains. 6. Tinctura Opii, Tincture of Opium (Laudanum). Contains 10 per cent of opium, almost the equivalent of 1 per cent of morphine. (Therefore 10 minims equal about 1 grain of opium, or approximately 1/8 grain of morphine.) Dose, 1 to 30 minims. (The large amounts should never be used as initial doses.) 7. Tinctura Opii Deodorati, Deodorized Tincture of Opium. Same strength as Tincture of Opium. Dose, 1 to 30 minims. (The large doses should never be used as an initial dose.) 8. Tinctura Opii Camphorata, Camphorated Tincture of Opium (Paregoric). About 4/100 per cent opium. Paregoric is about 20 times weaker than Laudanum (Tincture of Opium) as it contains about 1/4 grain of opium in each fluidrachm. This is practically equivalent to 1/40 grain of morphine. Dose: For infants, 5, 10, to 20 minims; for adults, 1 to 4 fluidrachms. CHIEF OPIUM ALKALOIDS AND THEIR SALTS. Morphina, Morphine. Permanent colorless or white fine needles or crystalline powder, without odor and very sparingly soluble in most ordinary solvents. Dose, 1/12to 1/4 grain (average, 1/8 grain). Morphine Hydrochloridum, Morphine Hydrochloride (Morphine Chloride). Permanent and odorless silky needles, or cubical masses or crystalline white powder, readily soluble in hot or cold water; soluble also in glycerin. Not soluble in chloroform or ether. Dose, 1/12 to 1/4 grain (average dose, 1/8 grain). Morphine Sulphas, Morphine Sulphate. Permanent and odorless, white, silky and feathery needle crystals, freely soluble in hot or cold water; not soluble in chloroform or ether Dose, 1/12 to 1/4 grain (average dose, 1/8 grain). Codeina. Specific Indications.Opium and Morphine Salts. Pulse soft and open, or when waves are short, and it gives a sensation of fullness and always lacking hardness, skin soft, tongue moist, face pale, eyes dull and expressionless and immobile or dilated; permanent glycosuria with prostration of powers; pain in incurable diseases. Morphine Salts. (In addition to above.) Unbearable pain; pulmonary hemorrhage; gall-stone and renal colics; pain, with spasm; pain and shock from accidents or acute poisoning; angina pectoris; to prevent shock from surgical operations; in obstetrics to relax and quiet nervous apprehension (use with discrimination). Action.The dominant action of opium is due chiefly to its contained morphine and is spent upon the cerebro-spinal tract, quieting the functions of the cerebrum and exciting those of the spinal cord. In man the most profound effect is upon the cerebrum; in animals upon the cord. Upon the brain, if the dose be small, the first effect is a temporary excitation followed by depression resulting in sleep; if the dose be large the stage of excitation may be absent. When absorbed the drug is a depressant to the sensory filaments, benumbing them against pain, and finally the motor nerves come under its depressing power. While the exact cause of its pain-relieving1
The milky exudate, air dried, obtained by incising unripe capsules of the growing plant Papaveris somniferum, Linné; and its variety, album, De Candolle (Nat. Ord. Papaveraceae). Asia Minor chiefly; also some other parts of Asia, Europe, and Africa. Cultivated. Description.Rounded, flattened, grayish-brown masses, showing a dark-brown, lighter-streaked interior, and having a somewhat nauseous bitter taste, and a peculiar narcotic odor. When fresh it is more or less plastic; when kept it becomes hard and brittle. Opium masses are of variable sizes and usually coated with adherent poppy leaves, and often with the fruits of a species of Rumex used in packing for transportation. The U. S. P. requires that normal, moist opium should contain not less than 9.5 per cent of anhydrous morphine. Dose, 1/4 to 2 grains. (Average dose, 1 grain.) Principal Constituents.Opium contains nineteen or twenty alkaloids, some of which are combined with meconic acid, forming meconates, some with sulphuric acid, some free, as narcotine, a weak base. Those of medicinal interest are: (1) Morphine (C17H19NO3.H2O), anodyne and narcotic; (2) Codeine (C18H21NO3.H2O); (3) Narcotine (Anarcotine) (C22H23NO7); (4) Narceine (C23H29NO9); Thebaine (C19H21N3O) Papaverine (C20H21NO4); and Pseudomorphine (C34H36N2O6). Other alkaloids are: rhoeadine, cryptopine, codamine, laudanine, lanthopine, meconidine, protopine, hydrocotarnine, laudanosine, oxynarcotine, gnoscopine, tritopine, and xantholine. Besides these are the non-alkaloidal constituents: meconic acid, meconin, meconoisin, opionin; volatile oil and other common plant constituents and inorganic salts. Preparations.1. Opii Pulvis, Powdered Opium. A fine light-brown powder. Should contain 1/2 per cent more, but not more than 1 per cent more, of anhydrous morphine than opium. The U. S. P. permits the reduction of morphine content higher than indicated by the use of any inert diluent. Dose, 1/4 to 2 grains (average, 1 grain). 2. Opium Deodoratum, Deodorized Opium. Should be of same morphine strength as Opii Pulvis (see above). Dose, 1/4 to 2 grains (average, 1 grain). 3. Opium Granulatum, Granulated Opium. Same morphine content as Opii Pulvis (see above). Used in the preparation of tincture of opium and deodorized tincture of opium. Dose, 1/4 to 2 grains (average, 1 grain). 4. Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii, Powder of Ipecac and Opium (Compound Powder of Ipecac, Dovers Powder). A grayish-white or pale-brown powder containing 10 per cent each of opium and ipecac. (Ten (10) grains represent 1 grain of opium or about 1/8 grain of morphine.) Dose, 1 to 20 grains. 5. Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii Compositus, Compound Powder of Ipecacuanha and Opium (Diaphoretic Powder, Beach's Diaphoretic Powder). (Contains Opium (10), Camphor (40), Ipecac (20), Bitartrate of Potassium (160). (Each ounce of this powder contains 19 grains of Opium. Each ten (10) grains, therefore, represents nearly 1/2 grain of opium (accurately, 11 1/2 grains contain 1/2 grain of opium), 2 grains of camphor, 1 grain of ipecac.) Dose, 2 to 10 grains. 6. Tinctura Opii, Tincture of Opium (Laudanum). Contains 10 per cent of opium, almost the equivalent of 1 per cent of morphine. (Therefore 10 minims equal about 1 grain of opium, or approximately 1/8 grain of morphine.) Dose, 1 to 30 minims. (The large amounts should never be used as initial doses.) 7. Tinctura Opii Deodorati, Deodorized Tincture of Opium. Same strength as Tincture of Opium. Dose, 1 to 30 minims. (The large doses should never be used as an initial dose.) 8. Tinctura Opii Camphorata, Camphorated Tincture of Opium (Paregoric). About 4/100 per cent opium. Paregoric is about 20 times weaker than Laudanum (Tincture of Opium) as it contains about 1/4 grain of opium in each fluidrachm. This is practically equivalent to 1/40 grain of morphine. Dose: For infants, 5, 10, to 20 minims; for adults, 1 to 4 fluidrachms. CHIEF OPIUM ALKALOIDS AND THEIR SALTS. Morphina, Morphine. Permanent colorless or white fine needles or crystalline powder, without odor and very sparingly soluble in most ordinary solvents. Dose, 1/12to 1/4 grain (average, 1/8 grain). Morphine Hydrochloridum, Morphine Hydrochloride (Morphine Chloride). Permanent and odorless silky needles, or cubical masses or crystalline white powder, readily soluble in hot or cold water; soluble also in glycerin. Not soluble in chloroform or ether. Dose, 1/12 to 1/4 grain (average dose, 1/8 grain). Morphine Sulphas, Morphine Sulphate. Permanent and odorless, white, silky and feathery needle crystals, freely soluble in hot or cold water; not soluble in chloroform or ether Dose, 1/12 to 1/4 grain (average dose, 1/8 grain). Codeina. Specific Indications.Opium and Morphine Salts. Pulse soft and open, or when waves are short, and it gives a sensation of fullness and always lacking hardness, skin soft, tongue moist, face pale, eyes dull and expressionless and immobile or dilated; permanent glycosuria with prostration of powers; pain in incurable diseases. Morphine Salts. (In addition to above.) Unbearable pain; pulmonary hemorrhage; gall-stone and renal colics; pain, with spasm; pain and shock from accidents or acute poisoning; angina pectoris; to prevent shock from surgical operations; in obstetrics to relax and quiet nervous apprehension (use with discrimination). Action.The dominant action of opium is due chiefly to its contained morphine and is spent upon the cerebro-spinal tract, quieting the functions of the cerebrum and exciting those of the spinal cord. In man the most profound effect is upon the cerebrum; in animals upon the cord. Upon the brain, if the dose be small, the first effect is a temporary excitation followed by depression resulting in sleep; if the dose be large the stage of excitation may be absent. When absorbed the drug is a depressant to the sensory filaments, benumbing them against pain, and finally the motor nerves come under its depressing power. While the exact cause of its pain-relieving1
THUJA
The branchlets and leaves of Thuja occidentalis, Linné (Nat. Ord. Cupressaceae). Indigenous to Canada and the United States, on the rocky borders of streams and lakes, and in swamps. Common Names: Arbor Vitae, Yellow Cedar, False White Cedar, Tree of Life. Principal Constituents.Oleum Thuja, (Oil of Arbor Vitae), having a camphoraceous odor and tansy-like taste, and composed of dextro-pinene, laevofenchone, and dextro-thujone; a bitter glucoside, pinipicrin, and thujin(C20H22O12), an astringent, yellow glucoside closely related to quercitrin. Preparations.1. Specific Medicine Thuja. Dose, 1 to 30 drops. 2. Aqueous Thuja. Dose, 1 to 40 drops; chiefly used locally. 3. Longs Thuja, An Ointment of Thuja. Specific Indications.Vesical irritation and atony; enuresis due to atony; urinal incontinence in children due to a weak bladder; dribbling of the urine in the aged, not due to paralysis or growths; urine expelled upon exertion as coughing, etc.; catarrhal flow from bladder or genitalia of male or female; chronic prostatitis; warty excrescences, and dry forms of eczema. Locally: fissured anus, prolapsus ani, pruritus in mucous membranes; venereal discharges; trachoma; warts; naevi; urethral caruncles; and hydrocele. Action.In small doses thuja is tonic and increases the activities of the kidneys. Large doses may provoke the irritant effects common to the turpentines and balsams. It has been asserted to have caused abortion, a doubtful effect, but attributed secondarily to violent gastric and intestinal irritation, resulting from excessive amounts of the drug. In many respects it resembles the activities of savin; though unlike the latter it is not a poison. Therapy.External. Locally thuja is stimulant, subastringent, deodorant and antiseptic. It is especially useful for the restraint and reduction of hypertrophic changes in the mucous and cutaneous tissues. It will deaden and repress fungous granulations, and for this purpose may be applied to "Proud flesh" and "ingrown nail" (both overgrown granulations). Alcoholic preparations of thuja may be employed to retard fungoid granulation and ulceration in epithelioma (does not cure), bed sores, sloughing wounds, fistulae, and to overcome the stench of senile and other forms of gangrene. It has a good record in curing papillomata and condylomata (upon the nates) when soft and there is foul exudation; and often succeeds in controlling venereal or genital warts. Alcoholic preparations of thuja are generally conceded to be the best local and kindly acting vegetable medicines for the dispersal of common warts or verruccae on any part of the body. It is applied locally and with reputed greater success hypodermatically into the base of the growth. Our personal experience with it for the removal of warts has been negative. Rarely it controls bleeding and ameliorates in hemorrhoids and prolapsus ani. Persisted in, though at first painful, it has cured fissure of the anus. Howe valued it for bulging naevi, and his once famous method of curing hydrocele with it is now little practiced. As compared with tincture of iodine or with carbolic acid it is less painful, but unlike the latter free from poisonous consequences through absorption. Howe's method was as follows: Tap and drain the tunica vaginalis testis, and inject two drachms of a solution of specific medicine thuja (one part) in warm sterile water (seven parts). Knead the tissues thoroughly so that the fluid is made to penetrate every part of the sac. More or less burning pain ensues, together with a greater or less degree of swelling; after sub sidence of the latter, if the procedure has been carefully executed, adhesion of the contact surfaces from the inflammation provoked results. Specific medicine thuja has been used to remove urethral caruncle and for the relief of chronic dry eczema of a furfuraceous character. Dropped upon hot water and inhaled it is of benefit in fetid sore throat, chronic and fetid bronchitis, bronchorrhea, and chronic nasal and retro-nasal catarrh. In all of the foregoing conditions the alcoholic preparations may be employed from full strength to such a dilution as the individual cases demand. Aqueous thuja is invaluable to relieve pain and promote quick healing in soft pultaceous chancroids. It quickly allays pain, checks the discharge and odor, prevents lymphatic engorgement, and stimulates healing. It has no effect upon hard chancre, nor is it in any sense to be regarded as antisyphilitic. Wherever upon sensitive tissues the alcoholic preparations are inadvisable, the aqueous preparation may be substituted. It has been especially useful in catarrhal granulation of the cervix uteri (tampon); its use being preceded by a hot douche. For acute gonorrhea the following injection is most valuable: Rx Colorless Hydrastis; Aqueous Thuja, each 1 part; Warm Water, 4 parts. Mix. Sig.: Inject every three hours. If there is much soreness add one part of Specific Medicine Hamamelis. The same mixture gives good results in subacute and chronic proctitis, following dysentery. Locally applied alone, or in the above-named combination, it may be used upon balanitis, herpetic ulcers, and abrasions and excoriations of the glans penis. As a local wash for mucous erosions in the mouth, for sore nipples, and for chapped hands it is pleasant and often efficient. Ointment of Thuja is the preferred thuja preparation for granular ophthalmia or simple trachoma. When the granules are soft and pultaceous a wetted alum pencil may be quickly passed over the everted lid, making but one sweep at each treatment. The parts are then dried, especially if the subconjunctival tissue is much infiltrated; and the ointment applied by means of a camel's-hair pencil. This should be done once a day. Fleeting pain is experienced. Absolute cleanliness should be insisted upon when home treatment is carried out, and constitutional remedies administered when conditions warrant them. Internal. Thuja is stimulant, subas1
The branchlets and leaves of Thuja occidentalis, Linné (Nat. Ord. Cupressaceae). Indigenous to Canada and the United States, on the rocky borders of streams and lakes, and in swamps. Common Names: Arbor Vitae, Yellow Cedar, False White Cedar, Tree of Life. Principal Constituents.Oleum Thuja, (Oil of Arbor Vitae), having a camphoraceous odor and tansy-like taste, and composed of dextro-pinene, laevofenchone, and dextro-thujone; a bitter glucoside, pinipicrin, and thujin(C20H22O12), an astringent, yellow glucoside closely related to quercitrin. Preparations.1. Specific Medicine Thuja. Dose, 1 to 30 drops. 2. Aqueous Thuja. Dose, 1 to 40 drops; chiefly used locally. 3. Longs Thuja, An Ointment of Thuja. Specific Indications.Vesical irritation and atony; enuresis due to atony; urinal incontinence in children due to a weak bladder; dribbling of the urine in the aged, not due to paralysis or growths; urine expelled upon exertion as coughing, etc.; catarrhal flow from bladder or genitalia of male or female; chronic prostatitis; warty excrescences, and dry forms of eczema. Locally: fissured anus, prolapsus ani, pruritus in mucous membranes; venereal discharges; trachoma; warts; naevi; urethral caruncles; and hydrocele. Action.In small doses thuja is tonic and increases the activities of the kidneys. Large doses may provoke the irritant effects common to the turpentines and balsams. It has been asserted to have caused abortion, a doubtful effect, but attributed secondarily to violent gastric and intestinal irritation, resulting from excessive amounts of the drug. In many respects it resembles the activities of savin; though unlike the latter it is not a poison. Therapy.External. Locally thuja is stimulant, subastringent, deodorant and antiseptic. It is especially useful for the restraint and reduction of hypertrophic changes in the mucous and cutaneous tissues. It will deaden and repress fungous granulations, and for this purpose may be applied to "Proud flesh" and "ingrown nail" (both overgrown granulations). Alcoholic preparations of thuja may be employed to retard fungoid granulation and ulceration in epithelioma (does not cure), bed sores, sloughing wounds, fistulae, and to overcome the stench of senile and other forms of gangrene. It has a good record in curing papillomata and condylomata (upon the nates) when soft and there is foul exudation; and often succeeds in controlling venereal or genital warts. Alcoholic preparations of thuja are generally conceded to be the best local and kindly acting vegetable medicines for the dispersal of common warts or verruccae on any part of the body. It is applied locally and with reputed greater success hypodermatically into the base of the growth. Our personal experience with it for the removal of warts has been negative. Rarely it controls bleeding and ameliorates in hemorrhoids and prolapsus ani. Persisted in, though at first painful, it has cured fissure of the anus. Howe valued it for bulging naevi, and his once famous method of curing hydrocele with it is now little practiced. As compared with tincture of iodine or with carbolic acid it is less painful, but unlike the latter free from poisonous consequences through absorption. Howe's method was as follows: Tap and drain the tunica vaginalis testis, and inject two drachms of a solution of specific medicine thuja (one part) in warm sterile water (seven parts). Knead the tissues thoroughly so that the fluid is made to penetrate every part of the sac. More or less burning pain ensues, together with a greater or less degree of swelling; after sub sidence of the latter, if the procedure has been carefully executed, adhesion of the contact surfaces from the inflammation provoked results. Specific medicine thuja has been used to remove urethral caruncle and for the relief of chronic dry eczema of a furfuraceous character. Dropped upon hot water and inhaled it is of benefit in fetid sore throat, chronic and fetid bronchitis, bronchorrhea, and chronic nasal and retro-nasal catarrh. In all of the foregoing conditions the alcoholic preparations may be employed from full strength to such a dilution as the individual cases demand. Aqueous thuja is invaluable to relieve pain and promote quick healing in soft pultaceous chancroids. It quickly allays pain, checks the discharge and odor, prevents lymphatic engorgement, and stimulates healing. It has no effect upon hard chancre, nor is it in any sense to be regarded as antisyphilitic. Wherever upon sensitive tissues the alcoholic preparations are inadvisable, the aqueous preparation may be substituted. It has been especially useful in catarrhal granulation of the cervix uteri (tampon); its use being preceded by a hot douche. For acute gonorrhea the following injection is most valuable: Rx Colorless Hydrastis; Aqueous Thuja, each 1 part; Warm Water, 4 parts. Mix. Sig.: Inject every three hours. If there is much soreness add one part of Specific Medicine Hamamelis. The same mixture gives good results in subacute and chronic proctitis, following dysentery. Locally applied alone, or in the above-named combination, it may be used upon balanitis, herpetic ulcers, and abrasions and excoriations of the glans penis. As a local wash for mucous erosions in the mouth, for sore nipples, and for chapped hands it is pleasant and often efficient. Ointment of Thuja is the preferred thuja preparation for granular ophthalmia or simple trachoma. When the granules are soft and pultaceous a wetted alum pencil may be quickly passed over the everted lid, making but one sweep at each treatment. The parts are then dried, especially if the subconjunctival tissue is much infiltrated; and the ointment applied by means of a camel's-hair pencil. This should be done once a day. Fleeting pain is experienced. Absolute cleanliness should be insisted upon when home treatment is carried out, and constitutional remedies administered when conditions warrant them. Internal. Thuja is stimulant, subas1
References
1) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.