Caused

What are genetic disorders?

Genetic disorders are health conditions caused by changes (also called mutations or variants) in your genes. Genes are parts of DNA found in your cells that carry instructions for how your body grows, develops, and functions. Many genes tell your body how to make proteins, which are needed for your body to work properly.

What causes genetic disorders?

A genetic disorder happens when a gene variant changes how a protein is made. The variant may cause the protein to work poorly or not be made at all. If genes don't make the right proteins, or don't make them correctly, it can lead to a genetic disorder.

Not all gene changes cause disease. Often, these changes have no effect. But sometimes, even a small change in DNA can affect how proteins are made.

Gene variants can be grouped into two main types:

Inherited variants (also called germline variants) are passed down from your parents. They come from egg or sperm cells.
Non-inherited (also called somatic variants) are not passed down from your parents. They happen during your lifetime. They may be caused by things like harmful chemicals or ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun.

What are the types of genetic disorders?

Genetic disorders may be caused by:

Single gene disorders are caused by changes in one gene. Examples can include sickle cell anemia, where a change in a single gene can cause the condition, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, where a variant in one of many different genes can cause the condition.
Chromosomal disorders are caused by missing, extra, or altered chromosomes. Chromosomes are structures that carry genes. These disorders involve changes in the number of chromosomes people have or changes in the structure of one or more chromosomes. An example is Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Complex (multifactorial) disorders are caused by changes in many genes. Each change alone may not cause the disease, but together they increase the risk. Lifestyle and environmental factors, such as exercise, diet, or exposure to pollutants, also play a role. Colon cancer is an example.

What are the different ways a genetic disorder can be inherited?

Some genetic conditions are passed down through families (inherited) in one of several patterns, depending on the specific gene involved.

Patterns of inheritance can include:

Dominant means you only need one changed gene to cause the condition.
Recessive means you need two changed copies of the gene (one from each parent) for the condition to occur.
X-linked conditions involve genes located on the X chromosome. These conditions often affect males more frequently.
Mitochondrial conditions are passed down by the mother.

How are genetic disorders diagnosed?

Your health care provider may check for a genetic condition based on:

A physical examination.
Your personal medical history.
Your family health history.
Laboratory tests, including genetic testing.

NIH: National Library of Medicine

Caused FDA Approved Drugs

DORYX [Doxycycline Hyclate^{2C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₈C₂H₆O2ClHH₂O}]

eq 100mg base (oral tablet, delayed release)

eq 150mg base (oral tablet, delayed release)

eq 200mg base (oral tablet, delayed release)

eq 50mg base (oral tablet, delayed release)

eq 75mg base (oral tablet, delayed release)

eq 80mg base (oral tablet, delayed release)

Mayne Pharma^{May 6, 2005}

To treat or prevent infections caused by susceptible bacteria using delayed-release tablets consisting of doxycycline hyclate coated pellets in a tablet.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

DORYX MPC [Doxycycline Hyclate^{2C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₈C₂H₆O2ClHH₂O}]

eq 120mg base (oral tablet, delayed release)

eq 60mg base (oral tablet, delayed release)

Mayne Pharma^{May 20, 2016}

To treat or prevent infections caused by susceptible bacteria using delayed-release tablets consisting of doxycycline hyclate coated pellets in a tablet.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

KERYDIN [Tavaborole^{C₇H₆BFO₂}]

5% (topical solution)

Anacor Pharms Inc^{Jul 7, 2014}

Treatment for onychomycosis that is tinea unguium.
Treatment of onychomychosis of a toenail caused by trichophyton rubrum or trichophyton mentagrophytes.
Treatment of onychomycosis of a toenail.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

ONMEL [Itraconazole^{C₃₅H₃₈Cl₂N₈O₄}]

200mg (oral tablet)

Sebela Ireland Ltd^{Apr 29, 2010}

Onychomycosis of the toenail caused by tricophyton rubrum or trichophyton mentagrophytes, once daily use for 12 consecutive weeks.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

THALOMID [Thalidomide^{C₁₃H₁₀N₂O₄}]

100mg (oral capsule)

150mg (oral capsule)

200mg (oral capsule)

Celgene^{Jan 17, 2003}

Acute treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of moderate to severe erythema nodosum leprosum (enl).
Approval for marketing only under a special restriction program approved by fda called 'system for thalidomide education and prescribing safety' (s.t.e.p.s.).
Maintenance therapy for prevention and supression of the cutaneous manifestations of enl recurrence.
Method for delivering a drug to a patient in need of the drug, while avoiding the occurence of an adverse side effect known or suspected of being caused by said drug.
Treatment of cutaneous manifestations of erythema nodosum leprosum (enl) in connection with a special program approved by fda called 'system for thalidomide education and prescribing safety' (s.t.e.p.s.).
Treatment of male patient having a disease or condition responsive to a teratogenic drug.
Use in combination with dexamethasone is indicated for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.
Use of thalidomide in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.
Use of thalidomide in treatment of cutaneous manifestations of erythema nodosum leprosum (enl).
Use of thalidomide while preventing the exposure of a fetus or other contraindicated individual to thalidomide.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

WARNING: Consult a licensed physician in the appropriate field for medical treatment and drug prescription. Do not self medicate.

WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.

Felter's Materia Medica on Caused

ARNICA MONTANA
...to unconsciousness, motor, sensory and vagal paralysis, coma, and death. Death is said to have been caused by two ounces of tincture of arnica. Therapy.External. Arnica, in tincture or fomentation, ......illy sensations, arnica is a remedy of power to give comfort and hasten resolution. When myalgia is caused by exposure, or when muscular soreness and pain are due to strain, overexertion, or sudden ja...¹

ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA
The root of Asclepias tuberosa, Linné (Nat. Ord. Asclepiadaceae). United States and Canada. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common Names: Pleurisy Root,... / ...rue secretion of the skin more nearly resembles that of normal or insensible perspiration than that caused by any other diaphoretic, corallorhiza possibly excepted. Therapy.Asclepias is one of the m...¹

BRYONIA
The root of Bryonia dioica, Jacquin, and Bryonia alba, Linné (Nat. Ord. Cucurbitaceae.) Europe. Common Names: Bryony, Bastard Turnip, Devil's... / ...the skin blisters it. When taken internally in overdoses it causes severe gastro-enteritis, and has caused death. The chief symptoms are uncontrollable diarrhea and vomiting, dizziness, lowered temper... / ...its origin in irritation or erethism. Tensive or sharp pains are almost always present, and the secretion, if there is any, is small in quantit¹

CAMBOGIA
A gum-resin obtained from Garcinia Hanburii, Hooker filius (Nat. Ord. Guttiferae). Siam, Cochin-China, and Cambodia. Dose, 1 to 3 grains. Common... / ...l conditions prevail and it is desired to treat them by purgation. It is exceedingly active and has caused death by gastroenteritis. Full doses should never be given, but repeated small doses in pills...¹

CEANOTHUS^CEANO
The root, root-bark, and leaves of Ceanothus americanus, Marshall (Nat. Ord. Rhamnaceae.) A small shrub indigenous to the United States,... / ...uted efficient in gastric and hepatic disorders dependent upon splenic enlargement, especially when caused by malarial influence. It has given good results in splenic hypertrophy, with expressionless ...¹

COCA^ERYTH5
The dried leaves of Erythroxylon Coca, Lamarck, and its varieties. (Nat. Ord. Erythroxylaceae.) South American Andes-Peru, Bolivia, and Chili.... / ...succumbs. An occasional dose of 10 to 15 drops of the fluidextract will sometimes overcome insomnia caused by gloom and worry, and very rarely it helps one over an attack of asthma. It may be used for...¹

CYPRIPEDIUM^CYAL10
The rhizome and rootlets of Cypripedium pubescens, Swartz; and of Cypripedium parviflorum, Salisbury. (Nat. Ord. Orchidaceae.) Rich woods of the... / ...f mind, and by thus inducing mental tranquillity favors restful sleep. When nervous irritability is caused reflexly by pelvic disorders it is especially a useful drug. If due to organic disease it is ... / ...Simple Syrup, enough to make 3 fluidounces. Mix. Sig.: Dose, 5 to 20 drops. If nausea occurs lessen the amount of, or omit the lobelia.¹

EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM
The flowering tops and leaves of Eupatorium perfoliatum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). Swamps and low meadows throughout the United States. Dose,... / ...uralgic type, particularly if associated with malarial infection, but it renders no service in that caused by inflammation or by syphilitic or other organic changes in the periosteum. In respiratory a... / ...tonic and stomachic, when given in small doses it improves the appetite and digestion and thus favors a more rapid and perfect convalescence.¹

EUPHORBIA HYPERICIFOLIA
The entire plant Euphorbia (Chamaesyce) hypericifolia, Linné (Nat. Ord. Euphorbiaceae). A common weed in rich soils of gardens and waste... / ...imself, found the infusion to produce a full frontal headache, similar to but less severe than that caused by macrotys, with an unpleasant fullness with oppression at the epigastrium, and a sense of l...¹

GALLA
An... / ...crescence on Quercus infectoria, Olivier, and other allied species of Quercus (Nat. Ord. Fagaceae), caused by the punctures and deposited ova of the Cynips tinctoria, Hartig. Common Names: Nutgall, Ga... / ...by many as a local application, in ointment, in preference to the acids named. They are commonly associated with opium for the same purpose.¹

GAULTHERIA
The leaves of Gaultheria procumbens, Linné (Nat. Ord. Ericaceae). Damp woods and sandy soils of eastern third of the United States. Common... / ...assed. Considerable good has been accomplished with it when spermatorrhea and sexual excitement are caused by urethral irritability and prostatic fullness. The specific medicine may be administered in... / ...of infants. Gaultheria is an agent of special value as a flavoring agent and preservative for water-dispensed medicines in the summer season. Fo¹

GLYCERINUM
Glycerin, Glycerol. A liquid composed most largely of a trihydric alcohol (C3H5(OH)3) obtained by the processes of hydrolysis and distillation of... / ...dened and impacted cerumen prior to removing it by gently syringing with warm water. Any irritation caused by the hardened mass or the means of removal may be overcome by the following: Rx Colorless H... / ...A 5 per cent solution of phenol in glycerin upon cotton may be used for insertion into the aural canal after rupture of the membrana tympani wh¹

GUAIACUM
The resin of the wood of Guaiacum officinale, Linné, or of Guaiacum sanctum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Zygophyllaceae). West Indian trees. Dose, 5 to 30... / ...testinal inflammation. It has somewhat of an antiseptic action, which is extended to the secretions caused by it. The chief uses for guaiac are in rheumatic pharyngitis or rheumatic sore throat and i... / ...a fourfold dilution of specific medicine, mixed with syrup and water. Stronger preparations than this diluted tincture precipitate heavily.¹

HEDEOMA
The leaves and tops of Hedeoma pulegioides (Linné,) Persoon (Nat. Ord. Labiatae). Common in American woods and waste places. Dose, 5 to 60... / ...pressed lochia. Action.Oil of pennyroyal produces toxic effects when given in overdoses. A drachm caused severe headache, difficult swallowing, intense nausea, severe retching without emesis, intole... / ...for this effect it is one of the most certain of medicines; and a relic of domestic methods once in favor among physicians, as well as the laity.¹

HELLEBORUS
The root of Helleborus niger, Linné (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae.) Subalpine woods of central and southern Europe. Dose, 1 to 10 grains. Common... / ... power and arterial tension and slow rapid action of the heart. It increases renal activity and has caused rapid disappearance of noncompensatory symptoms in heart disorders. It is also suggested when...¹

Physician's Materia Medica on Caused

CALLS (Nutgalls)
An excrescence on QUERCUS LUSITANICA, Lam., caused by the puncture for the purpose of depositing its ova of an insect. A power ful astringent, very rich in tannin (gallo-tannic acid). Used chiefly for its local astringent action, e. g. as a gargle in relaxed conditions of the throat, as an ointment for relief of hemorrhoids, 'etc.²

PARSLEY^PETRO6
The fruit, also the root of APIUM PETROSELINUM, Lin. Carmi native, discutient, diuretic, antiperiodic, emmenagogue, sedative to genito-urinary tract. The root particularly is used with reference to this last property, being prescribed in strangury from cantharides or turpentine and in painful micturition caused by gravel. The seeds are generally used for their emmenagogue virtue, which depends on the apiol they contain. Dose of Apiol, 0.2 to 0.4 c. c. (3 to 6 mi. three times a day.²

References

1) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
2) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.

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References