Hypertension

What is blood pressure?

Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Each time your heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries. Your blood pressure is highest when your heart beats, pumping the blood. This is called systolic pressure. When your heart is at rest, between beats, your blood pressure falls. This is called diastolic pressure.

Your blood pressure reading uses these two numbers. Usually the systolic number comes before or above the diastolic number. For example, 120/80 means a systolic of 120 and a diastolic of 80.

How is high blood pressure diagnosed?

High blood pressure usually has no symptoms. So the only way to find out if you have it is to get regular blood pressure checks from your health care provider. Your provider will use a gauge, a stethoscope or electronic sensor, and a blood pressure cuff. They will take two or more readings at separate appointments before making a diagnosis.

Blood Pressure CategorySystolic Blood PressureDiastolic Blood PressureNormalLess than 120andLess than 80Elevated120 - 129andLess than 80High Blood Pressure Stage 1130 - 139or80 - 89High Blood Pressure Stage 2140 or higheror90 or higherHypertensive Crisis (dangerously high blood pressure - seek medical care right away)Higher than 180andHigher than 120

For children and teens, the health care provider compares the blood pressure reading to what is normal for other kids who are the same age, height, and sex.

What are the different types of high blood pressure?

There are two main types of high blood pressure: primary and secondary high blood pressure.:

Primary, or essential, high blood pressure is the most common type of high blood pressure. For most people who get this kind of blood pressure, it develops over time as you get older.
Secondary high blood pressure is caused by another medical condition or use of certain medicines. It usually gets better after you treat that condition or stop taking the medicines that are causing it.

Why do I need to worry about high blood pressure?

When your blood pressure stays high over time, it causes the heart to pump harder and work overtime, possibly leading to serious health problems such as heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and kidney failure.

What are the treatments for high blood pressure?

Treatments for high blood pressure include heart-healthy lifestyle changes and medicines.

You will work with your provider to come up with a treatment plan. It may include only the lifestyle changes. These changes, such as heart-healthy eating and exercise, can be very effective. But sometimes the changes do not control or lower your high blood pressure. Then you may need to take medicine. There are different types of blood pressure medicines. Some people need to take more than one type.

If your high blood pressure is caused by another medical condition or medicine, treating that condition or stopping the medicine may lower your blood pressure.

NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Hypertension FDA Approved Drugs

ADCIRCA [Tadalafil^{C₂₂H₁₉N₃O₄}]

20mg (oral tablet)

Eli Lilly Co^{May 22, 2009}

Treatment of pulmonary hypertension.

efficacy
5.0 (2)

side effects
2.0 (1)

danger
3.0 (2)

ALPHAGAN P [Brimonidine Tartrate^{C₁₁H₁₀BrN₅C₄H₆O₆}]

0.1% (ophthalmic solution/drops)

0.15% (ophthalmic solution/drops)

Allergan^{Aug 19, 2005}

Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

efficacy
5.0 (1)

side effects
2.0 (1)

danger
2.0 (1)

BYSTOLIC [Nebivolol Hydrochloride^{C₂₂H₂₅F₂NO₄ClH}]

eq 10mg base (oral tablet)

eq 2.5mg base (oral tablet)

eq 20mg base (oral tablet)

eq 5mg base (oral tablet)

Forest Labs^{Dec 17, 2007}

Treatment of hypertension.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

BYVALSON [Nebivolol Hydrochloride^{C₂₂H₂₅F₂NO₄ClH} : Valsartan^{C₂₄H₂₉N₅O₃}]

eq 5mg base : 80mg (oral tablet)

Forest Labs Llc^{Jun 3, 2016}

Method of treating hypertension.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

CADUET [Amlodipine Besylate^{C₂₀H₂₅ClN₂O₅C₆H₆O₃S} : Atorvastatin Calcium]

eq 10mg base : eq 10mg base (oral tablet)

eq 10mg base : eq 20mg base (oral tablet)

eq 10mg base : eq 40mg base (oral tablet)

eq 10mg base : eq 80mg base (oral tablet)

eq 2.5mg base : eq 10mg base (oral tablet)

eq 2.5mg base : eq 20mg base (oral tablet)

eq 2.5mg base : eq 40mg base (oral tablet)

eq 5mg base : eq 10mg base (oral tablet)

eq 5mg base : eq 20mg base (oral tablet)

eq 5mg base : eq 40mg base (oral tablet)

eq 5mg base : eq 80mg base (oral tablet)

Pfizer^{Jan 30, 2004}

Treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia with a single composition.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

CARDIZEM LA [Diltiazem Hydrochloride^{C₂₂H₂₆N₂O₄SClH}]

120mg (oral tablet, extended release)

180mg (oral tablet, extended release)

240mg (oral tablet, extended release)

300mg (oral tablet, extended release)

360mg (oral tablet, extended release)

420mg (oral tablet, extended release)

Valeant Intl^{Feb 6, 2003}

Treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

COMBIGAN [Brimonidine Tartrate^{C₁₁H₁₀BrN₅C₄H₆O₆} : Timolol Maleate^{C₁₃H₂₄N₄O₃SC₄H₄O₄}]

0.2% : eq 0.5% base (ophthalmic solution/drops)

Allergan^{Oct 30, 2007}

Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (iop) in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension who require adjunctive or replacement therapy due to inadequately controlled iop. dose is one drop of combigan in the affected eye twice daily.
Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension who require adjunctive or replacement therapy due to inadequately controlled iop.
Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure.
Reduction of intraocular pressure in patients with elevated intraocular pressure or glaucoma.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

COREG CR [Carvedilol Phosphate^{2C₂₄H₂₆N₂O₄H₂O2H₃O₄P}]

10mg (oral capsule, extended release)

20mg (oral capsule, extended release)

40mg (oral capsule, extended release)

80mg (oral capsule, extended release)

Smithkline Beecham^{Oct 20, 2006}

Treatment of congestive heart failure.
Treatment of hypertension.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

DIOVAN [Valsartan^{C₂₄H₂₉N₅O₃}]

160mg (oral tablet)

320mg (oral tablet)

40mg (oral tablet)

80mg (oral tablet)

Novartis^{Jul 18, 2001}

Treatment of hypertension.
Use of valsartan to reduce cardiovascular mortality in clinically stable patients with left ventricular failure or left ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

DIOVAN HCT [Hydrochlorothiazide^{C₇H₈ClN₃O₄S₂} : Valsartan^{C₂₄H₂₉N₅O₃}]

12.5mg : 160mg (oral tablet)

12.5mg : 320mg (oral tablet)

12.5mg : 80mg (oral tablet)

25mg : 160mg (oral tablet)

25mg : 320mg (oral tablet)

Novartis^{Mar 6, 1998}

Treatment of hypertension.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

EDARBI [Azilsartan Kamedoxomil^{C₃₀H₂₃N₄O₈K}]

eq 40mg medoxomil (oral tablet)

eq 80mg medoxomil (oral tablet)

Arbor Pharms Llc^{Feb 25, 2011}

Treatment of hypertension.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

EDARBYCLOR [Azilsartan Kamedoxomil^{C₃₀H₂₃N₄O₈K} : Chlorthalidone^{C₁₄H₁₁ClN₂O₄S}]

eq 40mg medoxomil : 12.5mg (oral tablet)

eq 40mg medoxomil : 25mg (oral tablet)

Arbor Pharms Llc^{Dec 20, 2011}

Treatment of hypertension.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

EPANED KIT [Enalapril Maleate^{C₂₀H₂₈N₂O₅C₄H₄O₄}]

1mg/ml (oral for solution)

Silvergate Pharms^{Aug 13, 2013}

Method of treating hypertension.
Method of treating left ventricular dysfunction.
Method of treatment of heart failure.
Treatment of heart failure.
Treatment of hypertension.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

EXFORGE [Amlodipine Besylate^{C₂₀H₂₅ClN₂O₅C₆H₆O₃S} : Valsartan^{C₂₄H₂₉N₅O₃}]

eq 10mg base : 160mg (oral tablet)

eq 10mg base : 320mg (oral tablet)

eq 5mg base : 160mg (oral tablet)

eq 5mg base : 320mg (oral tablet)

Novartis^{Jun 20, 2007}

Treatment of hypertension.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

EXFORGE HCT [Amlodipine Besylate^{C₂₀H₂₅ClN₂O₅C₆H₆O₃S} : Hydrochlorothiazide^{C₇H₈ClN₃O₄S₂} : Valsartan^{C₂₄H₂₉N₅O₃}]

10mg : 12.5mg : 160mg (oral tablet)

10mg : 25mg : 160mg (oral tablet)

10mg : 25mg : 320mg (oral tablet)

5mg : 12.5mg : 160mg (oral tablet)

5mg : 25mg : 160mg (oral tablet)

Novartis^{Apr 30, 2009}

Treatment of hypertension.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

INSPRA [Eplerenone^{C₂₄H₃₀O₆}]

25mg (oral tablet)

50mg (oral tablet)

Gd Searle Llc^{Sep 27, 2002}

Treatment of conditions for which an aldosterone receptor blocker is indicated, such as hypertension, heart failure, and post-myocardial infarction.
Treatment of conditions related to hyperaldosteronism such as hypertension and cardiac insufficiency, with eplerenone.
Treatment of hypertension.
Use of eplerenone in combination with an angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) inhibitor (and optionally a diuretic) for treating congestive heart failure and hypertension.
Use of eplerenone in combination with an angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) inhibitor for treating hypertension.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

LETAIRIS [Ambrisentan^{C₂₂H₂₂N₂O₄}]

10mg (oral tablet)

5mg (oral tablet)

Gilead^{Jun 15, 2007}

For the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) in combination with tadalafil, wherein the weight ratio of ambrisentan to tadalafil is about 1:2 to about 1:3.
For the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (pah) in combination with tadalafil.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

LOTREL [Amlodipine Besylate^{C₂₀H₂₅ClN₂O₅C₆H₆O₃S} : Benazepril Hydrochloride^{C₂₄H₂₈N₂O₅ClH}]

eq 10mg base : 20mg (oral capsule)

eq 10mg base : 40mg (oral capsule)

eq 2.5mg base : 10mg (oral capsule)

eq 5mg base : 10mg (oral capsule)

eq 5mg base : 20mg (oral capsule)

eq 5mg base : 40mg (oral capsule)

Novartis^{Jun 20, 2002}

Method of treating hypertension.
Treatment of cardiovascular disorders.

LUMIGAN [Bimatoprost^{C₂₅H₃₇NO₄}]

0.01% (ophthalmic solution/drops)

Allergan^{Aug 31, 2010}

A method of lowering intraocular pressure in a patient with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
A method of lowering intraocular pressure.
A method of reducing intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
A method of treating a patient with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Method of treating glaucoma in a patient.
Method of treating glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure.
Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

OPSUMIT [Macitentan^{C₁₉H₂₀Br₂N₆O₄S}]

10mg (oral tablet)

Actelion Pharms Ltd^{Oct 18, 2013}

Method of treating pulmonary arterial hypertension by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising macitentan and a polysorbate, wherein the polysorbate represents 0.1 to 3% of the weight of said pharmaceutical composition.
Method of treating pulmonary arterial hypertension by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising macitentan and a polysorbate, wherin the polysorbate represents 0.1 to 1% of the weight of said pharmaceutical composition.
Method of treating pulmonary hypertension comprising administering macitentan in combination with a compound having phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitory properties.

ORENITRAM [Treprostinil Diolamine^{C₂₃H₃₄O₅C₄H₁₁NO₂}]

eq 0.125mg base (oral tablet, extended release)

eq 0.25mg base (oral tablet, extended release)

eq 1mg base (oral tablet, extended release)

eq 2.5mg base (oral tablet, extended release)

eq 5mg base (oral tablet, extended release)

United Therap^{Dec 20, 2013}

Method of treating pulmonary hypertension by orally administering a formulation of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of treprostinil.
Use of orenitram for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) (who group 1)..

PRESTALIA [Amlodipine Besylate^{C₂₀H₂₅ClN₂O₅C₆H₆O₃S} : Perindopril Arginine^{C₁₉H₃₂N₂O₅C₆H₁₄N₄O₂}]

eq 10mg base : 14mg (oral tablet)

eq 2.5mg base : 3.5mg (oral tablet)

eq 5mg base : 7mg (oral tablet)

Symplmed Pharms Llc^{Jan 21, 2015}

Treatment of hypertension.

QBRELIS [Lisinopril^{C₂₁H₃₁N₃O₅2H₂O}]

1mg/ml (oral solution)

Silvergate Pharms^{Jul 29, 2016}

Acute myocardial infarction.
Method of treating hypertension.
Method of treatment of heart failure.
Reduction of mortality in acute mycardial infarction.
Treatment of heart failure.
Treatment of hypertension.
Treatment of myocardial infarction.

SIMBRINZA [Brimonidine Tartrate^{C₁₁H₁₀BrN₅C₄H₆O₆} : Brinzolamide^{C₁₂H₂₁N₃O₅S₃}]

0.2% : 1% (ophthalmic suspension/drops)

Novartis Pharms Corp^{Apr 19, 2013}

Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

TEKTURNA [Aliskiren Hemifumarate^{2C₃₀H₅₃N₃O₆C₄H₄O₄}]

eq 150mg base (oral tablet)

eq 300mg base (oral tablet)

Noden Pharma^{Mar 5, 2007}

Treatment of hypertension.

TEKTURNA HCT [Aliskiren Hemifumarate^{2C₃₀H₅₃N₃O₆C₄H₄O₄} : Hydrochlorothiazide^{C₇H₈ClN₃O₄S₂}]

eq 150mg base : 12.5mg (oral tablet)

eq 150mg base : 25mg (oral tablet)

eq 300mg base : 12.5mg (oral tablet)

eq 300mg base : 25mg (oral tablet)

Noden Pharma^{Jan 18, 2008}

Treatment of hypertension.

TYVASO [Treprostinil^{C₂₃H₃₄O₅}]

0.6mg/ml (inhalation solution)

United Therap^{Jul 30, 2009}

Method of treating pulmonary hypertension by administering treprostinil or a salt thereof by inhalation using a device.
Treatment of pulmonary hypertension by inhalation.

UPTRAVI [Selexipag^{C₂₆H₃₂N₄O₄S}]

0.2mg (oral tablet)

0.4mg (oral tablet)

0.6mg (oral tablet)

0.8mg (oral tablet)

1.2mg (oral tablet)

1.4mg (oral tablet)

1.6mg (oral tablet)

1mg (oral tablet)

Actelion Pharms Ltd^{Dec 21, 2015}

Method of treating pulmonary arterial hypertension comprising administering a crystalline form of selexipag.
Method of treating pulmonary arterial hypertension comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising selexipag.
Method of treating pulmonary arterial hypertension comprising administering selexipag in combination with the endothelin receptor antagonist macitentan.

ZIOPTAN [Tafluprost^{C₂₅H₃₄F₂O₅}]

0.0015% (ophthalmic solution/drops)

Oak Pharms Inc^{Feb 10, 2012}

Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

WARNING: Consult a licensed physician in the appropriate field for medical treatment and drug prescription. Do not self medicate.

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Hypertension

Hypertension FDA Approved Drugs