Diabetes

Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. With type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin. With type 2 diabetes, the more common type, your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in your blood. You can also have prediabetes. This means that your blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes. Having prediabetes puts you at a higher risk of getting type 2 diabetes.

Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause serious problems. It can damage your eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Diabetes can also cause heart disease, stroke and even the need to remove a limb. Pregnant women can also get diabetes, called gestational diabetes.

Blood tests can show if you have diabetes. One type of test, the A1C, can also check on how you are managing your diabetes. Exercise, weight control and sticking to your meal plan can help control your diabetes. You should also monitor your blood glucose level and take medicine if prescribed.

NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Diabetes FDA Approved Drugs

ACTOPLUS MET XR [Metformin Hydrochloride^{C₄H₁₁N₅ClH} : Pioglitazone Hydrochloride^{C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₃SClH}]

1gm : eq 15mg base (oral tablet, extended release)

1gm : eq 30mg base (oral tablet, extended release)

Takeda Pharms Usa^{May 12, 2009}

Adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are already treated with pioglitazone and metformin or who have inadequate glycemic control on pioglitazone or metformin alone.
Adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes who are already treated with a pioglitazone and metformin.
To reduce gastrointestinal side effects administer with a meal; as starting dose administer once daily with evening meal.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

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Mar 12th

ADLYXIN [Lixisenatide]

0.15mg/3ml (0.05mg/ml) (subcutaneous solution)

0.3mg/3ml (0.1mg/ml) (subcutaneous solution)

Sanofi-aventis Us^{Jul 27, 2016}

Combination treatment with a glitazone for improvement of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Improvement in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by use of a pen injector.

efficacy
4.0 (1)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

AFREZZA [Insulin Recombinant Human]

12 units/inh (inhalation powder)

4 units/inh (inhalation powder)

8 units/inh (inhalation powder)

Mannkind^{Apr 17, 2015}

Administration of a composition comprising insulin complexed with a diketopiperazine..
Administration of a composition comprising insulin complexed with microparticles of a diketopiperazine..
Administration of fdkp microparticles comprising insulin..
Method of aerosolizing/deagglomerating an insulin dry powder for use in treating diabetes mellitus via oral inhalation using an inhaler with a cartridge containing the insulin dry powder..
Method of controlling glycemia in diabetics by administering an initial dose of insulin-fdkp with a meal; determining blood glucose level 1-2 hrs after and administering a supplemental dose of insulin-fdkp if postprandial glucose level is >140 mg/dl.
Method of delivering to a patient with diabetes mellitus in a single inhalation, greater than 75% of a dry powder dose comprising insulin and fumaryl diketopiperazine using a high resistance to flow dry powder inhaler..
Pulmonary administration of a compisition comprising insulin bound to a diketopiperazine..
Pulmonary administration of a composition comprising insulin bound to a complexing agent..
Pulmonary administration of an insulin composition comprising fdkp at the beginning of a meal to a patient also being treated with a long-acting insulin..
Treatment of a patient having diabetes mellitus with a prandial rapid acting insulin..
Treatment of diabetes mellitus with an inhaled insulin to improve glycemic control using a dry powder inhalation system comprising an inhaler, a cartridge and a dry powder medicament comprising insulin in a single inhalation.
Treatment of patient having diabetes mellitus via oral inhalation of fdkp microparticles comprising insulin.
Use of an inhaler to administer dry powder medicament.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

APIDRA [Insulin Glulisine Recombinant]

1000 units/10ml (100 units/ml) (iv (infusion), subcutaneous injectable)

300 units/3ml (100 units/ml) (iv (infusion), subcutaneous injectable)

Sanofi Aventis Us^{Apr 16, 2004}

Improvement in glycemic control in diabetes mellitus patients by use of a pen injector with a threaded drive sleeve.
Method of treating a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

APIDRA SOLOSTAR [Insulin Glulisine Recombinant]

300 units/3ml (subcutaneous injectable)

Sanofi Aventis Us^{Feb 24, 2009}

Improvement in glycemic control in diabetes mellitus patients by use of a pen injector with a threaded drive sleeve.
Method of treating a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

AVANDIA [Rosiglitazone Maleate^{C₁₈H₁₉N₃O₃SC₄H₄O₄}]

eq 2mg base (oral tablet)

eq 4mg base (oral tablet)

eq 8mg base (oral tablet)

Sb Pharmco^{May 25, 1999}

Method of treatment of type ii diabetes.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

BYDUREON [Exenatide Synthetic]

2mg/vial (subcutaneous for suspension, extended release)

Astrazeneca Ab^{Jan 27, 2012}

As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Lowering plasma glucagon in a subject in need thereof, including one with type 2 diabetes, by administering an exendin or analog, such as exendin-4.
Method for treating type 2 diabetes using a sustained-release composition containing exenatide.
Reducing food intake in a subject with type 2 diabetes by administering an exendin, such as exendin-4.
Reducing gastric motility or delaying gastric emptying by administering an exendin, such as exendin-4.
Reductions in body weight are observed with exenatide.
Treating type 2 diabetes mellitus with exenatide by stimulating insulin release.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

BYDUREON PEN [Exenatide Synthetic]

2mg (subcutaneous for suspension, extended release)

Astrazeneca Ab^{Feb 28, 2014}

As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Lowering plasma glucagon in a subject in need thereof, including one with type 2 diabetes, by administering an exendin or analog, such as exendin-4.
Method for treating type 2 diabetes using a sustained-release composition containing exenatide.
Reducing food intake in a subject with type 2 diabetes by administering an exendin, such as exendin-4.
Reducing gastric motility or delaying gastric emptying by administering an exendin, such as exendin-4.
Reductions in body weight are observed with exenatide.
Treating type 2 diabetes mellitus with exenatide by stimulating insulin release.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

BYETTA [Exenatide Synthetic]

300mcg/1.2ml (250mcg/ml) (subcutaneous injectable)

600mcg/2.4ml (250mcg/ml) (subcutaneous injectable)

Astrazeneca Ab^{Apr 28, 2005}

Lowering plasma glucagon in a subject in need thereof, including one with type 2 diabetes, by administering an exendin or analog, such as exendin-4.
Reducing food intake in a subject with type 2 diabetes by administering an exendin, such as exendin-4.
Reducing gastric motility or delaying gastric emptying by administering an exendin, such as exendin-4.
Stimulating insulin release by administering exenatide.
Treating type 2 diabetes mellitus with exenatide by stimulating insulin release.
Use of exenatide may result in reduction in appetite..
Use of exenatide may result in reduction in body weight.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

CYCLOSET [Bromocriptine Mesylate^{C₃₂H₄₀BrN₅O₅CH₄O₃S}]

eq 0.8mg base (oral tablet)

Veroscience^{May 5, 2009}

Administration once daily within two hours after waking in the morning for improvement of glycemic control in a type 2 diabetes patient.
Improvement of glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Improvements of glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes who have one or more specified cardiovascular risk factors.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes by administering bromocriptine mesylate and a first-phase insulin secretagogue wherein the combined therapeutic effect is greater than the additive effect of administering each agent alone.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

DUETACT [Glimepiride^{C₂₄H₃₄N₄O₅S} : Pioglitazone Hydrochloride^{C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₃SClH}]

2mg : 30mg (oral tablet)

4mg : 30mg (oral tablet)

Takeda Pharms Usa^{Jul 28, 2006}

As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

FARXIGA [Dapagliflozin Propanediol^{C₂₁H₂₅ClO₆C₃H₈O₂H₂O}]

eq 10mg base (oral tablet)

eq 5mg base (oral tablet)

Astrazeneca Ab^{Jan 8, 2014}

Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a patient, wherein glycemic control (hba1c < 7.0%) is not achievable using one or more of insulin, metformin, pioglitazone, or rosiglitazone.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

GLUCOPHAGE XR [Metformin Hydrochloride^{C₄H₁₁N₅ClH}]

500mg (oral tablet, extended release)

750mg (oral tablet, extended release)

Bristol Myers Squibb^{Oct 13, 2000}

Method of treating patient with type 2 diabetes by once daily administration.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

GLUCOVANCE [Glyburide^{C₂₃H₂₈ClN₃O₅S} : Metformin Hydrochloride^{C₄H₁₁N₅ClH}]

2.5mg : 500mg (oral tablet)

Bristol Myers Squibb^{Jul 31, 2000}

Treatment of type 2 diabetes.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

GLUMETZA [Metformin Hydrochloride^{C₄H₁₁N₅ClH}]

1gm (oral tablet, extended release)

500mg (oral tablet, extended release)

Santarus Inc^{Jun 3, 2005}

Indication of type ii diabetes.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

GLYXAMBI [Empagliflozin^{C₂₃H₂₇ClO₇} : Linagliptin^{C₂₅H₂₈N₈O₂}]

10mg : 5mg (oral tablet)

25mg : 5mg (oral tablet)

Boehringer Ingelheim^{Jan 30, 2015}

Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering linagliptin in combination with empagliflozin (with or without insulin or a sulfonylurea).
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering linagliptin in combination with empagliflozin (with or without metformin).
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering linagliptin in combination with empagliflozin and metformin.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering linagliptin in combination with empagliflozin.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

INVOKAMET [Canagliflozin^{2C₂₄H₂₅FO₅SH₂O} : Metformin Hydrochloride^{C₄H₁₁N₅ClH}]

150mg : 1gm (oral tablet)

150mg : 500mg (oral tablet)

Janssen Pharms^{Aug 8, 2014}

Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

INVOKAMET XR [Canagliflozin^{2C₂₄H₂₅FO₅SH₂O} : Metformin Hydrochloride^{C₄H₁₁N₅ClH}]

150mg : 1gm (oral tablet, extended release)

150mg : 500mg (oral tablet, extended release)

Janssen Pharms^{Sep 20, 2016}

Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

INVOKANA [Canagliflozin^{2C₂₄H₂₅FO₅SH₂O}]

100mg (oral tablet)

300mg (oral tablet)

Janssen Pharms^{Mar 29, 2013}

Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

JANUMET [Metformin Hydrochloride^{C₄H₁₁N₅ClH} : Sitagliptin Phosphate^{C₁₆H₁₅F₆N₅OH₂OH₃O₄P}]

1gm : eq 50mg base (oral tablet)

500mg : eq 50mg base (oral tablet)

Merck Sharp Dohme^{Mar 30, 2007}

Improvement of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in combination with insulin.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in combination with metformin and a ppar-gamma agonist.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-iv inhibitor in combination with metformin.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-iv inhibitor.

JANUMET XR [Metformin Hydrochloride^{C₄H₁₁N₅ClH} : Sitagliptin Phosphate^{C₁₆H₁₅F₆N₅OH₂OH₃O₄P}]

1gm : eq 100mg base (oral tablet, extended release)

1gm : eq 50mg base (oral tablet, extended release)

500mg : eq 50mg base (oral tablet, extended release)

Merck Sharp Dohme^{Feb 2, 2012}

Improvement of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients for whom treatment with both sitagliptin and metformin hcl extended release is appropriate.

JANUVIA [Sitagliptin Phosphate^{C₁₆H₁₅F₆N₅OH₂OH₃O₄P}]

eq 100mg base (oral tablet)

eq 25mg base (oral tablet)

eq 50mg base (oral tablet)

Merck Sharp Dohme^{Oct 16, 2006}

Improvement of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with metformin and/or a ppar-gamma agonist and/or sulfonylurea and/or insulin.
Improvement of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with metformin..
Improvement of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in combination with insulin.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in combination with metformin and a ppar-gamma agonist.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-iv inhibitor in combination with a ppar-gamma agonist.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-iv inhibitor in combination with metformin and/or a sulfonylurea.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-iv inhibitor.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidaste-iv inhibitor.

JARDIANCE [Empagliflozin^{C₂₃H₂₇ClO₇}]

10mg (oral tablet)

25mg (oral tablet)

Boehringer Ingelheim^{Aug 1, 2014}

Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering linagliptin in combination with empagliflozin.

JENTADUETO [Linagliptin^{C₂₅H₂₈N₈O₂} : Metformin Hydrochloride^{C₄H₁₁N₅ClH}]

2.5mg : 1gm (oral tablet)

2.5mg : 500mg (oral tablet)

2.5mg : 850mg (oral tablet)

Boehringer Ingelheim^{Jan 30, 2012}

Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in combination with metformin.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-iv inhibitor in combination with metformin and/or a sulfonylurea.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-iv inhibitor.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering linagliptin in combination with metformin.

JENTADUETO XR [Linagliptin^{C₂₅H₂₈N₈O₂} : Metformin Hydrochloride^{C₄H₁₁N₅ClH}]

2.5mg : 1gm (oral tablet, extended release)

Boehringer Ingelheim^{May 27, 2016}

Method of treating type 2 diabetes in patients who have not been previously treated with an antihyperglycemic agent by administering linagliptin in combination with metformin.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes in patients with insufficient glycemic control despite therapy with one or more conventional antihyperglycemic agents by administering linagliptin in combination with metformin.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-iv inhibitor in combination with metformin and, optionally, a sulfonylurea.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-iv inhibitor in combination with metformin.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-iv inhibitor.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering linagliptin in combination with metformin.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes.

KAZANO [Alogliptin Benzoate^{C₁₈H₂₁N₅O₂C₇H₆O₂} : Metformin Hydrochloride^{C₄H₁₁N₅ClH}]

eq 12.5mg base : 1gm (oral tablet)

eq 12.5mg base : 500mg (oral tablet)

Takeda Pharms Usa^{Jan 25, 2013}

Method of treating diabetes comprising administering a compound such as alogliptin.
Method of treating diabetes comprising administering alogliptin.
Methods of lowering elevated post prandial blood glucose levels comprising administering a dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor.
Methods of modifying glucose metabolism and treating diabetes comprising administering a dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor and one or more other therapeutic agents such as metformin.
Methods of reducing the side effects of active components administered to a diabetic patient comprising administering an insulin sensitivity enhancer such as pioglitazone in combination with an insulin secretion enhancer.
Methods of treating diabetes comprising administering a dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor and metformin.

KOMBIGLYZE XR [Metformin Hydrochloride^{C₄H₁₁N₅ClH} : Saxagliptin Hydrochloride^{C₁₈H₂₅N₃O₂ClH}]

1gm : eq 2.5mg base (oral tablet, extended release)

1gm : eq 5mg base (oral tablet, extended release)

500mg : eq 5mg base (oral tablet, extended release)

Astrazeneca Ab^{Nov 5, 2010}

Adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus when treatment with both saxagliptin and metformin is appropriate.
Method for treating type ii diabetes mellitus by administering saxagliptin in combination with metformin.

LANTUS [Insulin Glargine Recombinant]

100 units/ml (injection injectable)

Sanofi Aventis Us^{Apr 20, 2000}

Improvement in glycemic control in diabetes mellitus patients by use of a pen injector with a threaded drive sleeve.

LANTUS SOLOSTAR [Insulin Glargine Recombinant]

300 units/3ml (100 units/ml) (injection injectable)

Sanofi Aventis Us^{Apr 27, 2007}

Improvement in glycemic control in diabetes mellitus patients by use of a pen injector with a threaded drive sleeve.

LEVEMIR [Insulin Detemir Recombinant]

1000 units/10ml (100 units/ml) (subcutaneous injectable)

Novo Nordisk Inc^{Jun 16, 2005}

Levemir is a long-acting basal insulin analog that is indicated in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus.

LEVEMIR FLEXTOUCH [Insulin Detemir Recombinant]

300 units/3ml (100 units/ml) (subcutaneous injectable)

Novo Nordisk Inc^{Oct 31, 2013}

Levemir is a long-acting basal insulin analog that is indicated in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus.

NESINA [Alogliptin Benzoate^{C₁₈H₂₁N₅O₂C₇H₆O₂}]

eq 12.5mg base (oral tablet)

eq 25mg base (oral tablet)

eq 6.25mg base (oral tablet)

Takeda Pharms Usa^{Jan 25, 2013}

Method of treating diabetes comprising administering a compound such as alogliptin.
Method of treating diabetes comprising administering alogliptin.
Methods of lowering elevated post prandial blood glucose levels comprising administering a dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor.
Methods of modifying glucose metabolism and treating diabetes comprising administering a dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor and one or more other therapeutic agents such as metformin.
Methods of reducing the side effects of active components administered to a diabetic patient comprising administering an insulin sensitivity enhancer such as pioglitazone in combination with an insulin secretion enhancer.
Methods of treating diabetes comprising administering a dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor and metformin.

ONGLYZA [Saxagliptin Hydrochloride^{C₁₈H₂₅N₃O₂ClH}]

eq 2.5mg base (oral tablet)

eq 5mg base (oral tablet)

Astrazeneca Ab^{Jul 31, 2009}

Method for treating type ii diabetes by administering saxagliptin.
Method for treating type ii diabetes mellitus by administering saxagliptin alone or in combination with insulin, metformin, a thiazolidinedione, glyburide or metformin plus a sulfonylurea.

OSENI [Alogliptin Benzoate^{C₁₈H₂₁N₅O₂C₇H₆O₂} : Pioglitazone Hydrochloride^{C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₃SClH}]

eq 12.5mg base : eq 15mg base (oral tablet)

eq 12.5mg base : eq 30mg base (oral tablet)

eq 12.5mg base : eq 45mg base (oral tablet)

eq 25mg base : eq 15mg base (oral tablet)

eq 25mg base : eq 30mg base (oral tablet)

eq 25mg base : eq 45mg base (oral tablet)

Takeda Pharms Usa^{Jan 25, 2013}

Method of treating diabetes comprising administering a compound such as alogliptin.
Method of treating diabetes comprising administering alogliptin.
Methods of lowering elevated post prandial blood glucose levels comprising administering a dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor.
Methods of modifying glucose metabolism and treating diabetes comprising administering a dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor and one or more other therapeutic agents such as metformin.
Methods of reducing the side effects of active components administered to a diabetic patient comprising administering an insulin sensitivity enhancer such as pioglitazone in combination with an insulin secretion enhancer.
Methods of treating diabetes comprising administering an insulin sensitivity enhancer such as pioglitazone in combination with an insulin secretion enhancer.
Methods of treating diabetes comprising administering a dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor and metformin.

QTERN [Dapagliflozin Propanediol^{C₂₁H₂₅ClO₆C₃H₈O₂H₂O} : Saxagliptin Hydrochloride^{C₁₈H₂₅N₃O₂ClH}]

eq 10mg base : eq 5mg base (oral tablet)

Astrazeneca Ab^{Feb 27, 2017}

Method for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) in patients who are already treated with dapagliflozin and saxagliptin.
Method for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) in patients who have inadequate control with dapagliflozin.

SOLIQUA 100/33 [Insulin Glargine^{C₂₆₇H₄₀₄N₇₂O₇₈S₆} : Lixisenatide]

300 units/3ml : 99mcg/3ml (100 units/ml : 33mcg/ml) (subcutaneous solution)

Sanofi-aventis Us^{Nov 21, 2016}

Improvement in glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by basal insulin or lixisenatide by use of a pen injector with a threaded drive sleeve.

STARLIX [Nateglinide^{C₁₉H₂₇NO₃}]

120mg (oral tablet)

60mg (oral tablet)

Novartis^{Dec 22, 2000}

Use as a blood glucose-lowering agent.
Use for treatment of diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes.

SYMLIN [Pramlintide Acetate^{C₁₇₁H₂₆₇N₅₁O₅₃S₂C₂H₄O₂H₂O}]

eq 1.5mg base/1.5ml (eq 1mg base/ml) (subcutaneous injectable)

eq 2.7mg base/2.7ml (eq 1mg base/ml) (subcutaneous injectable)

Astrazeneca Ab^{Sep 25, 2007}

Treatment of diabetes with an amylin agonist, including with insulin.
Treatment of diabetes with an amylin agonist.
Use of an amylin agonist to reduce gastric motility and treat post prandial hypergylcemia.

TOUJEO SOLOSTAR [Insulin Glargine Recombinant]

300 units/ml (300 units/ml) (subcutaneous solution)

Sanofi Us Services^{Feb 25, 2015}

Improvement in glycemic control in diabetes mellitus patients by use of a pen injector with a threaded drive sleeve.
Improvement in glycemic control in diabetes mellitus patients.

TRADJENTA [Linagliptin^{C₂₅H₂₈N₈O₂}]

5mg (oral tablet)

Boehringer Ingelheim^{May 2, 2011}

Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in combination with pioglitazone.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in combination with sulfonlyurea.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase-iv inhibitor in combination with metformin and/or a sulfonylurea.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering a dipeptidyl peptidaste-iv inhibitor.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering linagliptin in combination with insulin (with or without metformin and/or pioglitazone).
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering linagliptin in combination with metformin.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by administering linagliptin.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with severe chronic renal impairment and for whom metformin therapy is inappropriate by administering linagliptin.
Method of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with severe chronic renal impairment and who are ineligible for metformin therapy by administering linagliptin.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

VICTOZA [Liraglutide Recombinant]

18mg/3ml (6mg/ml) (subcutaneous solution)

Novo Nordisk Inc^{Jan 25, 2010}

A method for improving glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

WELCHOL [Colesevelam Hydrochloride^{(C₁₃H₂₇N)n(C₁₂H₂₇ClN₂)n(C₉H₁₈N₂O)n(C₃H₇N)nClH}]

1.875gm/packet (oral for suspension)

3.75gm/packet (oral for suspension)

625mg (oral tablet)

Daiichi Sankyo^{Oct 2, 2009}

Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

XIGDUO XR [Dapagliflozin Propanediol^{C₂₁H₂₅ClO₆C₃H₈O₂H₂O} : Metformin Hydrochloride^{C₄H₁₁N₅ClH}]

eq 10mg base : 1gm (oral tablet, extended release)

eq 10mg base : 500mg (oral tablet, extended release)

eq 5mg base : 1gm (oral tablet, extended release)

eq 5mg base : 500mg (oral tablet, extended release)

Astrazeneca Ab^{Oct 29, 2014}

Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a patient, wherein glycemic control (hba1c < 7.0%) is not achievable using one or more of insulin, metformin, pioglitazone, or rosiglitazone.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

WARNING: Consult a licensed physician in the appropriate field for medical treatment and drug prescription. Do not self medicate.

WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.

Felter's Materia Medica on Diabetes

AGARICUS (Amanita muscaria)
The fungus Amanita muscaria, Persoon; (Agaricus muscarius, Linné.) (Nat. Ord. Fungi.) An extremely poisonous fungus found in the pine forests of... / ... and profuse sweating in the daytime; and to restrain the excess of urine in polyuria, or so-called diabetes insipidus. Scudder suggested a tincture of the fresh fungus for involuntary twitching of ... / ...by Eclectic practitioners. Muscarine is used in atropine and belladonna poisoning, sometimes being employed in place of eserine (physostigmine). ¹

AVENA SATIVA
The unripe seed of the Avena sativa, Linné, and the farina derived from the ripened seed (Nat. Ord. Graminaceae). Probably indigenous to Sicily... / ...t should be about the consistence of milk. Oatmeal gruel, when not otherwise contraindicated, as in diabetes mellitus or amylaceous indigestion, is an excellent and easily digested food in convalescen... / ...off the habit has not been sustained. In our own experience we have utterly failed to accomplish any good with it in any form of drug habit. ¹

CHIONANTHUS
...ome effect upon the functions of the pancreas, it is probably of little value in that worst form of diabetes mellitus in which the cells of Langerhans are destroyed. It should be given renewed study i......sity and when sugar intolerance alone, and not starch disturbances, create what so often passes for diabetes. These are rather prediabetic conditions, if tending in that direction at all, but even if ...¹

ERIGERON^ERAR32
The whole plant of Erigeron canadense, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). A common and troublesome weed through the northern and central parts of the... / ...ive hemorrhage is present. It has restrained the pathologic flow of urine in polyuria, or so-called diabetes insipidus. The oil of erigeron is a good internal hemostatic. It sometimes checks quite sev... / ...Given in syrup it is useful as a cough medicine when there is bloody expectoration.¹

LYCOPUS^LYSH2
...ion; albuminuria with the above characteristic circulatory disturbances; polyuria and some cases of diabetes with rapid heart action. Therapy.Lycopus is sedative, subastringent, and tonic. No other ......exaggerated force of the heart. It has been ill-advised, and is largely over-rated, for the cure of diabetes and the relief of chronic nephritis. The most it can do in these conditions is to allay unp...¹

RHUS AROMATICA
...ht it to have a restraining effect both upon the hypersecretion of urine and the output of sugar in diabetes. Apparently it is only in exceptional cases that it displays this power, and too much relia......h reliance should not be placed upon it in severe cases. As an aid to control some of the phases of diabetes, as excessive urination, it should be used in conjunction with other approved methods. Whil...¹

Physician's Materia Medica on Diabetes

ACID GALLIC
Astringent but not locally hemostatic, Prescribed in diarrheas, in atonic albuminuria, in hematuria, colliquative sweats, diabetes insipidus (combined with opium) and in internal hemorrhages. Ap plied locally in ointments in hemorrhoids and for unhealthy ulcers. Dose, 0.2 to 1.0 Grm. (3 to 15 grs.)²

GLYCERlN
A dense fluid remarkable for its strong aflinity for moisture. It is hence of great use as a local depletant, especially to mucous membranes. It is thus applied to the cervix uteri to relieve conges tion and on a similar principle is used in the form of suppositories to cause the bowels to move. In diabetes mellitus, it is sometimes used in place of sugar as a sweetening agent in articles of food.²

JAMBUL
The seeds of EUGENIA JAMBOLANA, Lam. Astringent, antizymotic; a remedy of great value in some forms of diabetes mellitus, greatly diminishing the excretion of sugar.²

PHENACETIN
A derivative of NITRO-PHENOL. Analgesic. antipyretic. Prescribed for relief of pain in acute rheumatism, sciatica, gastralgia, migraine, dysmenorrhea, neuralgia. etc.; to reduce temperature and promote diaphoresis in fevers, and for a specific influence in diabetes. Dose, 0.12 to 0.60 Grm. (2 to 10 grs.).²

ZINC VALERIANATE
Antispasmodic, nervine. Prescribed in neuralgia, nervous head ache, hysteria, whooping cough and diabetes insipidus. Dose, 0.06 to 0.12 Grm. (1 to 2 grs.).²

Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on Diabetes

DIABETES INSIPIDUS
If dependent on vaso-motor relaxation, ergot, extract suprarenal glands; astringents, particularly gallic acid and rhus aromatica. If due to nervous irritability, belladonna, nervines, bromides. Tonics are generally indicated, particularly iron and strychnine.²

DIABETES MELLITUS
Exclude sugar and starch as far as possible from the diet, but do not starve the patient. The remedies most likely to be useful are; Solution Gold and Arsenic Bromide, Fl. Ext. J ambul seed, morphine o_r codeine (particularly Tablets of Codeine without sugar); in gouty cases, colchicine, iodides, lithium salts, and arsenic; in rheumatic cases, salicylic acid, salicylates, potassium iodide. Other remedies are methylene blue (2 to 5 grs. three times a day), uranium nitrate (2 grs. increased gradua...²

References

1) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
2) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.

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Felter's Materia Medica on Diabetes

Physician's Materia Medica on Diabetes

Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on Diabetes

References