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What are heart valve diseases?
Heart valve disease happens when one or more of your heart valves don't work well.
Your heart has four valves: the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves. The valves have flaps that open and close. The flaps make sure that blood flows in the right direction through your heart and to the rest of your body. When your heart beats, the flaps open to let blood through. Between heartbeats they close to stop the blood from flowing backwards.
If one or more of your heart valves doesn't open or close correctly, it can affect your blood flow and strain your heart. Fortunately, treatment helps most valve diseases.
What are the types of heart valve diseases?Heart valves can have three basic kinds of problems:
- Regurgitation, or backflow, happens when the flaps of a valve don't close tightly. This allows the blood to leak backwards. A common cause of regurgitation is prolapse, where the flaps of the valve flop or bulge back. Prolapse most often affects the mitral valve.
- Stenosis happens when the flaps of a valve become thick, stiff, or stuck together. This prevents the heart valve from opening all the way. Not enough blood can pass through the valve. Aortic valve stenosis is a common type of stenosis. It affects the valve that controls blood flow into the large artery that carries blood out of the heart to the body.
- Atresia happens when a heart valve did not form properly and does not have an opening for blood to pass through.
Sometimes a valve can have both regurgitation and stenosis.
What causes heart valve diseases?Some people are born with heart valve disease. This is called congenital heart valve disease. It can happen alone or along with other congenital heart defects. Heart valve disease can also develop over time as you get older or have certain conditions that affect the heart.
Who is more likely to develop heart valve diseases?Your chance of having heart valve disease is higher if:
- You are older. With age, the heart valves can become thick and stiff.
- You have or have had other conditions that affect your heart and blood vessels. These include:
- Rheumatic fever. An untreated strep throat can become rheumatic fever, which can harm the heart valves. The damage may not show up for years. Today, most people take antibiotics to cure strep throat before it can cause heart valve damage.
- Endocarditis. This is a rare infection in the lining of the heart and heart valves. It is usually caused by bacteria in the bloodstream.
- A heart attack.
- Heart failure.
- Coronary artery disease, especially when it affects the aorta (the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the body).
- High blood pressure.
- High blood cholesterol.
- Diabetes.
- Obesity and overweight.
- Lack of physical activity.
- A family history of early heart disease:
- A father or brother who had heart disease younger than 55.
- A mother or sister who had heart disease younger than 65.
- You were born with an aortic valve that wasn't formed right. Sometimes this will cause problems right away. Other times, the valve may work well enough for years before causing problems.
Many people live their whole lives with a heart valve that doesn't work perfectly and never have any problems. But heart valve disease may get worse slowly over time. You may develop signs and symptoms, such as:
- Shortness of breath (feeling like you can't get enough air)
- Fatigue
- Swelling in your feet, ankles, abdomen (belly), or the veins in your neck
- Chest pain when you're physically active
- Arrhythmia, a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat
- Dizziness or fainting
If you don't get treatment for heart valve disease, the symptoms and strain on your heart may keep getting worse.
What other problems can heart valve diseases cause?When the valves don't work well, your heart has to pump harder to get enough blood out to the body. Without treatment, this extra workload on your heart can lead to:
- Heart failure
- Stroke
- Blood clots
- Sudden cardiac arrest or death
Your health care provider may listen to your heart with a stethoscope and hear that your heart makes abnormal sounds, such as a click or a heart murmur. These sounds may mean a valve isn't working normally. The provider will usually refer you to a cardiologist, a doctor who specializes in heart diseases.
The doctor will also listen to your heart and will do a physical exam. You will also likely need to have one or more heart tests.
What are the treatments for heart valve diseases?Most heart valve problems can be treated successfully. Treatment may include:
- Medicines to control your symptoms and keep your heart pumping well
- Heart-healthy lifestyle changes to treat other related heart conditions
- Surgery to repair or replace a valve
It's possible that you may need surgery, even if you don't have symptoms. Fixing the valve can help can prevent future heart problems.
There are many ways to do heart valve surgery. You and your doctor can decide what's best for you, based on your valve problem and general health. Heart valve repair surgery has fewer risks than heart valve replacement. So, when repair is possible, it's preferred over valve replacement.
In some cases, valve replacement is necessary. There are 2 types of replacement valves:
- Biologic valves made from pig, cow, or human tissue. These valves tend to wear out after 10 to 15 years, but some may last longer.
- Mechanical (human-made) valves usually don't wear out. But with a mechanical valve, you usually have to take blood thinners for the rest of your life to prevent blood clots. And your risk of endocarditis (a heart infection) is higher than with a biologic valve.
NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
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BROMOCRIPTINE MESYLATE [Bromocriptine MesylateC32H40BrN5O5CH4O3S]
RX
- eq 2.5mg base (oral tablet)
eq 5mg base (oral capsule)
MylanSep 24, 2004
Paddock LlcOct 1, 2008
Sandoz IncJan 13, 1998
Zydus Pharms Usa IncJul 30, 2008
Paddock LlcOct 1, 2008
Sandoz IncJan 13, 1998
Zydus Pharms Usa IncJul 30, 2008
CYCLOSET [Bromocriptine MesylateC32H40BrN5O5CH4O3S]
RX
- eq 0.8mg base (oral tablet)
VeroscienceMay 5, 2009
- Administration once daily within two hours after waking in the morning for improvement of glycemic control in a type 2 diabetes patient.
- Improvement of glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
- Improvements of glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes who have one or more specified cardiovascular risk factors.
- Treatment of type 2 diabetes by administering bromocriptine mesylate and a first-phase insulin secretagogue wherein the combined therapeutic effect is greater than the additive effect of administering each agent alone.
PARLODEL [Bromocriptine MesylateC32H40BrN5O5CH4O3S]
RX
- eq 2.5mg base (oral tablet)
eq 5mg base (oral capsule)
Us Pharms Holdings IApproved Prior To Jan 1, 1982
WARNING: Consult a licensed physician in the appropriate field for medical treatment and drug prescription. Do not self medicate.
WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for reference only. Many of these treatments may be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field. The owner of this website will not be held liable for any injuries and deaths cause by following any home remedies. We have no control of what is posted.
Home Remedies for Close
PUFFY EYES
Tip a black tea bag into hot water for a minute or two, then cool in the refrigerator or freezer. Apply damp tea bags over closed eyes for approximately 10 minutes.Nobody | November 5th, 2017
Tip a black tea bag into hot water for a minute or two, then cool in the refrigerator or freezer. Apply damp tea bags over closed eyes for approximately 10 minutes.Nobody | November 5th, 2017
SCAR REDUCTION [fibrosis]
Apply coconut oil, cocoa butter, castor oil or vitamin E oil as soon as the wound closes.Jlaiii | August 12th, 2020
Apply coconut oil, cocoa butter, castor oil or vitamin E oil as soon as the wound closes.Jlaiii | August 12th, 2020
WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.
Felter's Materia Medica on Close
AGARICUS (Amanita muscaria)
The fungus Amanita muscaria, Persoon; (Agaricus muscarius, Linné.) (Nat. Ord. Fungi.) An extremely poisonous fungus found in the pine forests of... / ...olent peristalsis takes place, paralysis and death. Muscarine is the direct antagonist to atropine. Closely allied to Agaricus is Amanita phalloides, Fries or Death Cup. Common in the United States an... / ...by Eclectic practitioners. Muscarine is used in atropine and belladonna poisoning, sometimes being employed in place of eserine (physostigmine). 2
The fungus Amanita muscaria, Persoon; (Agaricus muscarius, Linné.) (Nat. Ord. Fungi.) An extremely poisonous fungus found in the pine forests of... / ...olent peristalsis takes place, paralysis and death. Muscarine is the direct antagonist to atropine. Closely allied to Agaricus is Amanita phalloides, Fries or Death Cup. Common in the United States an... / ...by Eclectic practitioners. Muscarine is used in atropine and belladonna poisoning, sometimes being employed in place of eserine (physostigmine). 2
AVENA SATIVA
The unripe seed of the Avena sativa, Linné, and the farina derived from the ripened seed (Nat. Ord. Graminaceae). Probably indigenous to Sicily... / ... regarded by many as a remedy of some importance for nervous debility, and for affections bordering closely upon nervous prostration. It seemingly acts well in the exhaustion following typhoid and oth... / ...off the habit has not been sustained. In our own experience we have utterly failed to accomplish any good with it in any form of drug habit. 2
The unripe seed of the Avena sativa, Linné, and the farina derived from the ripened seed (Nat. Ord. Graminaceae). Probably indigenous to Sicily... / ... regarded by many as a remedy of some importance for nervous debility, and for affections bordering closely upon nervous prostration. It seemingly acts well in the exhaustion following typhoid and oth... / ...off the habit has not been sustained. In our own experience we have utterly failed to accomplish any good with it in any form of drug habit. 2
CAPSICUM
The ripe fruit, dried, of Capsicum frutescens, Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). Tropical America; also cultivated in most tropical countries. Dose,... / ...decidedly irritant, causing dermal heat and redness. It does not vesicate, however, unless long and closely applied to the mucosa. The oleoresin is much more active and causes sharp burning pain and m...2
The ripe fruit, dried, of Capsicum frutescens, Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). Tropical America; also cultivated in most tropical countries. Dose,... / ...decidedly irritant, causing dermal heat and redness. It does not vesicate, however, unless long and closely applied to the mucosa. The oleoresin is much more active and causes sharp burning pain and m...2
CARBO LIGNI
Charcoal prepared by burning soft wood. It must be kept in tightly-closed vessels. Common Names: Charcoal, Wood Charcoal; Synonym: Carbo Vegetabilis. (Activated... / Charcoal prepared by burning soft wood. It must be kept in tightly-closed vessels. Common Names: Charcoal, Wood Charcoal; Synonym: Carbo Vegetabilis. (Activated Charco... / ...pulse is feeble, the belly-wall tumid and doughy, the tongue expressionless and pale with little coating and lenticular spots, or the coating may lift in patches.2
Charcoal prepared by burning soft wood. It must be kept in tightly-closed vessels. Common Names: Charcoal, Wood Charcoal; Synonym: Carbo Vegetabilis. (Activated... / Charcoal prepared by burning soft wood. It must be kept in tightly-closed vessels. Common Names: Charcoal, Wood Charcoal; Synonym: Carbo Vegetabilis. (Activated Charco... / ...pulse is feeble, the belly-wall tumid and doughy, the tongue expressionless and pale with little coating and lenticular spots, or the coating may lift in patches.2
CINCHONACINCH
I. Cinchona.-The dried bark of Cinchona Ledgeriana, Moens; Cinchona Calisaya, Weddell, and hybrids of these with other species of Cinchona... / ...asant excitement of the stomach and bowels, with retching and vomiting. It has occasioned symptoms closely resembling the paroxysms of intermittent fever, and produces a general state known as Cincho... / ...chronic suppuration; and to arrest profuse and debilitating night sweats in one suffering from general debility with poor recuperative powers.2
I. Cinchona.-The dried bark of Cinchona Ledgeriana, Moens; Cinchona Calisaya, Weddell, and hybrids of these with other species of Cinchona... / ...asant excitement of the stomach and bowels, with retching and vomiting. It has occasioned symptoms closely resembling the paroxysms of intermittent fever, and produces a general state known as Cincho... / ...chronic suppuration; and to arrest profuse and debilitating night sweats in one suffering from general debility with poor recuperative powers.2
CONVALLARIACONVA
The rhizome and rootlets of Convallaria majalis, Linné (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae.) Common Name: Lily of the Valley. Principal Constituents.Two... / ...h capillary obstruction. Action and Therapy.In its effects upon the human circulation convallaria closely resembles that of its more powerful congener, digitalis, without, however, causing the unple... / ...carditis and endocarditis, using it in fractional doses. Convallaria is of less service in stenosis of the aorta than in mitral disorders.2
The rhizome and rootlets of Convallaria majalis, Linné (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae.) Common Name: Lily of the Valley. Principal Constituents.Two... / ...h capillary obstruction. Action and Therapy.In its effects upon the human circulation convallaria closely resembles that of its more powerful congener, digitalis, without, however, causing the unple... / ...carditis and endocarditis, using it in fractional doses. Convallaria is of less service in stenosis of the aorta than in mitral disorders.2
DIGITALIS
The leaves of... / ...is purpurea, Linné (Nat. Ord. Scrophulariaceae), carefully dried and preserved away from light, in close containers. Europe; cultivated in Europe and to some extent in America. Dose, 1 to 2 grains. C... / ...pulse becomes very slow and irregular. The ventricle dilates more completely, thus prolonging the diastole; the systole becomes erratic in force,2
The leaves of... / ...is purpurea, Linné (Nat. Ord. Scrophulariaceae), carefully dried and preserved away from light, in close containers. Europe; cultivated in Europe and to some extent in America. Dose, 1 to 2 grains. C... / ...pulse becomes very slow and irregular. The ventricle dilates more completely, thus prolonging the diastole; the systole becomes erratic in force,2
DIOSCOREA
The rhizome of Dioscorea villosa, Linné (Nat. Ord. Dioscoreaceae). A vine found throughout the United States. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common... / ...es: Wild Yam, Colic Root. Principal Constituents.An acrid, alcohol-soluble resin, and a substance closely allied to saponin. Preparations.1. Decoctum Dioscoreae, Decoction of Dioscorea (Dioscorea,... / ...does not dissolve calculi. Usually, while there is much tenderness in cases requiring dioscorea, the distress is gradually relieved by pressure.2
The rhizome of Dioscorea villosa, Linné (Nat. Ord. Dioscoreaceae). A vine found throughout the United States. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common... / ...es: Wild Yam, Colic Root. Principal Constituents.An acrid, alcohol-soluble resin, and a substance closely allied to saponin. Preparations.1. Decoctum Dioscoreae, Decoction of Dioscorea (Dioscorea,... / ...does not dissolve calculi. Usually, while there is much tenderness in cases requiring dioscorea, the distress is gradually relieved by pressure.2
DULCAMARA. (Solanum dulcamara)SODU
The young branches of Solanum Dulcamara, Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). A vine common in Europe and the United States. Dose, 1 to 30... / ...l of the group of solanaceous drugs. It will be observed that the therapeutic uses of dulcamara are closely allied to those of belladonna, minus the profound impression derived from atropine. Dulcamar...2
The young branches of Solanum Dulcamara, Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). A vine common in Europe and the United States. Dose, 1 to 30... / ...l of the group of solanaceous drugs. It will be observed that the therapeutic uses of dulcamara are closely allied to those of belladonna, minus the profound impression derived from atropine. Dulcamar...2
EUONYMUS
The bark of the root of Euonymus atropurpureus, Jacquin (Nat. Ord. Celastraceae.). A small shrub or bush of the United States. Dose, 5 to 60... / ...ndian Arrow-wood, Burning Bush, Spindle Tree. Principal Constituents.A bitter glucoside euonymin, closely resembling digitalin; asparagin, and euonic acid. (Euonymin should not be confounded with th... / ...value it in so-called chronic ague, and in the constipation and gastric debility associated with or following it. Euonymus is a neglected bitter.2
The bark of the root of Euonymus atropurpureus, Jacquin (Nat. Ord. Celastraceae.). A small shrub or bush of the United States. Dose, 5 to 60... / ...ndian Arrow-wood, Burning Bush, Spindle Tree. Principal Constituents.A bitter glucoside euonymin, closely resembling digitalin; asparagin, and euonic acid. (Euonymin should not be confounded with th... / ...value it in so-called chronic ague, and in the constipation and gastric debility associated with or following it. Euonymus is a neglected bitter.2
GLUCOSUM
Glucose, Liquid Glucose, Syrupy Glucose. A syrupy liquid, composed chiefly of dextrose (dextro-glucose) and dextrin. It is obtained by the... / ...tion and Therapy.Glucose is an easily digested nutrient, fermentable, and comparing in food value closely to sugar. Diuretic properties have been ascribed to it, and it is said to protect against fa...2
Glucose, Liquid Glucose, Syrupy Glucose. A syrupy liquid, composed chiefly of dextrose (dextro-glucose) and dextrin. It is obtained by the... / ...tion and Therapy.Glucose is an easily digested nutrient, fermentable, and comparing in food value closely to sugar. Diuretic properties have been ascribed to it, and it is said to protect against fa...2
GLYCERINUM
Glycerin, Glycerol. A liquid composed most largely of a trihydric alcohol (C3H5(OH)3) obtained by the processes of hydrolysis and distillation of... / ...nctuousness without being greasy, its splendid and extensive solvent powers, its ability to hold in close contact to the tissues powders and other medicines that would dry and fall off if applied with... / ...A 5 per cent solution of phenol in glycerin upon cotton may be used for insertion into the aural canal after rupture of the membrana tympani wh2
Glycerin, Glycerol. A liquid composed most largely of a trihydric alcohol (C3H5(OH)3) obtained by the processes of hydrolysis and distillation of... / ...nctuousness without being greasy, its splendid and extensive solvent powers, its ability to hold in close contact to the tissues powders and other medicines that would dry and fall off if applied with... / ...A 5 per cent solution of phenol in glycerin upon cotton may be used for insertion into the aural canal after rupture of the membrana tympani wh2
HIPPOCASTANUM (Aesculus Hippocastanum)AEHI
The bark and fruit of Aesculus Hippocastanum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Sapindaceae). Asia and Europe; planted in United States. Dose (bark), 1 to 60... / ...congestion of the rectum. Action and Therapy.The action and therapeutic uses of hippocastanum are closely similar to those of Aesculus glabra, which see. By some it is believed to have a somewhat st... / ...is also in reflex disorders depending upon the rectal involvement-such as headache, spasmodic asthma, dyspnea dizziness, and disturbed digestion.2
The bark and fruit of Aesculus Hippocastanum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Sapindaceae). Asia and Europe; planted in United States. Dose (bark), 1 to 60... / ...congestion of the rectum. Action and Therapy.The action and therapeutic uses of hippocastanum are closely similar to those of Aesculus glabra, which see. By some it is believed to have a somewhat st... / ...is also in reflex disorders depending upon the rectal involvement-such as headache, spasmodic asthma, dyspnea dizziness, and disturbed digestion.2
HYOSCYAMUS
...ewhat as a check upon its associated hyoscyamine in the parent drug, the latter alkaloid being more closely allied to atropine in action. This check upon the latter makes hyoscyamus less excitant and ......respiration, and if in any case it must be given in full doses its effects upon breathing should be closely watched. The symptoms of poisoning by hyoscyamus and its alkaloids are sufficiently similar ...2
...ewhat as a check upon its associated hyoscyamine in the parent drug, the latter alkaloid being more closely allied to atropine in action. This check upon the latter makes hyoscyamus less excitant and ......respiration, and if in any case it must be given in full doses its effects upon breathing should be closely watched. The symptoms of poisoning by hyoscyamus and its alkaloids are sufficiently similar ...2
JUGLANS CINEREA
The bark of the root of Juglans cinerea, Linné, collected in the autumn (Nat. Ord. juglandaceae). A forest tree of North America. Common Names:... / ...ernut, White Walnut. Principal Constituents.A fixed oil, and orange-yellow juglandic acid, a body closely resembling chrysophanic acid. Preparations.1. Specific Medicine Juglans. Dose, 1 to 30 dro...2
The bark of the root of Juglans cinerea, Linné, collected in the autumn (Nat. Ord. juglandaceae). A forest tree of North America. Common Names:... / ...ernut, White Walnut. Principal Constituents.A fixed oil, and orange-yellow juglandic acid, a body closely resembling chrysophanic acid. Preparations.1. Specific Medicine Juglans. Dose, 1 to 30 dro...2
WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.
Physician's Materia Medica on Close
HYDRASTININE
Derivative alkaloid from HYDRASTINE which it closely resembles in medicinal action. The hydrochloride is official in the U. S. P., 1890. Dose, 0.01 to 0.03 Grm. (1-6 to 1/2 gr.).3
Derivative alkaloid from HYDRASTINE which it closely resembles in medicinal action. The hydrochloride is official in the U. S. P., 1890. Dose, 0.01 to 0.03 Grm. (1-6 to 1/2 gr.).3
HYOSCYAMINE
Alkaloid found in many mydriatic drugs; closely related to Atropine and isomeric with that alkaloid. Dose, 0.0003 to’ 0.0015 (1-200 to 1-40 gr.). b. iron Hypophosphite (Ferrous or Ferric). Hematic tonic as well as nerve food. Dose, 0.03 to 0.30 Grm. (1/2 to 5 grs.).3
Alkaloid found in many mydriatic drugs; closely related to Atropine and isomeric with that alkaloid. Dose, 0.0003 to’ 0.0015 (1-200 to 1-40 gr.). b. iron Hypophosphite (Ferrous or Ferric). Hematic tonic as well as nerve food. Dose, 0.03 to 0.30 Grm. (1/2 to 5 grs.).3
KOUSSO (Cusso, Brayera)
The female inflorescence of HAGENIA ABYSSINICA, (Bruce) Gmel. Anthclminlic, tenicide, cathartic. The remedy (for tapeworm) should be taken in the morning, fasting, a cathartic having been given the previous evening. A synthetic antipyretic, closely resembling in its properties and uses Phenacetin, q. v.3
The female inflorescence of HAGENIA ABYSSINICA, (Bruce) Gmel. Anthclminlic, tenicide, cathartic. The remedy (for tapeworm) should be taken in the morning, fasting, a cathartic having been given the previous evening. A synthetic antipyretic, closely resembling in its properties and uses Phenacetin, q. v.3
ZEDOARYCUZE
The rhizome of CURCUMA ZEDOARIA, Willd. Carminative, closely resembling Ginger in properties and uses.3
The rhizome of CURCUMA ZEDOARIA, Willd. Carminative, closely resembling Ginger in properties and uses.3
References
1) Bergner, Pal., Griswold, Alexandra F., Hufford, David J., et al. . Morton Grove, Il: Publications International, 2017.
2) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
3) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.
2) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
3) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.