Coma
A coma is a deep state of unconsciousness. An individual in a coma is alive but unable to move or respond to his or her environment. Coma may occur as a complication of an underlying illness, or as a result of injuries, such as brain injury.
A coma rarely lasts more than 2 to 4 weeks. The outcome for coma depends on the cause, severity, and site of the damage. People may come out of a coma with physical, intellectual, and psychological problems. Some people may remain in a coma for years or even decades. For those people, the most common cause of death is infection, such as pneumonia.
NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Coma FDA Approved Drugs
ALPHAGAN P [Brimonidine TartrateC11H10BrN5C4H6O6]
RX
- 0.1% (ophthalmic solution/drops)
0.15% (ophthalmic solution/drops)
AllerganAug 19, 2005
- Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
COMBIGAN [Brimonidine TartrateC11H10BrN5C4H6O6 : Timolol MaleateC13H24N4O3SC4H4O4]
RX
- 0.2% : eq 0.5% base (ophthalmic solution/drops)
AllerganOct 30, 2007
- Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (iop) in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension who require adjunctive or replacement therapy due to inadequately controlled iop. dose is one drop of combigan in the affected eye twice daily.
- Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension who require adjunctive or replacement therapy due to inadequately controlled iop.
- Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
- Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure.
- Reduction of intraocular pressure in patients with elevated intraocular pressure or glaucoma.
HALAVEN [Eribulin MesylateC40H59NO11CH4O3S]
RX
- 1mg/2ml (0.5mg/ml) (intravenous solution)
Eisai IncNov 15, 2010
- Treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
- Treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic liposarcoma.
LUMIGAN [BimatoprostC25H37NO4]
RX
- 0.01% (ophthalmic solution/drops)
AllerganAug 31, 2010
- A method of lowering intraocular pressure in a patient with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
- A method of lowering intraocular pressure.
- A method of reducing intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
- A method of treating a patient with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
- Method of treating glaucoma in a patient.
- Method of treating glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure.
- Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
PANRETIN [AlitretinoinC20H28O2]
RX
- eq 0.1% base (topical gel)
Eisai IncFeb 2, 1999
- Topical treatment of cutaneous lesions in patients with aids-related kaposi's sarcoma.
SIMBRINZA [Brimonidine TartrateC11H10BrN5C4H6O6 : BrinzolamideC12H21N3O5S3]
RX
- 0.2% : 1% (ophthalmic suspension/drops)
Novartis Pharms CorpApr 19, 2013
- Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
ZIOPTAN [TafluprostC25H34F2O5]
RX
- 0.0015% (ophthalmic solution/drops)
Oak Pharms IncFeb 10, 2012
- Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
WARNING: Consult a licensed physician in the appropriate field for medical treatment and drug prescription. Do not self medicate.
WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.
Felter's Materia Medica on Coma
ÆSCULUS GLABRA
The bark and fruit of Aesculus glabra, Willdenow (Nat. Ord. Sapindaceae). A small fetid tree common to the central portion of the United... / ...ting, wry-neck, opisthotonos, stupor, and tympanites. In lethal doses these symptoms are increased, coma comes on, and the victim dies. Cattle are often killed by eating buckeyes; if not fatal, a cond... / ...Aesculus deserves further study to determine its status as a remedy for nervous disorders, and especially its control over visceral neuralgias. 1
The bark and fruit of Aesculus glabra, Willdenow (Nat. Ord. Sapindaceae). A small fetid tree common to the central portion of the United... / ...ting, wry-neck, opisthotonos, stupor, and tympanites. In lethal doses these symptoms are increased, coma comes on, and the victim dies. Cattle are often killed by eating buckeyes; if not fatal, a cond... / ...Aesculus deserves further study to determine its status as a remedy for nervous disorders, and especially its control over visceral neuralgias. 1
ARNICA MONTANA
The dried flower-heads of Arnica montana, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). A perennial of Siberia and the cooler parts of Europe; also found in... / ...ts. With toxic doses these effects deepen into unconsciousness, motor, sensory and vagal paralysis, coma, and death. Death is said to have been caused by two ounces of tincture of arnica. Therapy.Ex...1
The dried flower-heads of Arnica montana, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). A perennial of Siberia and the cooler parts of Europe; also found in... / ...ts. With toxic doses these effects deepen into unconsciousness, motor, sensory and vagal paralysis, coma, and death. Death is said to have been caused by two ounces of tincture of arnica. Therapy.Ex...1
BELLADONNA (Atropa belladonna)ATROP
The (1) dried root and the (2) dried leaves and tops of Atropa Belladonna, Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). Europe and Central Asia; also... / ...ies; breathing slow, labored, and imperfect; hebetude; the patient sleeps with eyes partially open; coma; urinal incontinence; free and large passages of limpid urine; fullness and deep aching in loin...1
The (1) dried root and the (2) dried leaves and tops of Atropa Belladonna, Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). Europe and Central Asia; also... / ...ies; breathing slow, labored, and imperfect; hebetude; the patient sleeps with eyes partially open; coma; urinal incontinence; free and large passages of limpid urine; fullness and deep aching in loin...1
CONIUM
The full grown fruit, gathered green, of Conium maculatum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae). Europe and Asia; naturalized in the United... / ... dyspnea, dilated pupils, palpebral ptosis, and convulsions terminating in death. In rare instances coma ensues, but usually consciousness and the intellect remained unimpaired until death. The most m... / ...be applied and be given to relieve pain even when a cure is not possible. It relieves the pain of swollen mammae during the menstrual periods a1
The full grown fruit, gathered green, of Conium maculatum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae). Europe and Asia; naturalized in the United... / ... dyspnea, dilated pupils, palpebral ptosis, and convulsions terminating in death. In rare instances coma ensues, but usually consciousness and the intellect remained unimpaired until death. The most m... / ...be applied and be given to relieve pain even when a cure is not possible. It relieves the pain of swollen mammae during the menstrual periods a1
DUBOISINA
The alkaloid obtained from the leaves of Duboisia myoporoides, Robert Brown (Nat. Ord. Myoporaceae), the Corkwood elm or Ngmoo of Australia and... / ...imes used as a substitute for atropine as a mydriatic. Like atropine, it is contraindicated by glaucoma and diseases of the fundus of the eye on account of its power to increase intraocular tension. ... / ...especially vomiting without previous nausea, and undoubtedly decreases the secretion of urine, hence it should be used with care and judgment.1
The alkaloid obtained from the leaves of Duboisia myoporoides, Robert Brown (Nat. Ord. Myoporaceae), the Corkwood elm or Ngmoo of Australia and... / ...imes used as a substitute for atropine as a mydriatic. Like atropine, it is contraindicated by glaucoma and diseases of the fundus of the eye on account of its power to increase intraocular tension. ... / ...especially vomiting without previous nausea, and undoubtedly decreases the secretion of urine, hence it should be used with care and judgment.1
GAULTHERIA
...physiological action as salicylic acid except that in poisonous doses it is more certain to produce coma. The symptoms of toxic doses are drowsiness, cerebral congestion with throbbing of the carotids......irium, contracted or dilated pupils, visual disturbances, tinnitus aurium, paresis, somnolence, and coma preceding death. Autopsy reveals congestion of the stomach, duodenum, and the kidneys. Therapy....1
...physiological action as salicylic acid except that in poisonous doses it is more certain to produce coma. The symptoms of toxic doses are drowsiness, cerebral congestion with throbbing of the carotids......irium, contracted or dilated pupils, visual disturbances, tinnitus aurium, paresis, somnolence, and coma preceding death. Autopsy reveals congestion of the stomach, duodenum, and the kidneys. Therapy....1
OLEUM TIGLII
Croton Oil. A fixed oil expressed from the seeds of Croton Tiglium, Linné (Nat. Ord. Euphorbiaceae). East Indies and Molucca, and Philippine... / ...onstipation when no inflammation is present, fecal impaction without intestinal obstruction, and in comatose states as a revulsive. It may be used in puerperal eclampsia and in uremia for its derivati... / ...to avoid it, in children and the feeble and pregnant, nor where hemorrhoids, intestinal or renal inflammation, or peritonitis are present.1
Croton Oil. A fixed oil expressed from the seeds of Croton Tiglium, Linné (Nat. Ord. Euphorbiaceae). East Indies and Molucca, and Philippine... / ...onstipation when no inflammation is present, fecal impaction without intestinal obstruction, and in comatose states as a revulsive. It may be used in puerperal eclampsia and in uremia for its derivati... / ...to avoid it, in children and the feeble and pregnant, nor where hemorrhoids, intestinal or renal inflammation, or peritonitis are present.1
PHYSOSTIGMAPHYSO4
The dried, ripe seed of Physostigma venenosum, Balfour (Nat. Ord. Leguminosae). A climbing perennial, native of... / ...Calabar, in the Gulf of Guinea, on the western coast of Africa, and around the sources of the river Coma, near Gabon. River banks. Dose, 1 to 3 grains. Common Names: Calabar Bean, Ordeal Bean, Ordeal ... / ...drug has not therefore had a fair trial. It is one of the suggested antidotes for strychnine poisoning, the alkaloid being preferred. For all of1
The dried, ripe seed of Physostigma venenosum, Balfour (Nat. Ord. Leguminosae). A climbing perennial, native of... / ...Calabar, in the Gulf of Guinea, on the western coast of Africa, and around the sources of the river Coma, near Gabon. River banks. Dose, 1 to 3 grains. Common Names: Calabar Bean, Ordeal Bean, Ordeal ... / ...drug has not therefore had a fair trial. It is one of the suggested antidotes for strychnine poisoning, the alkaloid being preferred. For all of1
PULSATILLA
The recent herb of Anemone Pulsatilla, Linné, and of Anemone pratensis, Linné, collected soon after flowering (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae).... / ...yses have followed very large doses of pulsatilla, while toxic doses may produce mydriasis, stupor, coma, and convulsions. In medicinal doses, pulsatilla increases the power and regulates the action o...1
The recent herb of Anemone Pulsatilla, Linné, and of Anemone pratensis, Linné, collected soon after flowering (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae).... / ...yses have followed very large doses of pulsatilla, while toxic doses may produce mydriasis, stupor, coma, and convulsions. In medicinal doses, pulsatilla increases the power and regulates the action o...1
SINAPIS NIGRA
The ripe seeds of Brassica nigra (Linné), Koch (Nat. Ord. Cruciferae). Asia and southern Europe; cultivated. Dose (emetic), 1 to 3... / ...cerebral congestion, to the spine, legs, and soles of the feet to arouse from apoplexy, stupor, and coma, to the praecordial region in syncope, and locally to the areas involved in myalgia, neuralgias... / ...mustard internally is to cause emesis in cases of narcotic poisoning. Besides acting as a prompt emetic, there is the added value of reflex st1
The ripe seeds of Brassica nigra (Linné), Koch (Nat. Ord. Cruciferae). Asia and southern Europe; cultivated. Dose (emetic), 1 to 3... / ...cerebral congestion, to the spine, legs, and soles of the feet to arouse from apoplexy, stupor, and coma, to the praecordial region in syncope, and locally to the areas involved in myalgia, neuralgias... / ...mustard internally is to cause emesis in cases of narcotic poisoning. Besides acting as a prompt emetic, there is the added value of reflex st1
TANACETUM
The leaves and tops of Tanacetum vulgare, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). Europe; naturalized and cultivated in the United States. Dose, 5 to 60... / ... gastro-intestinal and nerve poison, and in overdoses has caused epileptiform convulsions, profound coma, and death by paralysis of the breathing organs (asphyxiation). Lesser doses may increase the p... / ...5 to 10 drops) are sometimes useful as a gastric bitter in convalescence from exhausting diseases and in dyspeptic conditions with flatulence.1
The leaves and tops of Tanacetum vulgare, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). Europe; naturalized and cultivated in the United States. Dose, 5 to 60... / ... gastro-intestinal and nerve poison, and in overdoses has caused epileptiform convulsions, profound coma, and death by paralysis of the breathing organs (asphyxiation). Lesser doses may increase the p... / ...5 to 10 drops) are sometimes useful as a gastric bitter in convalescence from exhausting diseases and in dyspeptic conditions with flatulence.1
VERATRUM VIRIDE
The dried rhizome and roots of Veratrum viride, Aiton (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). An indigenous plant of swamps, low grounds, and moist meadows. Dose,... / ...of sight, pupillary dilatation, complete muscular prostration, slow, shallow breathing, sleepiness, coma, and unconsciousness, with sometimes stertorous breathing. The prompt emesis induced by this ag... / ...Painted upon boils, felons, carbuncles, abscesses, inflamed acne, cellulitis, and other local inflammations, veratrum wi1
The dried rhizome and roots of Veratrum viride, Aiton (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). An indigenous plant of swamps, low grounds, and moist meadows. Dose,... / ...of sight, pupillary dilatation, complete muscular prostration, slow, shallow breathing, sleepiness, coma, and unconsciousness, with sometimes stertorous breathing. The prompt emesis induced by this ag... / ...Painted upon boils, felons, carbuncles, abscesses, inflamed acne, cellulitis, and other local inflammations, veratrum wi1
VISCUM
The leaves and branches of Viscum flavescens, Pursh (Nat. Ord. Loranthaceae). A parasitic plant found upon forest trees, especially the oaks in... / ...ody and tenesmic catharsis, prostration, contraction of the pupils, muscular spasm, convulsions and coma have been reported from eating the plant and berries. Its action would suggest its possible val... / ...for these purposes. It should be reserved for the conditions mentioned under Specific Indications, and even in these it needs further study.1
The leaves and branches of Viscum flavescens, Pursh (Nat. Ord. Loranthaceae). A parasitic plant found upon forest trees, especially the oaks in... / ...ody and tenesmic catharsis, prostration, contraction of the pupils, muscular spasm, convulsions and coma have been reported from eating the plant and berries. Its action would suggest its possible val... / ...for these purposes. It should be reserved for the conditions mentioned under Specific Indications, and even in these it needs further study.1
References
1) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.