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Gastric

Your stomach is an organ between your esophagus and small intestine. It is where digestion of protein begins. The stomach has three tasks. It stores swallowed food. It mixes the food with stomach acids. Then it sends the mixture on to the small intestine.

Most people have a problem with their stomach at one time or another. Indigestion and heartburn are common problems. You can relieve some stomach problems with over-the-counter medicines and lifestyle changes, such as avoiding fatty foods or eating more slowly. Other problems like peptic ulcers or GERD require medical attention.

You should see a doctor if you have any of the following:

  • Blood when you have a bowel movement
  • Severe abdominal pain
  • Heartburn not relieved by antacids
  • Unintended weight loss
  • Ongoing vomiting or diarrhea

NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Gastric FDA Approved Drugs

BYDUREON [Exenatide Synthetic]
RX
-
2mg/vial (subcutaneous for suspension, extended release)
Astrazeneca AbJan 27, 2012
  • As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • Lowering plasma glucagon in a subject in need thereof, including one with type 2 diabetes, by administering an exendin or analog, such as exendin-4.
  • Method for treating type 2 diabetes using a sustained-release composition containing exenatide.
  • Reducing food intake in a subject with type 2 diabetes by administering an exendin, such as exendin-4.
  • Reducing gastric motility or delaying gastric emptying by administering an exendin, such as exendin-4.
  • Reductions in body weight are observed with exenatide.
  • Treating type 2 diabetes mellitus with exenatide by stimulating insulin release.
  • Treatment of type 2 diabetes.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

BYDUREON PEN [Exenatide Synthetic]
RX
-
2mg (subcutaneous for suspension, extended release)
Astrazeneca AbFeb 28, 2014
  • As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • Lowering plasma glucagon in a subject in need thereof, including one with type 2 diabetes, by administering an exendin or analog, such as exendin-4.
  • Method for treating type 2 diabetes using a sustained-release composition containing exenatide.
  • Reducing food intake in a subject with type 2 diabetes by administering an exendin, such as exendin-4.
  • Reducing gastric motility or delaying gastric emptying by administering an exendin, such as exendin-4.
  • Reductions in body weight are observed with exenatide.
  • Treating type 2 diabetes mellitus with exenatide by stimulating insulin release.
  • Treatment of type 2 diabetes.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

BYETTA [Exenatide Synthetic]
RX
-
300mcg/1.2ml (250mcg/ml) (subcutaneous injectable)
600mcg/2.4ml (250mcg/ml) (subcutaneous injectable)
Astrazeneca AbApr 28, 2005
  • Lowering plasma glucagon in a subject in need thereof, including one with type 2 diabetes, by administering an exendin or analog, such as exendin-4.
  • Reducing food intake in a subject with type 2 diabetes by administering an exendin, such as exendin-4.
  • Reducing gastric motility or delaying gastric emptying by administering an exendin, such as exendin-4.
  • Stimulating insulin release by administering exenatide.
  • Treating type 2 diabetes mellitus with exenatide by stimulating insulin release.
  • Use of exenatide may result in reduction in appetite..
  • Use of exenatide may result in reduction in body weight.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

NEXIUM [Esomeprazole Magnesium2C17H18N3O3SMg3H2O]
RX
-
eq 10mg base/packet (oral for suspension, delayed release)
eq 2.5mg base/packet (oral for suspension, delayed release)
eq 20mg base (oral capsule, delayed rel pellets)
eq 20mg base/packet (oral for suspension, delayed release)
eq 40mg base (oral capsule, delayed rel pellets)
eq 40mg base/packet (oral for suspension, delayed release)
eq 5mg base/packet (oral for suspension, delayed release)
Astrazeneca PharmsFeb 27, 2008
  • Pediatric use aged 1-11 years, gerd and erosive esophagitis.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

NEXIUM 24HR [Esomeprazole Magnesium2C17H18N3O3SMg3H2O]
Astrazeneca LpMar 28, 2014
  • Treatment of frequent heartburn by administering a gastric acid reducer.
  • Treatment of frequent heartburn by administering omeprazole according to claims 1-8.
  • Treatment of frequent heartburn by administering s-omeprazole trihydrate according to claims 1-3.
efficacy
4.5  (11)
side effects
1.1  (11)
danger
1.0  (10)

UNK

SYMLIN [Pramlintide AcetateC171H267N51O53S2C2H4O2H2O]
RX
-
eq 1.5mg base/1.5ml (eq 1mg base/ml) (subcutaneous injectable)
eq 2.7mg base/2.7ml (eq 1mg base/ml) (subcutaneous injectable)
Astrazeneca AbSep 25, 2007
  • Treatment of diabetes with an amylin agonist, including with insulin.
  • Treatment of diabetes with an amylin agonist.
  • Use of an amylin agonist to reduce gastric motility and treat post prandial hypergylcemia.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

VIMOVO [Esomeprazole Magnesium2C17H18N3O3SMg3H2O : NaproxenC14H14O3]
RX
-
eq 20mg base : 375mg (oral tablet, delayed release)
eq 20mg base : 500mg (oral tablet, delayed release)
Horizon Pharma UsaApr 30, 2010
  • Relief of signs and symptoms of arthritis and risk-reduction of nsaid-associated gastric ulcer.
  • Risk-reduction of nsaid gastric ulcer in patients requiring chronic nsaid treatment.
  • Risk-reduction of nsaid-associated gastric ulcer in patients requiring nsaid treatment.
  • Risk-reduction of nsaid-associated gastric ulcer.
  • Risk-reduction of nsaid-associated gastric ulcers in patients also taking low dose aspirin.
efficacy
3.5  (2)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

XARTEMIS XR [AcetaminophenC8H9NO2 : Oxycodone HydrochlorideC18H21NO4ClH]
RX
-
325mg : 7.5mg (oral tablet, extended release)
Mallinckrodt IncMar 11, 2014
  • Management of acute pain in patients requiring opioid analgesia.
  • Method of treating patients with gastric retentive dosage form.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

YOSPRALA [AspirinC9H8O4 : OmeprazoleC17H19N3O3S]
RX
-
325mg : 40mg (oral tablet, delayed release)
81mg : 40mg (oral tablet, delayed release)
Aralez PharmsSep 14, 2016
  • Treatment or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular events, or cerebrovascular events and risk-reduction of aspirin-associated gastric ulcers.
efficacy
4.0  (1)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

ZEGERID [OmeprazoleC17H19N3O3S : Sodium BicarbonateCHO3Na]
RX
-
20mg/packet : 1.68gm/packet (oral for suspension)
20mg : 1.1gm (oral capsule)
40mg/packet : 1.68gm/packet (oral for suspension)
40mg : 1.1gm (oral capsule)
Santarus IncJun 15, 2004
  • Reduction of risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients.
  • Short term treatment of active benign gastric ulcer.
  • Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer; treatment of heartburn and other symptoms associated with gerd; short-term treatment of erosive esophagitis; maintenance of healing of erosive esophagitis.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

WARNING: Consult a licensed physician in the appropriate field for medical treatment and drug prescription. Do not self medicate.


WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.

Felter's Materia Medica on Gastric

ABIES (Tsuga canadensis)TSCA
   ...elaxed mucosa; broncho-pulmonic irritation, with profuse secretions; coughs and colds; pyrosis with gastric irritation, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Contraindicated in inflammations. Therapy.—External. A......nditions of relaxation, with pallid mucosa. In small doses, the specific medicine may be employed n gastric irritation and in that of the urinary organs, in both of which 'there is an excess of mucous...1

ABSINTHIUM (Artemisia absinthium)ARAB3
   The flowering tops and leaves of Artemisia Absinthium, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae); Europe, Siberia, Barbary, Newfoundland, and the United... / ...to abraded surfaces. nternal. Small doses of absinthium stimulate the appetite and give tone to the gastric membranes, thus favoring digestion. For this purpose it is sometimes useful in atonic dyspep... / ...expulsion of the intestinal parasites-Ascaris vermicularis and Ascaris lumbricoides. The oil may be given in doses of 1 to 5 drops. 1

ACACIAACACI
   The dried gummy exudate of Acacia Senegal, Willdenow; and of some other African species of Acacia. (Nat. Ord. Leguminosae.) Eastern Africa... / ...is purpose is frequently used in medicinal preparations for coughs, colds, hoarseness, pharyngitis, gastric irritation and inflammation, diarrhea, dysentery, ardor urinae, etc. It also forms a good mu... / ...by irritant and corrosive poisons. Acacia may be given freely and at pleasure, in the form of owder, troches, mucilage, or syrup, as desired. 1

ACONITUM NEPALLUS
   ...nd fauces, and quickly extending to the stomach. This is rapidly followed by more or less numbness. Gastric warmth and a general glow of the surface follow non-lethal doses. Slight perspiration may be......administered be fractional. In maximum doses (by some called full therapeutic doses) aconite causes gastric heat. A sense of warmth throughout the system follows, and occasionally the thrilling or tin...1

ALNUS SERRULATA
   The recent bark of Alnus serrulata, Aiton (Nat. Ord. Betulaceae). A shrub of the United States east of the Mississippi River. Common Names: Tag... / ...o promote waste and repair and to improve nutrition. It is astringent and a bitter tonic, of use in gastric indigestion, with relaxed stomach walls and imperfect peptic function. Its alterative proper...1

ALOEALOE
   The dried juice of the leaves of several species of Aloe: (1) Aloe Perryi, Baker; (2) Aloe vera, Linné; (3) Aloe ferox, Miller. (Nat. Ord.... / ... hemorrhoids are present; nor when pregnancy exists. Therapy.—Aloes, in 1/2 to 1 grain doses, is a gastric stimulant of value in atonic indigestion, with obstinate constipation. It has had a large vo...1

AMYGDALUS PERSICA
   ...mygdalus. (Made from the green young twigs and leaves.) Dose, 1 to 30 drops. Specific Indications.—Gastric and abdominal tenderness, with irritation and congestion, and pointed tongue with reddened t......ng. Therapy.—Used according to indications as given above, the infusion is a reliable sedative for gastric irritation with vomiting, particularly in children, and in the irritable stomach of phthisis......reen inner bark and leaves. We have both succeeded and failed with it according to the cause of the gastric disturbance. It is of less value for cough than wild cherry or hydrocyanic acid. For the lat...1

AMYLUM
   The fecula or starch of the seed of Zea Mays, Linné (Nat. Ord. Gramineae). (Formula: C6 H10 05). Common Name: Corn... / ...en consumed in too large quantities for long periods increases fat and gives rise to flatulence and gastric acidity. Under the same conditions it may cause sugar to appear in the urine. Therapy.—Exte... / ...Diluted starch paste may be used as a lenitive after other forms of irritant poisoning, and as a mucilage for the administration of medicines. 1

ANTHEMIS NOBILIS
   The flower-heads of Anthemis nobilis, Linné, (Nat. Ord. Compositae). Collected from cultivated plants. Common Names: Roman Chamomile, Chamomile,... / ...uidounces), and emetic (5 to 12 fluidounces); the oil carminative. The cold infusion may be used in gastric debility, with flatus; the hot infusion to relieve colds due to sudden cutaneous chilling, a...1

ASAFOETIDA (Ferula fetida)
   A gum-resin derived from the rhizome and rootlets of Ferula Asafetida, Linné; Ferula foetida, Regel, and other species of Ferula (Nat. Ord.... / ...ect to hysterical or emotional attacks, usually attended by flatulent distention of the abdomen. In gastric discomfort with flatulence and nervous excitability, and in the flatulent colic of children ... / ...or tardy or imperfect menstruation. Asafetida is contraindicated by inflammation. It may be given in emulsion, tincture, or pill or capsule. 1

ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA
   The root of Asclepias incarnata, Linné (Nat. Ord. Asclepiadaceae). Common in damp and wet grounds throughout the United States. Dose, 1 to 60... / ...c insufficiency. Its action is similar to that of foxglove, without the irritating effects upon the gastric membranes. In fact, in small doses it is a stomachic and of some value in chronic catarrh of...1

ASPIDOSPERMA
   The dried bark of Aspidosperma Quebracho-blanco, Schlechtendal (Nat. Ord. Apocynaceae). An evergreen tree of Chili and the Argentine Republic.... / ...medy for dyspnea when not due to pronounced organic changes. Being a centric stimulant to the pneumogastric it affects chiefly the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses, and is a remedy of power in imperfect...1

BERBERIS (Mahonia) AQUIFOLIUM
   ...al to nutrition. Like hydrastis, Berberis aquifolium is an excellent peptic bitter and tonic to the gastric function, and is, therefore, a drug of much value in atonic dyspepsia, with hepatic torpor. ......rolling catarrhal outpouring and erosion of tissue. For this purpose it is useful in stomatitis and gastric and intestinal catarrh. Remotely it sometimes controls leucorrhoea. If these are associated ...1

BERBERIS VULGARIS
   The bark of the root and the berries of Berberis vulgaris, Linné (Nat. Ord. Berberidaceae). Europe, Asia, and the United States. Common Names:... / ...ed, purgative. Used short of its cathartic action it is of value in non-obstructive jaundice and in gastric and intestinal dyspepsia. In renal catarrh, occasioned by the presence of calculi, small dos...1

CACTUS (Selenicereus spp.)
   ...ary effect of over-stimulation, it may induce heart-failure. The tincture, in large doses, produces gastric, irritation, and also affects the brain, causing confusion of mind, hallucination, and sligh......stations. Melancholia often follows such action. It is contended by many that the mental, cerebral, gastric, and other effects are secondary to and dependent largely upon the primary effects of the dr...1


WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.

Physician's Materia Medica on Gastric

ACID CARBOLIC (Phenol)
   A powerful antiseptic and germicide, also an energetic and rapid poison; used internally as an anti-emetic and a gastric and in testinal antiseptic. Locally it acts as an anesthetic and cauterant. The liquified acid is applied in full strength to cauterize or thoroughly cleanse infected wounds, followed by strongalcohol to neu tralize its devitalizing effects. Carbolated oil (10 grs. to the ounce) or a carbolated ointment of similar strength, is one of the best dress ings for burns, scalds and i2

ACID HYDROCHLORIC (Muriatic Acid)
   Medicinally prescribed when the normal hydrochloric acid is de ficient in the gastric secretions as is the case in typhoid fever, in can cer of the stomach and in the gastric disturbances following alcoholic excesses. Dose of the oflicial diluted acid (10%), 0.6 to 1.6 c. c. (10 to 20 M).2

ACID NITRO-HYDROCHLORIC
   Hepatic stimulant and gastric and intestinal antiseptic; pre scribed in cirrhosis of the liver, in chronic hepatitis, in dyspepsia with deficient secretion, especially with torpid liver, and for its specific action in oxaluria. Only the freshly prepared strong acid should be used, of which the dose is 0.06 to 0.2 c. c. (1 to 3 minims) to be largely diluted when taken. The oflicial diluted acid should not be prescribed .2

ACID PHOSPHORIC
   The diluted acid is a useful tonic and gastric stimulant; frequent ly prescribed with benefit in cases of nervous exhaustion. The dose of the oflicial diluted acid (10%) is 2 to 4 c. c. (30 to 60 Ill), largely di luted with water.2

ACID SALICYLIC and SALICYLATES
   a. Salicyi iC Acid . An energetic antiseptic with comparatively little poisonous action; inhibits fermentation; used chiefi y in rheuma tism, the free acid acting more powerfully than its salts (e. g. sodium salicylate) but more liable to cause gastric irritation. Dose (in rheu matism) 0.6 to 1.3 Grm. (10 to 20 grs.) four to six times a day. b. Ammonium Salicylate. Properties of Salicylic Acid with some stimulating action. Dose, 0.3 to 1.3 Grm. (5 to 20 grs.). c. Lithium Salicylate. Combines the2

ALKAL-ANTISEPTINE
   A pleasantly aromatic liquid having an alkaline reaction and serving as an efficient antiseptic and germicide although not pois onous to the human subject. It differs from Antiseptine, q. v. in that it contains glycerin and is distinctly alkaline. Its chief active constituents are Thymol, Eucalyptol, Menthol, Sodium Borate and Sodium Benzoate. Internally it may be given in teaspoonful doses as a gastric and intestinal antiseptic with antacid properties, but it is much more commonly used locally 2

ANTISEPTINE
   A solution in a somewhat alcoholic menstruum of Oils of Eucalyp tus and Gaultheria, Thymoi, Menthol and Benzoic and Boric Acids, together with Fluid Extract of Baptisia. A non-irritant, non-toxic antiseptic, used internally in teaspoon ful doses as a gastric or intestinal antiseptic, but more commonly in the form of spray, gargle or lotion wherever a local antiseptic action is desired. For a gargle, mix one part with one of glycerin and two to four of water; for a nasal douche, 1 part with 3 to 2

CAMPHOR MONOBROMATED
   This compound of camphor possesses properties quite distinct from those of camphor itself. It is used chiefly as an antispasmodic in epilepsy, chorea and paralysis agitans and as a calmative agent generally, but its usefulness is limited owing to liability to produce gastric disturbance. Dose. 0.06 to 0.3 Grm. (1 to 5 grs.).2

CERIUM OXALATE
   The most efficient remedy we have for vomiting depending on pregnancy or uterine irritation. Has been used in sea-sickness and in cholera with good results. Does not replace Bismuth in relieving gastric irritation. Dose, 0.06 to 0.3 or o.o'Grm. (1 to 5 or 10 grs.).2

IODOSYL
   An organic chemical compound containing a little more than 655 of Iodine; empirical formula, C7H4O3I2. An amorphous powder, non toxic and free from irritant action, yet having antiseptic properties that make it invaluable in surgery. It may be used wherever iodo form is now employed with effects at least equally satisfactory. The results obtained with it in treating ulcerations of the cornea are par ticularly gratifying. It may be given internally as a gastric anti septic, in doses of 0.03 to 0.2


WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.

Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on Gastric

ACIDITY OF STOMACH
   If due to fermentation, use antacids as palliatives to relieve im mediate distress, but prescribe also gastric antiseptics. Avoid indigestible food, particularly lats. If acidity is irom hyper-secretion, the remedies are antacids and henbane, for its inhibitive action on the secretions. In chronic gastric catarrh, bismuth. silver nitrate, antacids combined with salines. In all severe cases. lavage is the most useful treatment.2

ASTHMA
   For immediate relief, the smoke from mixtures of stramonium or henbane leaves with nitre and a little extract of opium, or... / ...nine; grindelia, euphorbia pilulifera; iodides, arsenic; if of cardiac origin, heart tonics, Elixir Digitalin Compound, N., B. & Co.; if arising from gastric irrita tion, trea cause. In any case consider question of a change of residence.2

DELIRIUM TREMENS
   Hypnotic remedies are indicated, particularly bromides with chloral, Bromanodyne, hyoscine, sulphonal; also nervines, especially ammonium and morphine valerianates, monobromated |camphor; capsicum as a gastric stimulant.2

DIARRHEA
   See also Cholera Infantum, Cholera Morbus and Dysentery. Simple Atonic Diarrhea is best treated by opium combined... / See also Cholera Infantum, Cholera Morbus and Dysentery. Simple Atonic Diarrhea is best treated by opium combined with gastric and intestinal stimulants, carminatives and astringents. Chlorodyne is an efficient remedy, also the sun cholera mixture and similar formulas ...2

FLATULENCE
   Carminatives and gastric antiseptics; nux vomica or strychnine; treat the dyspeptic conditions on general principles.2

GASTRIC CATARRH
   ...ntaining columbo and sodium phosphate. Be sure that medicines do not irritate the stomach. For pain apply spice poultice or hot water bag. In Chronic Gastric Catarrh, lavage is the most important remedy. Sodium phosphate in solution or effervescing granules, or ,a saline mineral water; bismuth; anta......atarrh, lavage is the most important remedy. Sodium phosphate in solution or effervescing granules, or ,a saline mineral water; bismuth; antacids and gastric antiseptics as needed; silver nitrate combined with ext. henbane. Let the diet be simple, and regulate the bowels by use of non-irritant laxat...2

GASTRIC ULCER
   Nourish patient by enemas so that stomach may have complete rest. Internally, silver nitrate and resorcin with codeine or morph ine, antacids, especially sodium bicarbonate with bismuth subcar bonate; counter-irritation by tincture iodine or mustard leaves; antiemetics as needed; for hematemesis, emulsion of oil turpentine, antipyrin, alum or other styptic; suprarenal extract. Bowels must be regulated by enemata.2

VOMITING
   If due to fermentation of food. regulate the diet and prescribe gastric antiseptics, or lavage. If from gastric irritability,... / If due to fermentation of food. regulate the diet and prescribe gastric antiseptics, or lavage. If from gastric irritability, sedative remedies are most effective; hydrocyanic acid, chloroform. cocaine, creosote, c... / ...cocaine, creosote, tincture iodine in small doses, potassium bromide and menthol are among the remedies that may give relief.2


References

1) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
2) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.