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What is diarrhea?

Diarrhea is loose, watery stools (bowel movements). You have diarrhea if you have loose stools three or more times in one day. Acute diarrhea is diarrhea that lasts a short time. It is a common problem. It usually lasts about one or two days, but it may last longer. Then it goes away on its own.

Diarrhea lasting more than a few days may be a sign of a more serious problem. Chronic diarrhea -- diarrhea that lasts at least four weeks -- can be a symptom of a chronic disease. Chronic diarrhea symptoms may be continual, or they may come and go.

What causes diarrhea?

The most common causes of diarrhea include:

Bacteria from contaminated food or water
Viruses such as the flu, norovirus, or rotavirus . Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute diarrhea in children.
Parasites, which are tiny organisms found in contaminated food or water
Medicines such as antibiotics, cancer drugs, and antacids that contain magnesium
Food intolerances and sensitivities, which are problems digesting certain ingredients or foods. An example is lactose intolerance.
Diseases that affect the stomach, small intestine, or colon, such as Crohn's disease
Problems with how the colon functions, such as irritable bowel syndrome

Some people also get diarrhea after stomach surgery, because sometimes the surgeries can cause food to move through your digestive system more quickly.

Sometimes no cause can be found. If your diarrhea goes away within a few days, finding the cause is usually not necessary.

Who is at risk for diarrhea?

People of all ages can get diarrhea. On average, adults In the United States have acute diarrhea once a year. Young children have it an average of twice a year.

People who visit developing countries are at risk for traveler's diarrhea. It is caused by consuming contaminated food or water.

What other symptoms might I have with diarrhea?

Other possible symptoms of diarrhea include:

Cramps or pain in the abdomen
An urgent need to use the bathroom
Loss of bowel control

If a virus or bacteria is the cause of your diarrhea, you may also have a fever, chills, and bloody stools.

Diarrhea can cause dehydration, which means that your body does not have enough fluid to work properly. Dehydration can be serious, especially for children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems.

When do I need to see a health care provider for diarrhea?

Although it is usually not harmful, diarrhea can become dangerous or signal a more serious problem. Contact your health care provider if you have:

Signs of dehydration
Diarrhea for more than 2 days, if you are an adult. For children, contact the provider if it lasts more than 24 hours.
Severe pain in your abdomen or rectum (for adults)
A fever of 102 degrees or higher
Stools containing blood or pus
Stools that are black and tarry

If children have diarrhea, parents or caregivers should not hesitate to call a health care provider. Diarrhea can be especially dangerous in newborns and infants.

How is the cause of diarrhea diagnosed?

To find the cause of diarrhea, your health care provider may:

Do a physical exam
Ask about any medicines you are taking
Test your stool or blood to look for bacteria, parasites, or other signs of disease or infection
Ask you to stop eating certain foods to see whether your diarrhea goes away

If you have chronic diarrhea, your health care provider may perform other tests to look for signs of disease.

What are the treatments for diarrhea?

Diarrhea is treated by replacing lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. Depending on the cause of the problem, you may need medicines to stop the diarrhea or treat an infection.

Adults with diarrhea should drink water, fruit juices, sports drinks, sodas without caffeine, and salty broths. As your symptoms improve, you can eat soft, bland food.

Children with diarrhea should be given oral rehydration solutions to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.

Can diarrhea be prevented?

Two types of diarrhea can be prevented - rotavirus diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea. There are vaccines for rotavirus. They are given to babies in two or three doses.

You can help prevent traveler's diarrhea by being careful about what you eat and drink when you are in developing countries:

Use only bottled or purified water for drinking, making ice cubes, and brushing your teeth
If you do use tap water, boil it or use iodine tablets
Make sure that the cooked food you eat is fully cooked and served hot
Avoid unwashed or unpeeled raw fruits and vegetables

NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Last FDA Approved Drugs

ACETIC ACID [Acetic Acid, Glacial]

2% (otic solution/drops)

Taro^{Sep 6, 1984}
Vintage^{Feb 24, 2005}
Wockhardt^{Jul 26, 1996}

ACETIC ACID 0.25% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Acetic Acid, Glacial]

250mg/100ml (irrigation, urethral solution)

B Braun^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}
Baxter Hlthcare^{Feb 19, 1982}
Icu Medical Inc^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

AGGRASTAT [Tirofiban Hydrochloride^{C₂₂H₃₆N₂O₅SClHH₂O}]

eq 12.5mg base/250ml (eq 0.05mg base/ml) (injection injectable)

eq 3.75mg base/15ml (eq 0.25mg base/ml) (injection solution)

eq 5mg base/100ml (eq 0.05mg base/ml) (injection injectable)

Medicure^{Apr 20, 2000}

A dosing regimen of aggrastat (tirofiban hydrochloride)(25mcg/kg followed by 0.15mcg/kg/min infusion) to reduce the rate of thrombotic coronary events associated with acute coronary syndrome (acs) in patients with non-st elevation acs.

AKTEN [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

3.5% (ophthalmic gel)

Akorn^{Oct 7, 2008}

Method of inducing topical anesthesia in the eye.

ALUNBRIG [Brigatinib^{C₂₉H₃₉ClN₇O₂P}]

30mg (oral tablet)

90mg (oral tablet)

Ariad^{Apr 28, 2017}

Treatment of patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (alk)-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) who have progressed on or are intolerant to crizotinib.

AMICAR [Aminocaproic Acid^{C₆H₁₃NO₂}]

1.25gm/5ml (oral syrup)

1gm (oral tablet)

500mg (oral tablet)

Clover Pharms^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

AMIKACIN SULFATE [Amikacin Sulfate^{C₂₂H₄₃N₅O₁₃2H₂O₄S}]

eq 250mg base/ml (injection injectable)

eq 50mg base/ml (injection injectable)

Emcure Pharms Ltd^{Dec 12, 2013}
Fresenius Kabi Usa^{Dec 9, 2015}
Sagent Pharms^{May 12, 2016}
Teva Pharms Usa^{Sep 28, 1993}
West-ward Pharms Int^{Apr 11, 1994}

AMINO ACIDS [Amino Acids]

15%(150gm/1000ml) (injection injectable)

15%(300gm/2000ml) (injection injectable)

B Braun^{Apr 13, 2012}

AMINOACETIC ACID 1.5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Glycine^{C₂H₅NO₂}]

1.5gm/100ml (irrigation solution)

Baxter Hlthcare^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

AMINOCAPROIC [Aminocaproic Acid^{C₆H₁₃NO₂}]

500mg (oral tablet)

Akorn^{May 24, 2001}

AMINOCAPROIC ACID [Aminocaproic Acid^{C₆H₁₃NO₂}]

1.25gm/5ml (oral syrup)

250mg/ml (injection injectable)

Akorn^{Sep 2, 1998}
Luitpold^{Dec 1, 1987}

AMINOCAPROIC ACID IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Aminocaproic Acid^{C₆H₁₃NO₂}]

250mg/ml (injection injectable)

Hospira^{Mar 9, 1987}

AMINOPHYLLINE [Aminophylline^{2C₇H₈N₄O₂C₂H₈N₂}]

25mg/ml (injection injectable)

Hospira^{Oct 26, 1983}
Luitpold^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

AMINOSYN 10% [Amino Acids]

10% (10gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

AMINOSYN 10% (PH6) [Amino Acids]

10% (10gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Nov 18, 1985}

AMINOSYN 3.5% [Amino Acids]

3.5% (3.5gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

AMINOSYN 3.5% M [Amino Acids : Magnesium Acetate^{2C₂H₃O₂Mg} : Phosphoric Acid^H₃O₄P : Potassium Acetate^{C₂H₃O₂K} : Sodium Chloride^ClNa]

3.5% : 21mg/100ml : 40mg/100ml : 128mg/100ml : 234mg/100ml (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

AMINOSYN 5% [Amino Acids]

5% (5gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

AMINOSYN 7% [Amino Acids]

7% (7gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

AMINOSYN 7% (PH6) [Amino Acids]

7% (7gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Nov 18, 1985}

AMINOSYN 8.5% [Amino Acids]

8.5% (8.5gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

AMINOSYN 8.5% (PH6) [Amino Acids]

8.5% (8.5gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Nov 18, 1985}

AMINOSYN II 10% [Amino Acids]

10% (10gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Apr 3, 1986}

AMINOSYN II 10% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Amino Acids]

10% (10gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Dec 19, 1991}

AMINOSYN II 15% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Amino Acids]

15% (15gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Dec 19, 1991}

AMINOSYN II 7% [Amino Acids]

7% (7gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Apr 3, 1986}

AMINOSYN II 8.5% [Amino Acids]

8.5% (8.5gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Apr 3, 1986}

AMINOSYN-HBC 7% [Amino Acids]

7% (7gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Jul 12, 1985}

AMINOSYN-HF 8% [Amino Acids]

8% (8gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Apr 4, 1996}

AMINOSYN-PF 10% [Amino Acids]

10% (10gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Oct 17, 1986}

AMINOSYN-PF 7% [Amino Acids]

7% (7gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Sep 6, 1985}

AMINOSYN-RF 5.2% [Amino Acids]

5.2% (5.2gm/100ml) (injection injectable)

Icu Medical Inc^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

AMMONIUM CHLORIDE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Ammonium Chloride^ClH₄N]

5meq/ml (injection injectable)

Hospira^{Jun 13, 1984}

ANCEF IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Cefazolin Sodium^{C₁₄H₁₃N₈O₄S₃Na}]

eq 10mg base/ml (injection injectable)

eq 20mg base/ml (injection injectable)

Baxter Hlthcare^{Mar 28, 1991}

ASTELIN [Azelastine Hydrochloride^{C₂₂H₂₄ClN₃OClH}]

eq 0.125mg base/spray (nasal spray, metered)

Mylan Speciality Lp^{Nov 1, 1996}

ASTEPRO [Azelastine Hydrochloride^{C₂₂H₂₄ClN₃OClH}]

eq 0.1876mg base/spray (nasal spray, metered)

Mylan Speciality Lp^{Aug 31, 2009}

Treatment of allergic rhinitis, including seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis.

ATHENTIA NEXT [Levonorgestrel^{C₂₁H₂₈O₂}]

OTC

1.5mg (oral tablet)

Aurobindo Pharma Ltd^{Dec 8, 2015}

ATROPINE SULFATE [Atropine Sulfate^{2C₁₇H₂₃NO₃H₂OH₂O₄S}]

1% (ophthalmic solution/drops)

Akorn^{Jul 18, 2014}

ATROPINE SULFATE ANSYR PLASTIC SYRINGE [Atropine Sulfate^{2C₁₇H₂₃NO₃H₂OH₂O₄S}]

0.05mg/ml (intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous injectable)

0.1mg/ml (intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous injectable)

Hospira^{Jul 9, 2001}

AVELOX [Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride^{C₂₁H₂₄FN₃O₄ClH}]

eq 400mg base (oral tablet)

Bayer Hlthcare^{Dec 10, 1999}

Method of combating bacteria in a patient.

AVELOX IN SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.8% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride^{C₂₁H₂₄FN₃O₄ClH}]

400mg/250ml (1.6mg/ml) (iv (infusion) solution)

Bayer Hlthcare^{Nov 30, 2001}

Method of combating bacteria in a patient.

AZACTAM [Aztreonam^{C₁₃H₁₇N₅O₈S₂}]

1gm/vial (injection injectable)

2gm/vial (injection injectable)

Bristol Myers Squibb^{Dec 31, 1986}

AZACTAM IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Aztreonam^{C₁₃H₁₇N₅O₈S₂}]

20mg/ml (injection injectable)

40mg/ml (injection injectable)

Bristol Myers Squibb^{May 24, 1989}

AZELASTINE HYDROCHLORIDE [Azelastine Hydrochloride^{C₂₂H₂₄ClN₃OClH}]

0.05% (ophthalmic solution/drops)

eq 0.125mg base/spray (nasal spray, metered)

eq 0.1876mg base/spray (nasal spray, metered)

Akorn^{Nov 8, 2016}
Apotex Inc^{Aug 3, 2009}
Sandoz Inc^{May 31, 2012}
Sun Pharma Global^{Jun 21, 2010}
Breckenridge Pharm^{Jul 28, 2015}
Upsher-smith Labs^{Mar 17, 2017}
West-ward Pharms Int^{Oct 24, 2014}
Perrigo Israel^{May 8, 2014}

AZELASTINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE [Azelastine Hydrochloride^{C₂₂H₂₄ClN₃OClH} : Fluticasone Propionate^{C₂₅H₃₁F₃O₅S}]

eq 0.125mg base/spray : 0.05mg/spray (nasal spray, metered)

Apotex Inc^{Apr 28, 2017}

AZTREONAM [Aztreonam^{C₁₃H₁₇N₅O₈S₂}]

1gm/vial (injection injectable)

2gm/vial (injection injectable)

500mg/vial (injection injectable)

Fresenius Kabi Usa^{Jun 18, 2010}

BACTERIOSTATIC SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Sodium Chloride^ClNa]

9mg/ml (injection injectable)

Fresenius Kabi Usa^{Feb 7, 1985}
Hospira^{Oct 29, 1982}

BACTERIOSTATIC WATER FOR INJECTION IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Sterile Water For Injection]

100% (n/a liquid)

Hospira^{Oct 27, 1982}

BACTOCILL IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Oxacillin Sodium^{C₁₉H₁₈N₃O₅SNaH₂O}]

eq 20mg base/ml (injection injectable)

eq 40mg base/ml (injection injectable)

Baxter Hlthcare^{Oct 26, 1989}

BALANCED SALT [Calcium Chloride^Ca2Cl2H₂O : Magnesium Chloride^2ClMg6H₂O : Potassium Chloride^ClK : Sodium Acetate^{C₂H₃O₂Na3H₂O} : Sodium Chloride^ClNa : Sodium Citrate]

0.48mg/ml : 0.3mg/ml : 0.75mg/ml : 3.9mg/ml : 6.4mg/ml : 1.7mg/ml (irrigation solution)

Akorn^{Sep 27, 2006}
B Braun^{Feb 3, 2010}

BREVIBLOC [Esmolol Hydrochloride^{C₁₆H₂₅NO₄ClH}]

10mg/ml (injection injectable)

Baxter Hlthcare^{Feb 25, 2003}

BREVIBLOC DOUBLE STRENGTH IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Esmolol Hydrochloride^{C₁₆H₂₅NO₄ClH}]

2gm/100ml (injection injectable)

Baxter Hlthcare^{Jan 27, 2003}

BREVIBLOC IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Esmolol Hydrochloride^{C₁₆H₂₅NO₄ClH}]

1gm/100ml (injection injectable)

Baxter Hlthcare^{Feb 16, 2001}

BRONCHO SALINE [Sodium Chloride^ClNa]

OTC

0.9% (inhalation aerosol, metered)

Blairex^{Sep 3, 1992}

BSS [Calcium Chloride^Ca2Cl2H₂O : Magnesium Chloride^2ClMg6H₂O : Potassium Chloride^ClK : Sodium Acetate^{C₂H₃O₂Na3H₂O} : Sodium Chloride^ClNa : Sodium Citrate]

0.48mg/ml : 0.3mg/ml : 0.75mg/ml : 3.9mg/ml : 6.4mg/ml : 1.7mg/ml (irrigation solution)

Alcon^{Dec 10, 1997}

CALCIUM CHLORIDE 10% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Calcium Chloride^Ca2Cl2H₂O]

100mg/ml (injection injectable)

Hospira^{Jan 28, 2000}

CARDENE [Nicardipine Hydrochloride^{C₂₆H₂₉N₃O₆ClH}]

25mg/10ml (2.5mg/ml) (injection injectable)

Chiesi Usa Inc^{Jan 30, 1992}

Method for treating acute elevations of blood pressure in human subject in need thereof.

CARDENE IN 0.83% SODIUM CHLORIDE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Nicardipine Hydrochloride^{C₂₆H₂₉N₃O₆ClH}]

40mg/200ml (0.2mg/ml) (intravenous injectable)

Chiesi Usa Inc^{Nov 7, 2008}

Method for treating acute elevations of blood pressure in human subject in need thereof.

CARDENE IN 0.86% SODIUM CHLORIDE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Nicardipine Hydrochloride^{C₂₆H₂₉N₃O₆ClH}]

20mg/200ml (0.1mg/ml) (intravenous injectable)

Chiesi Usa Inc^{Jul 31, 2008}

Method for treating acute elevations of blood pressure in human subject in need thereof.

CARDENE IN 4.8% DEXTROSE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Nicardipine Hydrochloride^{C₂₆H₂₉N₃O₆ClH}]

20mg/200ml (0.1mg/ml) (intravenous injectable)

Chiesi Usa Inc^{Jul 31, 2008}

Method for treating acute elevations of blood pressure in human subject in need thereof.

CARDENE IN 5.0% DEXTROSE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Nicardipine Hydrochloride^{C₂₆H₂₉N₃O₆ClH}]

40mg/200ml (0.2mg/ml) (intravenous injectable)

Chiesi Usa Inc^{Nov 7, 2008}

Method for treating acute elevations of blood pressure in human subject in need thereof.

CARDIOPLEGIC IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Calcium Chloride^Ca2Cl2H₂O : Magnesium Chloride^2ClMg6H₂O : Potassium Chloride^ClK : Sodium Chloride^ClNa]

17.6mg/100ml : 325.3mg/100ml : 119.3mg/100ml : 643mg/100ml (perfusion, cardiac solution)

Baxter Hlthcare^{Apr 21, 2000}

CAYSTON [Aztreonam^{C₁₃H₁₇N₅O₈S₂}]

75mg/vial (inhalation for solution)

Gilead^{Feb 22, 2010}

Improve respiratory symptoms in cystic fibrosis in patients with pseudomonas aeruginosa.

CEFAZOLIN AND DEXTROSE [Cefazolin Sodium^{C₁₄H₁₃N₈O₄S₃Na}]

eq 1gm base/vial (injection injectable)

eq 2gm base/vial (injection injectable)

B Braun^{Jul 27, 2000}

CEFAZOLIN IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Cefazolin Sodium^{C₁₄H₁₃N₈O₄S₃Na}]

eq 2gm base/100ml (eq 20mg base/ml) (intravenous solution)

Baxter Hlthcare Corp^{Aug 7, 2015}

CEFAZOLIN SODIUM [Cefazolin Sodium^{C₁₄H₁₃N₈O₄S₃Na}]

eq 100gm base/vial (injection injectable)

eq 10gm base/vial (injection injectable)

eq 1gm base/vial (injection injectable)

eq 20gm base/vial (injection injectable)

eq 300gm base/vial (injection injectable)

eq 500mg base/vial (injection injectable)

Samson Medcl^{Nov 29, 2006}
Acs Dobfar^{Oct 22, 2008}
Facta Farma^{Dec 27, 1991}
Hikma Farmaceutica^{Oct 18, 2004}
Hospira Inc^{Aug 12, 2005}
Sandoz^{Sep 25, 1992}
Qilu Pharm Co Ltd^{Dec 28, 2015}

CEFEPIME AND DEXTROSE IN DUPLEX CONTAINER [Cefepime Hydrochloride^{C₁₉H₂₄N₆O₅S₂2ClHH₂O}]

eq 1gm base/vial (injection injectable)

eq 2gm base/vial (injection injectable)

B Braun^{May 6, 2010}

CEFEPIME HYDROCHLORIDE [Cefepime Hydrochloride^{C₁₉H₂₄N₆O₅S₂2ClHH₂O}]

eq 1gm base/vial (injection injectable)

eq 2gm base/vial (injection injectable)

eq 500mg base/vial (injection injectable)

Acs Dobfar^{Mar 20, 2008}
Hospira Inc^{Jul 30, 2012}
Qilu Pharm Co Ltd^{Feb 1, 2016}
Sagent Pharms^{Jan 4, 2017}

CEFEPIME IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Cefepime Hydrochloride^{C₁₉H₂₄N₆O₅S₂2ClHH₂O}]

eq 1gm base/50ml (eq 20mg base/ml) (injection injectable)

eq 2gm base/100ml (eq 20mg base/ml) (injection injectable)

Baxter Hlthcare^{Aug 5, 2008}

CEFOTAN [Cefotetan Disodium^{C₁₇H₁₅N₇O₈S₄2Na}]

eq 1gm base/vial (injection injectable)

eq 2gm base/vial (injection injectable)

Teligent^{Dec 27, 1985}

CEFOTAXIME [Cefotaxime Sodium^{C₁₆H₁₆N₅O₇S₂Na}]

eq 10gm base/vial (injection injectable)

eq 1gm base/vial (injection injectable)

eq 2gm base/vial (injection injectable)

eq 500mg base/vial (injection injectable)

Hikma^{Nov 20, 2002}
Wockhardt^{Aug 29, 2006}

CEFOTAXIME SODIUM [Cefotaxime Sodium^{C₁₆H₁₆N₅O₇S₂Na}]

eq 10gm base/vial (injection injectable)

eq 1gm base/vial (injection injectable)

eq 2gm base/vial (injection injectable)

Hospira Inc^{Aug 10, 2006}
Lupin^{Sep 24, 2003}

WARNING: Consult a licensed physician in the appropriate field for medical treatment and drug prescription. Do not self medicate.

WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for reference only. Many of these treatments may be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field. The owner of this website will not be held liable for any injuries and deaths cause by following any home remedies. We have no control of what is posted.

Home Remedies for Last

FEVER
Steep 1 tablespoon of dried linden flower in a cup of hot water for 15 minutes. Drink 3 to 4 cups per day. Seek medical help if your fever last more than 1 day. For fever above 102F, take lukewarm bath to reduce temperature below 102F.LoisaAllcott | November 4th, 2017

WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.

Felter's Materia Medica on Last

ACONITUM NEPALLUS
The dried tuberous root of Aconitum Napellus, Linné (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae). Mountains of Europe and Asia, and northwestern North America.... / ...hus accounting for the short duration of its action. Indeed, the systemic effects of aconite seldom last over three hours, though the therapeutic esult may be permanent. When aconite kills it does so ... / ...approaching from the extremities to the body. Excessive sweating comes on, rapidly lowering the body temperature, dimness of vision, ¹

APOCYNUM CANNABINUM
The root of Apocynum cannabinum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Apocynaceae) gathered in autumn after the leaves and fruit have matured. Grows throughout the... / ...as employed in heroic doses chiefly for its hydragogue cathartic and diuretic effects. Early in the last century it was employed by the botanic practitioners for the relief of dropsy. Later the Eclect... / ...may be looked for. Under these circumstances we have removed enormous dropsical swellings with it, giving quick relief from dyspnea and¹

BELLADONNA (Atropa belladonna)^ATROP
The (1) dried root and the (2) dried leaves and tops of Atropa Belladonna, Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). Europe and Central Asia; also... / ... of pulmonary tuberculosis, and in acute mastitis. In many of the surface conditions mentioned the plaster may prove most effectual. The liniment is especially useful to alleviate cramps in the calf o...¹

BOLETUS
The fungus Polyporus officinalis, Fries (Boletus laricis, jacquin). (Nat. Ord. Fungi.) Asia, Eastern Europe, and Central America. Common Names:... / ...dose for these purposes is from the fraction of a drop to 5 drops of the specific medicine. For the last named use that of controlling colliquative sweating, agaric acid or agaricin, as it is more com...¹

CAFFEA
The seeds of Caffea arabica, Linné (Nat. Ord. Rubiaceae). Native of Arabia-Felix and Ethiopia; and extensively cultivated in Asia and America... / ...sical exertion. Coffee removes drowsiness after a heavy meal, and may produce wakefulness that will last for several hours. If coffee be withheld from one who is accustomed to its stimulus, physical a... / ...preferably without sugar or cream; for use in narcotic poisoning very strong, black coffee may be given freely, both by mouth and per rectum.¹

CANNABIS
The dried flowering tops of the female plant of Cannabis sativa, Linné, or the variety indica, Lamarck (Nat. Ord. Cannabinaceae). Asia, East... / ...finitely extended life. Finally drowsiness overtakes him and he drops into a heavy sleep, which may last for hours, and from which he awakens with no other discomfort than a ravenous hunger. In this l... / ...of the urino-genital tract and relieves pain. For the first condition it is invaluable in more or less painful conditions in which opium see¹

CAPSICUM
...ps, very largely diluted. 2. Tinctura Capsici, Tincture of Capsicum. Dose, 1/10 to 10 minims. 3. Emplastrum Capsici. Capsicum Plaster (Composed of Oleoresin of Capsicum and Rubber Plaster). Rubefacien......ter nor cause strangury when so applied. Either the tincture painted upon the part or the capsicum plaster may give relief to so-called chronic rheumatic pains, and be applied in lumbago, pleurodynia ...¹

CERA ALBA
Yellow wax bleached by exposure to air, light, and moisture. (See Cera Flava.) Common Name: White Wax. Description.A yellowish-white solid, translucent in thin... / ...Uses.Both white and yellow wax are principally employed in the making of ointments, cerates, and plasters, to impart to them proper consistence and tenacity.¹

CHIONANTHUS
The bark of the root of Chionanthus virginicus, Linné. (Nat. Ord. Oleaceae.) United States from Pennsylvania southward. Dose, 5 to 30... / ...ials and many other powerful drugs. Those that have weathered the campaign and been found to have a lasting reputation have been vegetable drugs chiefly and of either domestic origin or of Eclectic de... / ...never reach the true diabetic state. There is good reason to believe that the prolonged use of chionanthus will be of much benefit in such cases.¹

CONIUM
The full grown fruit, gathered green, of Conium maculatum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae). Europe and Asia; naturalized in the United... / ...excessive motility, with or without pain; neuralgic pain; pain in the aged, and when there are cacoplastic deposits; gastric pain; nervousness and restlessness; mild maniacal excitement; persistent sp... / ...be applied and be given to relieve pain even when a cure is not possible. It relieves the pain of swollen mammae during the menstrual periods a¹

EUONYMUS
The bark of the root of Euonymus atropurpureus, Jacquin (Nat. Ord. Celastraceae.). A small shrub or bush of the United States. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common Names:... / The bark of the root of Euonymus atropurpureus, Jacquin (Nat. Ord. Celastraceae.). A small shrub or bush of the United States. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common Names: Wahoo,... / ...the liver. Many value it in so-called chronic ague, and in the constipation and gastric debility associated with or following it. Euonymus is a neglected bitter.¹

EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM
The flowering tops and leaves of Eupatorium perfoliatum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). Swamps and low meadows throughout the United States. Dose,... / ...hing pain, as if in the bones, praecordial oppression, and great thirst. If, however, the fever lasts all day, slight sweating may occur at night. An added indication in ague is vomiting, especial... / ...tonic and stomachic, when given in small doses it improves the appetite and digestion and thus favors a more rapid and perfect convalescence.¹

GELATINUM
Gelatin. A purified glue prepared by boiling gelatinous animal tissues in water and purifying, evaporating and drying the product. Description.A... / ...ions. It enters into the pharmacal preparation of capsules, lozenges, wafers, suppositories, court plasters, and as a coating for pills. Its intravenous or hypodermoclytic use (of about 3 ounces of a... / ...to its freedom from the formation of indol it has been advised as a part of the diet in intestinal putrefaction showing marked indicanuria.¹

GELSEMIUM
The dried rhizome and roots of Gelsemium sempervirens (Linné,) Aiton (Nat. Ord. Loganiaceae). Dose, 1/10 to 1 grain. Common Names: Yellow... / ...iolent dilation of the pupil, with accompanying paralysis of accommodation. The mydriasis is not so lasting as that from atropine. Gelsemium is quickly absorbed and spends its force in about three hou... / ...great restlessness and excitation are the classic indications for it as first formulated by Scudder, and these stand among the truest of speci¹

IRIS^IRIS
The rhizome and roots of Iris versicolor, Linné (Nat. Ord. Iridaceae). Common in wet places in the United States. Dose, 5 to 20 grains. Common... / ...ools. In fact one of the most important uses for iris is in that complex condition included in the elastic denomination biliousness. For regurgitation of fatty foods or pastries it is especially e...¹

Physician's Materia Medica on Last

AMMONIAC
Gum resin from DOREMA AMMONIACUM, Don. Loc_a1lycount_er irritant, a constituent of “warming” plasters. Internally used as a stimulant expectorant in chronic bronchitis. Dose, 0.12 to 0.30 Grm. (2 to 5 grs.).²

FALSE BITTERSWEET
The bark of the root of CELASTRUs SCANDENS, Lin. Emetic, dis cutient, alterative. Has been employed in chronic rheumatic and cutaneous aflections, in secondary syphilis, and in the form of an ointment in treatment of burns, excoriations. indurated glands, etc.²

LEAD PLASTER (Diachylon)
An impure oleopalmitate of lead, the coinmon base in medicinal plasters, e. g. Opium Plaster, Resin Plaster, Soap Plaster.²

LIFE EVERLASTING
The flowering herb of GNAPHALIUM OBTUSIFOLIUM, Lin. Aromatic, bitter, stomachic, anodyne, vulnerary. Especially useful for relief of gastralgia.²

PARSLEY^PETRO6
The fruit, also the root of APIUM PETROSELINUM, Lin. Carmi native, discutient, diuretic, antiperiodic, emmenagogue, sedative to genito-urinary tract. The root particularly is used with reference to this last property, being prescribed in strangury from cantharides or turpentine and in painful micturition caused by gravel. The seeds are generally used for their emmenagogue virtue, which depends on the apiol they contain. Dose of Apiol, 0.2 to 0.4 c. c. (3 to 6 mi. three times a day.²

Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on Last

APOPLEXY, CEREBRAL
...on, if the case ad mits it, by action of a rapid purge of croton oil or elaterium or by arterial sedatives, (veratrum viride or aconite); by mustard plasters to feet or a hot mustard foot bath, with applications of ice to the head. Keep the head high and the feet low. In the days immediate ly follow......oke) potassium iodide in full doses. The paralysis is to be treated on general principles by massage, pas sive exercise, electricity, strychnine, the last to be used with due cau tion.²

BED SORES
When threatened, harden skin by frequent use of astringent lotions, lead water, tannin dissolved in dilute alcohol, 2 grs. to fl. oz.; whiskey and salt (2 drachms to pint); Antiseptine diluted with wa ter or whiskey. When ulcers have formal, protect with soap plaster and use antiseptics. especially Iodosyl ointment. Sustain patient’s strength with nourishing and predigested food. Iron in form of the tincture is generally of service.²

GASTRALGIA
Treat the indigestion causing the pain on general principles (see Indigestion). For immediate relief of pain, antacids if necessary, anodynes (codeine, chloroform, chlorodyne, hydrocyanic acid, camph orated tincture opium, cocaine, fl. ext. life everlasting), counter-irri tation; in hysterical subjects, valerianates. As tonics especially combinations of arsenic with iron.²

TAPE-WORM
The most eficient remedies are pomegranate bark, best the active principle, pelletierine; pumpkin seeds, given in an emulsion, and male fern. especially the oleoresin. This last should be followed by a purgative dose of calomel—not, in any case by castor oil.²

TETANUS
Tetanus antitoxin should be administered at once, and convul sions combated by inhalations of chloroform or by chloral combined with potassium bromide (see Bromanodyne, Part I). Other remedies are cocaine or a combination of this with morphine and atropine, hypodermatically; Fowler’s solution; calabar bean; pilocarpine (the last to eliminate the toxin).²

References

1) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
2) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.

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References