Still
What is juvenile arthritis?
Juvenile arthritis (JA) is arthritis that happens in children. It causes joint inflammation (swelling), pain, stiffness, and loss of motion. Joints are places where two bones meet, such as your elbow or knee. It can affect any joint, but it is more common in the knees, hands, and feet.
JA can affect your child's growth and development, and in some cases, it can also affect other organs. Finding JA early and starting treatment can help manage symptoms and reduce joint damage.
Who is more likely to get juvenile arthritis?There are several other forms of arthritis affecting children. The most common type of JA in children under age 16 is juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). There are multiple types of JIA. Symptoms and the number of joints affected help determine the type. Some types of JIA are more common in girls.
What causes juvenile arthritis?The exact cause of JA is unknown. Most types are autoimmune disorders. This means that your immune system, which normally helps your body fight infection, attacks your body's tissues.
What are the symptoms of juvenile arthritis?Symptoms can vary depending on the type of JA. The symptoms of most types include joint pain, swelling, warmth, and stiffness. Your child may not complain of pain or stiffness, but one early sign of JA may be limping or clumsiness in the morning or after resting. Larger joints, such as the knee, may be swollen.
Certain types of JA can cause a high fever, swollen lymph nodes, a rash, growth problems, or eye inflammation in some children. Symptoms can come and go. Some children have just one or two flare-ups. Others have symptoms that never go away.
How is juvenile arthritis diagnosed?There is no single test for JA, so it can be hard to diagnose. Your health care provider may:
- Ask about medical history and symptoms.
- Do a physical exam.
- Order blood tests or imaging studies.
A team of providers usually treats JA. Treatment will depend on your child's age, the type of JA, and how bad it is. Treatment can include medicines and physical therapy to help maintain movement and reduce swelling and pain.
NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
Still FDA Approved Drugs
Icu Medical IncJan 8, 1987
Icu Medical IncJan 8, 1990
Icu Medical IncJan 8, 1990
HospiraAug 25, 1994
Intl MedicationApproved Prior To Jan 1, 1982
LuitpoldJan 21, 1982
Icu Medical IncJan 8, 1987
Home Remedies for Still
   Licorice root has anti-inflammatory properties. Boil 1/2 ounce of licorice in 1 quart of water,... / Licorice root has anti-inflammatory properties. Boil 1/2 ounce of licorice in 1 quart of water, uncovered, until half of the water is still remaining. Let cool. Drink over a span of a day. Acceptable to repeat for up to 3 days. Do not take licorice if you are pregnant, taking ste... / ...care professional if you have questions about possible interactions with a drug or supplement you take.
Mechanism - glycyrrhizinJlaiii | August 11th, 2020
   Citriodiol® consists mainly of p-menthane-3,8-diol or PMD and has anti-viral activity against... / ... hydrated, cyclized (abbreviated for informal use as EC Oil (H/C)) - European Union
Leaves and branches are harvested and oil is extracted from a distilling process.
"We convert the high citronellal content in the essential oil into the naturally occurring substance PMD (p-menthane-3,8-diol)...
Mechanism - PMD (p-menthane-3,8-diol)JackR | August 26th, 2020
   Bearberry has been used at least since the 13th century for the cure of urinary tract infection. It is still used today for the treatment of UTIs. Bearberry is broken down by the body to produce an antimicrobial substance directly to the urinary tract.
Do no use Bearberry during pregnancy and during lactation.
Steep 1/2 ounce of Bearberry leaves in a pint of boiling water until it reaches room temperature. Drink one once 3 times a day for up to 5 days.
Mechanism - Arbutin (antimicrobial)Jose3124 | September 20th, 2020
Felter's Materia Medica on Still
   The flowering tops and leaves of Artemisia Absinthium, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae); Europe, Siberia, Barbary, Newfoundland, and the United... / ...ct as nerve depressants upon man. Small doses at first stimulate, larger ones produce headache, and still larger doses induce cerebral disturbances and clonic hysteroidal convulsions. Victims of absin... / ...used for the expulsion of the intestinal parasites-Ascaris vermicularis and Ascaris lumbricoides. The oil may be given in doses of 1 to 5 drops. 3
   The dried juice of the leaves of several species of Aloe: (1) Aloe Perryi, Baker; (2) Aloe vera, Linné; (3) Aloe ferox, Miller. (Nat. Ord.... / ...all doses aloin is useful in rectal prolapsus, due to pelvic debility and general ill-health. It is still a debatable question whether aloes influences the flow of bile. When, however, jaundice is coe...3
   Rose Water. Stronger Rose Water mixed with an equal part of... / Rose Water. Stronger Rose Water mixed with an equal part of distilled water, immediately before dispensing. Description.A clear aqueous preparation having the p......ueous preparation having the pleasant odor of roses. [Stronger Rose Water is a saturated, aqueous distillate from the flowers of the hundred-leaved rose (Rosa centifolia, Linné, Nat. Ord. Rosaceae). ... / ...a favorite perfumed lotion for chapped hands, lips, and face. 3
   The root of Asclepias tuberosa, Linné (Nat. Ord. Asclepiadaceae). United States and Canada. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common Names: Pleurisy Root,... / ...sure to be indicated, and continued through the active stage; and if a dry cough persists it should still be continued and used freely. There is no kindlier cough medicine than asclepias, and when fev...3
   The leaves of Castanea dentata (Marshall), Sudworth, collected in September or October while still green (Nat. Ord. Fagaceae). Native of Asia Minor,... / The leaves of Castanea dentata (Marshall), Sudworth, collected in September or October while still green (Nat. Ord. Fagaceae). Native of Asia Minor, naturalized in Europe and America. Common Na...3
   ... of forceps has largely supplanted drugs of this type, yet there are many cases in which they might still be used with greater safety than forceps. As an ingredient of the Compound Syrup of Mitchella ...... safety than forceps. As an ingredient of the Compound Syrup of Mitchella (Mother's Cordial), it is still relied upon by some physicians as a good partus praeparator. Caulophyllum is a good emmenagogu...3
   The dried leaves of Erythroxylon Coca, Lamarck, and its varieties. (Nat. Ord. Erythroxylaceae.) South American Andes-Peru, Bolivia, and Chili.... / ...ments of the stomach. As compared with cocaine this power is feeble, as is coca in all its effects, still there is sufficient of the alkaloidal influence exerted to make coca a remedy to be used with ...3
   The ripe fruit and bark of (1) Crataegus Oxyacantha, Linné, and (2) other species of Crataegus. (Nat. Ord. Rosaceae) 1. England and other parts... / ...as been suggested to rest that organ and thereby guard against arteriosclerosis. It is a new remedy still on trial; and as yet with no rational explanation of its reputed powers. The smaller doses are...3
   The rhizome of Dioscorea villosa, Linné (Nat. Ord. Dioscoreaceae). A vine found throughout the United States. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common Names:... / ...ony. Though dioscorea has been used largely for nearly a century, its true place in therapeutics is still undetermined, probably because so many impossible claims have been made for it. Hepatic colic ... / ...does not dissolve calculi. Usually, while there is much tenderness in cases requiring dioscorea, the distress is gradually relieved by pressure.3
   The rhizome, roots and seeds of Symplocarpus foetidus, Linné (Nat. Ord. Araceae). A peculiar plant found in moist grounds in the United States.... / ...esh root are of any value. Skunk cabbage was an ingredient of many early Eclectic medicines, and is still a constituent of Acetous Emetic Tincture, Compound Emetic Powder, and Libradol, the magma repr...3
   The feculence of the juice of the fruit of Ecballium Elaterium (Linné), A. Richard. (Nat. Ord. Cucurbitaceae.) A trailing vine of southern... / ...on of elaterium is that for gastro-enteritis in general. In medium doses elaterium has been, and is still to a lesser extent, used as a dehydrating cathartic in chronic dropsies of hepatic or abdomina... / ...is preferred by some physicians, though elaterium, notwithstanding its impurities, seems to be more generally efficient than its derivative.3
   ...posed most largely of a trihydric alcohol (C3H5(OH)3) obtained by the processes of hydrolysis and distillation of fats, both animal and vegetable, or of fixed oils. Description.A thick, syrupy, colo......e of the body. It is also believed to increase energy. Upon the glycogenic function its effects are still in doubt, many contending that it reduces the sugar when in excess in the body. Glycerin is la...... 4 fluidounces. Mix. Sig.: Apply after thoroughly washing and rinsing the hands, and while they are still wet. Sometimes lobelia may be used in place of the arnica. Glycerin, added to poultices, rende...3
   ...A bitter body, tannin, and a volatile oil. Preparations.-1. Aqua Hamamelidis, Hamamelis Water, (Distillate of Hamamelis, Distilled Witch-Hazel, Distilled Extract of Witch-Hazel). Dose, 5 drops to 2 ......e. Action and Therapy.External. Witch-hazel bark and its fluid preparations are astringent. The distillate and the specific medicine are sedative and slightly astringent. The latter two form agreeab...... conditions and where venous relaxation is present. The specific medicine is an elegant and heavy distillate, carrying a large proportion of the oil, as compared to the ordinary distillate, and is mu...3
   The plants Impatiens pallida, Nuttall; and Impatiens capensis, Meerb., (Nat. Ord. Balsaminaceae). Moist shady places and rich soils in the United... / ...vestigated and advised as a potent drug for its influence upon pulmonary tuberculosis. This work is still in the experimental stage, but with promise at least of amelioration of symptoms and gain of w... / ...symptoms is concerned, is unquestioned, but so far we are skeptical concerning its power to destroy the tubercle bacillus within the body.3
   The rhizome and roots of Iris versicolor, Linné (Nat. Ord. Iridaceae). Common in wet places in the United States. Dose, 5 to 20 grains. Common... / ... or dysentery, both with large, slimy evacuations, repeated small doses have proved very effectual. Still for all these bowel troubles it is far inferior to ipecac. It is quite certain, however, to re...3
Physician's Materia Medica on Still
   The flowering tops of the pistillate plant of CANNABIs sa'r1vA, Lin., grown in the East Indies. Antispasmodic, analgesic, deliriant. aphrodisiac. Locally applied it is anti-pruritic. Prescribed in teta nus, in neuralgia, in insomnia and other conditions depending on anemia of the brain, in combating the morphine habit, etc. Dose, 0.2 to 0.6 Grm. (3 to 10 grs.) or more.4
   A tarry product obtained by destructive distillation from certain bituminous rocks in the Tyrol. Used internally and externally in obstinate skin diseases, in rheumatism and erysipelas and as an antiseptic dressing for ulcers and sprains. Dose, for internal use, 0.06 to 0.30 Grm. (1 to 5 grs.).4
   A combination of vegetable alteratives with Potassium Iodide. Not inferior as an antisyphilitic to Bamboo Brier Compound. q. v. Fluid Bed Clover Compound. Each pint represents; Red Clover, 4 1/2 ozs.; Stillingia, Burdock root, Poke root, Berberis Aquifolium. Cascara Amarga, of each 2 1/4 oz.; Prickly Ash bark, 1/2 oz.; Potassium Iodide, 512 grs. (approx.). Used mostly in the form of the syrup, made by mixing one volume of the Fluid with three of Syrup . Dose, 1 to 2 c. c. (15 to 30 M). Syrup Re4
   The root of STILLINGIA SYLVATICA, Lin. Alterative, stimulant to the secretions; in large doses emetic and cathartic. Much used as an alterative in constitutional diseases; valuable in chronic constipation with hemorrhoids.4
   The concrete oleoresin obtained from PINUS PALUSTRIS, Mill. and other species of Pinus. This is now seldom used, but the oil distilled from the fresh oleoresin, Oil of Turpentine, is frequently prescribed. Internally it is stimulant, hemostatic, antiseptic and anthelmintic. It is often prescribed in typhoid fever, for relief of tympanjtes, in in ternal hemorrhages, occasionally in sciatica and lumbago, in purpura hemorrhagica, in chronic bronchitis and chronic affections of the urinary passages,4
   The leaves, also the bark of HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA, Lin. Astringent, hemostatic, emollient, vulnerary. The distilled extract is the preparation most used; being indeed a household remedy for sprains, bruises, swellings and injuries of all kinds. It is equally serviceable in the hands of physicians in treating hemorrhoids. passive hemorrhages, in short in all conditions due to relaxation of venous structures.4
Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on Still
   Ascertain whether constitutional disease or disordered dhrestion is present and modify treatment... / ... prelerably in lozenges, or Fluid Cascara Aromatic, N., B. & Co. Locally, lotions containing milk of sulphur and glycerin, sometimes with a base of distilled extract witch hazel, or ointments containing sulphur. sulphur iodide, resor cin, ichthyol or Iodosyl. Give attention to the diet, which should...4
   Distilled Extract Witch Hazel, Tincture Arnica, Glyceroplasma to reduce swelling, solution of ammonium chloride in diluted alcohol.4
   In simple acute Conjunctivitis, boric acid, 10 grs. to the oz.’ in camphor water, or sodium borate of similar strength; silver... / ...on, mercuric chloride 1l8000, formaldehyd, 13000) with leeches to temples for in flammation; silver nitrate, 15 grs. to fl. oz.; Iodosyl in powder; instilla tions of atropine solution with use of Iodosyl if ulcerations of cornea occur.4
   Astringents, particularly Monsel’s Solution (3 minims well dilut ed), tincture ferric Chloride, tannin, opium and lead acetate; ice swallowed frequently; extract suprarenal capsules; ergot; distilled extract witch hazel.4
   The bowels must be kept free (best by compound liquorice powder, Fl. Ext. Cascara Sagrada... / ...local applica tions (preferably in form of suppository) consist of combinations of tannin, opium and extract of stramonium; extract ergot; cocaine; distilled extract witch hazel. If the tumors (internal hemorrhoids) "come down”, they must be promptly returned and the patient should lie down a shor...4
   Instillation of atropine solution is imperative; leeches to the temple; morphine to control pain. In Syphilitic Iritis mercurials and iodides. In Rheumatic Iritis, salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, aspirin, etc.4
   If hemorrhage is active, ergot is the best remedy, if passive. oil of erigeron (3 m5 minim doses) has the preference. Fluid extract cinnamon is a favorite remedy with some; Elixir Viburnum Com pound, N., B. & Co., is efficient; cannabis indica, black haw, witch hazel (distilled extract) and bromides of potassium and sodium are all useful.4
   Prolonged application of hot water is the most important item in the treatment. If there is persistent swelling, apply Glycemplasma. or cover with bandage saturated with distilled extract witch hazel or tincture arnica. Later apply supporting bandage and use stimulat ing liniments.4
   The usual treatment is by mercurials (mercurous iodide, blue mass. mercury and chalk or corrosive sublimate. the first being generally given preference) continued up to the point of tolerance as much as eighteen months. followed by a course of potassium iodide, sometimes combined still with mercury. Vegetable alteratives are generally prescribed also, and the mercury is sometimes reinforced by combination with gold, as in the Solution Gold and Arsenic Bro mide with Mercury, N., B. & Co.4
References
2) "Citriodiol® Nature's Most Effective Insect Repellent", www.citrefine.com/citriodiol/.
3) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
4) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.
