Ledgend of Medicine

ABIES (Tsuga canadensis)^TSCA
   The bark and prepared resinous exudate of Tsuga canadensis, Carriére (Abies canadensis, Michaux; Pinus canadensis, Linné). (Nat. Ord.... / ...and ulcerations of the nasal fossae and throat. The oil dropped upon boiling water is a timehonored inhalation for croup. It has also been used to advantage in some forms of eczema, particularly the w... / ...be used where there is excessive secretion of mucus and the cough is largely precipitated by a feeble and relaxed state of the uvula and fauces. ²

ACONITUM NEPALLUS
   The dried tuberous root of Aconitum Napellus, Linné (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae). Mountains of Europe and Asia, and northwestern North America.... / ...ntense cutaneous itching. Both are extremely irritating to the nasal and ocular membranes, and when inhaled may give rise to a peculiar local sense of icy-coldness. Administered internally in small do... / ...approaching from the extremities to the body. Excessive sweating comes on, rapidly lowering the body temperature, dimness of vision, ²

ALLIUM CEPA
   The fresh bulb of Allium Cepa, Linné (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). Common in cultivation everywhere. Common Name: Onion. Principal Constituent.—A... / ...ause nausea and disorder digestion. It, together with the onion poultice, are among the good things inherited from domestic medication, and might well be considered in preference to less safe and less... / ...given with an equal quantity of tincture of Xanthium Strumarium. ²

CAMPHORA
   ...els flatus. Large doses may induce vomiting. Camphor is readily absorbed, both from application and inhalation. It is largely changed in the body and is eliminated in the urine as campho-glycuronic ac......, and inflammatory swellings. An ethereal tincture of camphor is said to give relief in erysipelas. Inhaling the spirit, or camphor dropped into hot water, gives relief in nervous headache, and often ...²

DIGITALIS
   ...e nervous system, and then it lessens reflex activity through stimulation of Setschenow's center of inhibition in the medulla, and is followed by depression of the spinal cord and motor nerve trunks a......nimals; apparently they do not take place in man. Therapeutic doses, however, stimulate the cardiac inhibitory and vasomotor centers of the medulla. Digitalis, in moderate doses, has little or no effe...²

EUCALYPTUS^EUAN12
   The leaves of Eucalyptus Globulus, Labillardiere. Collected from the older parts of the tree. (Nat. Ord. Myrtaceae.) A native tree of Australia;... / ...unds, gonorrhoeal discharges, ozoena, septicemia, and gangrene; all with free but fetid discharges. Inhalations of them are especially useful in pulmonary gangrene. Internal. Eucalyptus is a fine stim... / ...Used according to indications as given above, eucalyptus is a very satisfactory and pleasant medicine. It is best given in syrup or glycerin.²

IPECACUANHA (Cephaelis Ipecacuanha).
   The root of (1) Cephaelis Ipecacuanha (Brotero), A. Richard, or of (2) Cephaelis acuminata, Karsten (Nat. Ord. Rubiaceae). Brazil and other parts... / ...ion it excites irritation, and produces vesicular and pustular eruptions and sometimes ulcers. When inhaled it causes heat and violent sneezing. In susceptible individuals the powdered drug excites pr... / ...sight of as a remedy for active hemorrhage. Of course, it operates best where the quantity of blood lost is small. We have seen most excellent r²

LOBELIA^LOBEL
   The leaves, tops, and seeds of Lobelia inflata, Linné (Nat. Ord. Lobeliaceae). Abundant in the United States. Dose, 1 to 60 grains. Common... / ...on may result. In large doses a state of near-collapse is induced. Small doses act upon the cardiac inhibitory apparatus, slowing the heart action, but this is followed by a more or less accelerated p...²

RELATED MEDICINE
   Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum, Linné) and Nicotine. Tobacco was once used to a considerable extent upon painful inflammatory swellings and to relax strangulated... / ...tine, hence this preparation must be used with great caution, and care should be had in handling or inhaling it. A combination of tobacco alkaloids is an ingredient of Libradol.²

MANGIFERA
   The inner bark of the root and tree of Mangifera indica, Linné (Nat. Ord. Anacardiaceae). A native East Indian fruit tree; naturalized in the... / ...be added to two ounces of water. Internal. Owing probably to its tannic acid, and somewhat to other inherent principles, mangifera is a useful drug in relaxation of mucous tissues, associated with cat... / ...and digestion, and apparently is non- constipating. When not contraindicated syrup is a fairly good vehicle for mangifera in throat affections.²

MENTHOL
   Menthol. A secondary alcohol obtained from the oil of Mentha piperita, Linné, or from other oils of mints. It should be kept in well-stoppered... / ...ble in water. It gives a feeling of warmth when tasted, followed by a sensation of cold when air is inhaled or water is drunk. Dose, 1/8 to 2 grains. Specific Indications.—Pruritus; nausea and vomiti... / ...is sometimes of value in hiccough. It should not be used in large doses internally because of the profound nervous disturbances it may occasion.²

OLEUM TEREBINTHINAE RECTIFICATUM
   Rectified Oil of Turpentine, Rectified Turpentine Oil. Description.—A thin colorless liquid corresponding to the properties described under Oleum... / ...creased. Being quickly absorbed it appears in the urine almost immediately after being swallowed or inhaled, imparting to that excretion the characteristic odor of violets. The vapor is irritating to ...²

PHYTOLACCA
   The recently dried root and fruit of Phytolacca americana, Linné (Nat. Ord. Phytolaccaceae). North America, along roadsides and fences, and in... / ...tice of the root, it produces an erythematous, sometimes pustular, eruption. The powdered root when inhaled is very irritating to the respiratory passages, and often produces a severe coryza, with hea...²

PILOCARPUS^PILOC
   The dried leaflets of (1) Pilocarpus Jaborandi, Holmes; or (2) Pilocarpus microphyllus, Stapf (Nat. Ord. Rutaceae). Brazil and Paraguay. Dose, 20... / ...ge doses they are cardiac depressants, probably affecting the heart muscle and to some degree vagal inhibition. The extent to which the vaso-motor system participates in first causing increased and th... / ...bronchial and lachrimal flow. The saliva contains an abundance of ptyalin and salts and readily converts starch into sugar. At times the mucous ²

PODOPHYLLUM
   The dried rhizome and roots of Podophyllum peltatum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Berberidaceae). Rich woods and thickets of North America. Dose, 5 to 30... / ...ly podophyllum and its resin cause irritation and suppuration of the skin and subcutaneous tissues; inhaled they provoke sneezing and violent coryza, and drug workers handling either are sometimes aff...²

ACID SALICYLIC and SALICYLATES
   a. Salicyi iC Acid . An energetic antiseptic with comparatively little poisonous action; inhibits fermentation; used chiefi y in rheuma tism, the free acid acting more powerfully than its salts (e. g. sodium salicylate) but more liable to cause gastric irritation. Dose (in rheu matism) 0.6 to 1.3 Grm. (10 to 20 grs.) four to six times a day. b. Ammonium Salicylate. Properties of Salicylic Acid with some stimulating action. Dose, 0.3 to 1.3 Grm. (5 to 20 grs.). c. Lithium Salicylate. Combines the³

AMYL NITRITE
   Antispasmodic, reducing arterial tension and so causing momen tary acceleration of the heart beat. Used chiefly by inhalation to relax spasm, notably in asthma, in whooping cough. in spasmodic croup, in epileptic seizures, in tetanus and strychnine poisoning and in spasmodic dysmenorrhea. It is a valuable agent also in angina pec toris and in sudden heart failure, but must be used always intelli gently and with due caution remembering that it is a depressant, not a stimulant. Dose. usually 0.13 ³

ETHER (Sulphuric Ether)
   Action resembles that of alcohol, but more transient; cardiac stimulant, general anesthetic. relaxant. Most commonly given by inhalation. A spray is sometimes used to produce local anesthesia by cold. Dose, 2 to 8 c. c. (30 Ill to 2 fluidrachms) or more.³

ETHYL CHLORIDE (Kelene)
   An exceedingly volatile liquid, used sometimes by inhalation to produce transient general anesthesia, more frequently in form of a spray to produce local anesthesia by freezing.³

EUCALYPTUS^EUAN12
   The leaves of EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS, Labili. Stimulant tonic, antiseptic, antiperiodic, stomachic. Valuable in treatment of chronic catarrhal affections of the genito-urinary tract and of the air passages. Locally applied as a disinfectant and vulnerary in treat ing foul ulcers, etc. The oflicial volatile oil is the chief active consti tuent, and of this Euealyptol is the valuable portion. Both are used. especially in spray or by inhalation, in subacute and chronic bronchitis; also internally in d³

SACCHARIN (Glusldum)
   A derivative of toluene, remarkable for its intense sweetness. It inhibits partially the action of digestive enzymes, but is used chiefly as a substitute for sugar where that article is inadmissible.³

ACIDITY OF STOMACH
   If due to fermentation, use antacids as palliatives to relieve im mediate distress, but prescribe also gastric antiseptics. Avoid indigestible food, particularly lats. If acidity is irom hyper-secretion, the remedies are antacids and henbane, for its inhibitive action on the secretions. In chronic gastric catarrh, bismuth. silver nitrate, antacids combined with salines. In all severe cases. lavage is the most useful treatment.³

ANGINA PECTORIS
   ...ith avoidance of all forms of excitement or violent exertion; cardiac tonics, arsenic or as an alterative phosphorus. During at tack, amyl nitrite by inhalation, nitroglycerin in solution or hypoder matically; for more prolonged action, sodium nitrite. If blood pre - sure is not high, in place of th......nts, Elixir Digitalin Compound, N., B. & Co. or compound spirit ether. Other remedies of value are antipyrin, injections of morphine and atropine and inhalations of oxygen.³

ASTHMA
   For immediate relief, the smoke from mixtures of stramonium or henbane leaves with nitre and a... / ...rphine (used with due caution); in selected cases, amyl nitrite or nitroglyce rin. Sometimes strong coffee will relieve; antipyrin may give relief or inhalations of oxygen; if of nasal origin application to nasal mu cous membrane of a six per cent. solution of cocaine hydrochloride, See that all hyg... / ...of residence.³

BRONCHITIS
   ...e tea or other hot infusion), yconite if required for fever, application to chest of Phenol Camphor; ipecac and potassium salts to promote secretion; inhalations of steam or of moisture-laden air. Later adapt remedies to condition of patient. As expectorants use ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate......ay excessive cough. As case progresses, use terpin hydrate or terebene, oil oi sandalwood, eucalyptol and similar remedies. Eucalyptol in spray or by inhalation is very eflicient. When there is hypersecretion, avoid ammonium chloride and use belladonna, strychnine and counter-irritation.³

CALCULI, BILIARY
   Relieve pain by hypodermatic injection of morphine and atropine and by cautious inhalations of chloroform, 20 to 30 minims at a... / Relieve pain by hypodermatic injection of morphine and atropine and by cautious inhalations of chloroform, 20 to 30 minims at a time. Give olive oil (not less than half a pint, to which 30 to 60 minims of ether may be added). Trea... / ...mineral waters, effervesciug granules Vichy, oil turpentine internally.³

CONVULSIONS
   ... chloral are the most important remedies, aromatic castor oil being often more useful than any sedative. For adults chloral, or chloroform cautiously inhaled. If hysterical in character, valerian and similar agents. In Puerperal Convulsions, the first indication is to eliminate poisons from the syst......tion if the case demands; Tonic Pilocarpine Compound as a diuretic, or submammary injection of normal salt solution. Control convul sions by cautious inhalations of chloroform, aided by chloral hydrate and potassium bromide. Morphine may be useful, or amyl nitrite. If convulsions complicate labor, d...³

CORYZA
   Treat early stage as in acute bronchitis. The local congestion may be relieved by application of a 4 per cent. solution of cocaine, or a solution of suprarenal extract. Spray or vapor of camphor and menthol or use by inhaler of a little Phenol Camphor gives much relief. Alkal-Antiseptine with nasal douche is a useful remedy.³

LARYNGITIS
   General treatment the same as in acute bronchitis or coryza, As special remedies, inhalations of steam from water to which has been added compound tincture benzoin or Antiseptine or in later stages eucalyptol (a few drops) or menthol, or these latter may be mixed with albolene and used in spray. As local application, at first Glyceroplasma or Phenol Camphor (a few drops several times a day), later oil turpentine or tincture iodine as counter-irritant.³

PERTUSSIS
   Of the numerous remedies prescribed in whooping cough, those which have given best satisfaction are; Bromoform (conveniently in form of Bromofonn Bronchial... / ...or with formaldehyde vapor is the most effective remedy, although not always practicable. In severe paroxysms, a little chloroform or amyl nitrite by inhalation gives relief.³

TETANUS
   Tetanus antitoxin should be administered at once, and convul sions combated by inhalations of chloroform or by chloral combined with potassium bromide (see Bromanodyne, Part I). Other remedies are cocaine or a combination of this with morphine and atropine, hypodermatically; Fowler’s solution; calabar bean; pilocarpine (the last to eliminate the toxin).³

UREMIA
   Promote elimination by skin and bowels; Tonic Pilocarpine Com pound, N., B. & Co. with the hot pack for the former; elaterium for the latter. For convulsions, chloral and bromides (Bromanodyne) or chloroform (by inhalation). Vt!ut3S€3Ctl()n must be considered, with the alternative of intravenous injection of normal salt solution.³