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What is infectious mononucleosis (mono)?
Infectious mononucleosis (mono) is a disease caused by viruses.The most common cause is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Mono is contagious, which means it can spread from person to person. It is common among teenagers and young adults, especially college students.
What causes infectious mononucleosis (mono)?Mono can be caused by many different viruses. But it is most often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is found all over the world. Most people get an EBV infection at some point in their lives, but only some of them will get the symptoms of mono. EBV infections often happen during childhood or when someone is a young adult. EBV infections in children usually do not cause symptoms. And when they do, it's hard to tell the difference between the symptoms of mono and the symptoms of other common childhood illnesses such as the flu. Teens and young adults who get EBV are more likely to have symptoms that are typical of mono.
EBV and the other viruses that cause mono are usually spread through body fluids, especially saliva (spit). This means that you can get it through kissing. That's why mono is sometimes called "the kissing disease." But you can also get these viruses if you share food, drinks, forks, spoons, or lip balm with someone who has mono. Other less common ways of getting an infection are through blood transfusions, organ transplants, and blood and semen during sexual contact.
What are the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis (mono)?The symptoms of mono usually start four to six weeks after you get the infection. But they may start sooner in young children. The symptoms often develop slowly, and they may not all happen at the same time. They can include:
- Extreme fatigue
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Head and body aches
- Swollen lymph glands in your neck and armpits
- Rash
- Swollen liver, spleen, or both (these are less common symptoms)
Most people get better in two to four weeks. However, some people may feel fatigued for several more weeks. Occasionally, the symptoms can last for six months or longer.
How is infectious mononucleosis (mono) diagnosed?Your healthcare provider may diagnose mono based on your symptoms and a physical exam. The exam will include checking to see if your lymph nodes, tonsils, liver, or spleen are swollen. In some cases, your provider might also order a mono test to confirm the diagnosis.
What are the treatments for infectious mononucleosis (mono)?- Drinking plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration.
- Getting lots of rest.
- Taking over-the-counter medications for pain and fever. But don't give aspirin to children or teens because it may cause Reye syndrome. This syndrome is a rare, serious illness that can affect the brain and liver.
If you have severe symptoms, your provider may suggest additional treatment based on which organs in your body are affected by the mono.
Antibiotics don't treat viral infections, so they do not help with mono. Some people do get bacterial infections such as strep throat along with mono. In that case, you probably need antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection. But you should not take penicillin antibiotics like ampicillin or amoxicillin. Those antibiotics can cause a rash in people who have mono.
Mono can cause an enlarged spleen, which could rupture and cause a medical emergency. To try to protect the spleen, providers recommend avoiding intense exercise and contact sports until you fully recover (about a month).
Can infectious mononucleosis (mono) be prevented?There is no vaccine to protect against mono. To lower your chance of getting or spreading mono:
- Don't share food, drinks, forks, spoons, or lip balm with anyone, especially if you or the other person has mono.
- Don't kiss someone if you or the other person has mono.
- Wash your hands often with soap and water.
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This Set Of Tooling Services Brings Together Many Health And Biomedical Vocabularies And Standards To
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This Training Program Provides Biomedical And Clinical Informatics Training And Research Opportunities
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The Library Started As A Shelf Of Books In The Surgeon General’s Office In 1836 But Has Grown To A
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Official Websites Use .gov
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The .gov Website. Share Sensitive Information Only On Official,
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highlights
of Interest
nih-developed Ai Algorithm Matches Potential Volunteers To Clinical Trials
researchers From Nlm And The National Cancer Institute Have Developed An Artificial Intelligence (ai) Algorithm To Help Speed Up The Process Of Matching Potential Volunteers To Relevant Clinical Research Trials Listed On Clinicaltrials.gov. A Study Published In nature Communications Found That The Ai Algorithm, Called Trialgpt, Could Successfully Identify Relevant Clinical Trials For Which A Person Is Eligible And Provide A Summary That Clearly Explains How That Person Meets The Criteria For Study Enrollment. The Researchers Concluded That This Tool Could Help Clinicians Navigate The Vast And Ever-changing Range Of Clinical Trials Available To Their Patients, Which May Lead To Improved Clinical Trial Enrollment And Faster Progress In Medical Research.
research At Nlm
nlm Division Of Intramural Research
Intramural Research At Nlm Consists Of The Development And Application Of
Computational Approaches To A Broad Range Of Problems In Biomedicine, Molecular Biology, And Health.
read Research Highlights | Meet Our Principal
Investigators | Explore Training
Opportunities
history Of Medicine At Nlm
biomedical And Clinical Informatics At Nlm
-
Efficient Health Care Information Exchange In The Us And Worldwide Is Made Possible By Nlm’s Work With It Data Standards.
-
This Set Of Tooling Services Brings Together Many Health And Biomedical Vocabularies And Standards To Enable Interoperability Between Computer Systems.
-
This Training Program Provides Biomedical And Clinical Informatics Training And Research Opportunities For Individuals At Various Stages In Their Career.
about Nlm
-
The Library Started As A Shelf Of Books In The Surgeon General’s Office In 1836 But Has Grown To A Collection Of Millions Of Print And Electronic Resources.
-
The Diverse Centers, Divisions, Advisory Bodies And Other Organizational Units That Make Up Nlm Contribute In Myriad Ways To The Library’s Mission.
-
this Ten Year Plan Outlines Nlm's Role In A Future Where Data And Information Transform And Accelerate Biomedical Discovery And Improve Health And Health Care.
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- Method of treating tonsillitis and/or pharyngitis secondary to streptococcus pyogenes in a once-a-day amoxicillin product.
- Use of once-a-day amoxicillin product to treat tonsillitis and/or pharyngitis secondary to streptococcus pyogenes.