Flow
What is coronary artery disease?
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease in the United States and a leading cause of death for both men and women.
CAD affects the coronary arteries, which are the blood vessels that carry blood and oxygen to your heart muscle. When these arteries are damaged or diseased, your heart does not get the blood it needs.
What causes coronary artery disease?CAD develops slowly over time when plaque builds up inside your coronary arteries. Plaque is a waxy, sticky substance made of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other materials found in your blood. This buildup is called atherosclerosis.
As plaque grows, it narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow to your heart muscle. Over time, this can partly or fully block the flow of blood and oxygen your heart needs to work properly.
What are the types of coronary artery disease?- Obstructive CAD is when a large coronary artery is narrowed by 50% or more, significantly reducing blood flow.
- Nonobstructive CAD is when a large coronary artery is narrowed by less than 50%.
- Coronary microvascular disease affects the heart's tiny blood vessels. Damage to the walls of these small vessels reduces blood flow to your heart. This type is more common in women.
You may be more likely to develop CAD if you:
- Eat a diet high in saturated fat
- Smoke or use tobacco products
- Are not physically active
- Are overweight or have obesity
- Have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or high blood glucose (diabetes)
- Have a family history of heart disease, especially in a parent or sibling who had it before age 50
- Are getting older, especially men, who tend to develop CAD earlier in life than women
Your health care provider may use a risk calculator to estimate your chance of having a heart attack or stroke in the next 10 years. Talk with your provider about your personal risk.
What are symptoms of coronary artery disease?Symptoms of CAD vary from person to person. Some people have no symptoms at all. Others do not know they have CAD until they have a heart attack or their heart suddenly stops beating (cardiac arrest).
When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Chest pain, pressure, tightness, or discomfort that may spread to your neck, jaw, shoulder or arm
- Shortness of breath
- Feeling unusually fatigued
These symptoms may start or get worse when you are active or under stress and may go away with rest. They can also get worse over time as plaque continues to build up.
Get emergency help right away if you have chest pain or discomfort that does not go away or happens while you are resting. This may be a sign of a heart attack. Call 911.
What other problems does coronary artery disease cause?Over time, reduced blood flow from CAD can lead to serious heart problems, including:
- Angina, which is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to your heart
- Heart attack, which occurs when a blood clot suddenly blocks blood flow to part of your heart, causing permanent damage to your heart muscle
- Heart failure, which occurs when your heart can't pump enough blood to meet your body's needs
- Arrhythmia, which is a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat
To find out if you have CAD, your provider may:
- Ask about your symptoms
- Ask about your personal and family health history
- Review your risk factors and lifestyle habits
- Do a physical exam, including checking your blood pressure
- Order blood tests, including checking your cholesterol and blood glucose
- Order heart health tests
If you have CAD, your provider will work with you to create a treatment plan based on which arteries are affected, how much blood flow is blocked, and what other health conditions you have. Treatments may include:
- Heart-healthy lifestyle changes, such as eating a heart-healthy diet, being more active, and quitting smoking
- Medicines to lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, control blood glucose, or prevent blood clots
- Procedures or surgery, such as angioplasty, or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), to open or bypass blocked arteries
- Cardiac rehabilitation, to improve your quality of life and help prevent future heart problems
You may be able to lower your risk of CAD or slow its progress by managing risk factors and making healthy lifestyle choices. Steps that may help include:
- Choosing heart-healthy foods
- Being physically active on a regular basis
- Reaching or maintaining a healthy weight
- Not smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke
- Limiting alcohol
- Managing stress
- Getting enough good-quality sleep
NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Flow FDA Approved Drugs
- Administration of a composition comprising insulin complexed with a diketopiperazine..
- Administration of a composition comprising insulin complexed with microparticles of a diketopiperazine..
- Administration of fdkp microparticles comprising insulin..
- Method of aerosolizing/deagglomerating an insulin dry powder for use in treating diabetes mellitus via oral inhalation using an inhaler with a cartridge containing the insulin dry powder..
- Method of controlling glycemia in diabetics by administering an initial dose of insulin-fdkp with a meal; determining blood glucose level 1-2 hrs after and administering a supplemental dose of insulin-fdkp if postprandial glucose level is >140 mg/dl.
- Method of delivering to a patient with diabetes mellitus in a single inhalation, greater than 75% of a dry powder dose comprising insulin and fumaryl diketopiperazine using a high resistance to flow dry powder inhaler..
- Pulmonary administration of a compisition comprising insulin bound to a diketopiperazine..
- Pulmonary administration of a composition comprising insulin bound to a complexing agent..
- Pulmonary administration of an insulin composition comprising fdkp at the beginning of a meal to a patient also being treated with a long-acting insulin..
- Treatment of a patient having diabetes mellitus with a prandial rapid acting insulin..
- Treatment of diabetes mellitus with an inhaled insulin to improve glycemic control using a dry powder inhalation system comprising an inhaler, a cartridge and a dry powder medicament comprising insulin in a single inhalation.
- Treatment of patient having diabetes mellitus via oral inhalation of fdkp microparticles comprising insulin.
- Use of an inhaler to administer dry powder medicament.
- Indicated for the long-term, once-daily, maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema..
- The long term, once-daily maintenance bronchodilator treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema.
- Use in the long-term, maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd).
- For the long-term, once-daily maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with copd, including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema, also to reduce exacerbations of copd in patients with a history of exacerbations.
- Indicated for long-term, once-daily maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in pts with copd, including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema, also to reduce exacerbations of copd in pts with a history of exacerbations.
- Indicated for the once-daily inhaled treatment for asthma in adults aged 18 years and older.
- Long-term, once daily maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in pts with copd, including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema, also to reduce exacerbations of copd in patients with a history of exacerbations.
- Indicated for the long-term, once-daily, maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema..
- A method of myocardial perfusion imaging and increasing coronary blood flow.
- Method for stimulating coronary vasodilation for purposes of imaging the heart.
- Method for stimulating coronoary vasodilation for purposes of imaging the heart.
- Method of myocardial imaging.
- Method of producing coronary vasodilation without peripheral vasodilation.
- A method of increasing the bioavailability of guaifenesin in a solution containing 54% to 66% by weight of propylene glycol and glycerol, wherein the method increases the cmax by at least 1.5 and/or increases the auc (0-inf) by at least 1.4.
- Long - term maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd).
- Long - term maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd).
Home Remedies for Flow
   Steep 1 tablespoon of dried linden flower in a cup of hot water for 15 minutes. Drink 3 to 4 cups per day. Seek medical help if your fever last more than 1 day. For fever above 102F, take lukewarm bath to reduce temperature below 102F.LoisaAllcott | November 4th, 2017
   Emergency remedies can help calm pets in stressful situations. Homeopathic flower remedy is given to you pen though drops on treat or water.
Mechanism - Helianthemum, Nummularium, Clematic Vitalba, Impatiens grandulifera...NathanielHawthorne | July 15th, 2018
   Red clover (Trifolium pratense) contains antimicrobials and anti-inflammatory substances. It... / ...al: Make tea from the 1 ounce red clover tops in 1 quart of water. Strain the cooled liquid. Drink the tea in throughout the day.
Externally: Heat flowering red clover plant in water just below boiling until plant is soft. Remove water and make a paste from the plant. Then add a little white fl...
Mechanism - allantoin and othersIvanTurgenev | August 12th, 2020
   Olive Oil contains omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Omega-3 are prostaglandins which increase blood flow, reduce inflammation and the formation of blood clots. Three polyphenolic compounds in olive oil, oleuropein, tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, along with mono-unsaturated fat, may be responsible for preventing LDL cholesterol from being oxidized and sticking to the inner walls of arteries. This is referred to as plaque, which restricts blood flow.
Mechanism - oleuropein, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosolSleslie | August 27th, 2020
Felter's Materia Medica on Flow
   The flowering tops and leaves of Artemisia Absinthium, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae); Europe, Siberia, Barbary, Newfoundland, and the United States; naturalized in New England; cultivated. Dose,... / The flowering tops and leaves of Artemisia Absinthium, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae); Europe, Siberia, B... / ...less agreeable than santonin, it may also be used for the expulsion of the intestinal parasites-Ascaris vermicularis and Ascaris lumbricoides. The oil may be given in doses of 1 to 5 drops. 3
   The rhizome of Aletris farinosa, Linné, gathered after the plant has flowered (Nat. Ord. Haemodoraceae). United States. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common Names:... / The rhizome of Aletris farinosa, Linné, gathered after the plant has flowered (Nat. Ord. Haemodoraceae). United States. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common Names: Blazing Star,... / ...Even the carminative effects thus ascribed would seem to belong to helonias rather than to aletris, which is neither bitter nor aromatic like the former. 3
   The bulb of Allium sativum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). Sicily, Asia Minor, and Central Asia; cultivated also in the United States and Europe.... / ...ay be applied with benefit in acute respiratory and abdominal inflammations. It sometimes excites a flow of urine in atony of the bladder, and in gastro-intestinal catarrh it is as efficient as the sp...3
   The dried juice of the leaves of several species of Aloe: (1) Aloe Perryi, Baker; (2) Aloe vera, Linné; (3) Aloe ferox, Miller. (Nat. Ord.... / ...lvic debility and general ill-health. It is still a debatable question whether aloes influences the flow of bile. When, however, jaundice is coexistent with torpor of the hemorrhoidal veins, it may be...3
   The flower-heads of Anthemis nobilis, Linné, (Nat. Ord. Compositae). Collected from... / The flower-heads of Anthemis nobilis, Linné, (Nat. Ord. Compositae). Collected from cultivated plants. ......elieve colds due to sudden cutaneous chilling, and in dysmenorrhea to check pain and facilitate the flow. The oil may be employed for a like purpose, and for intestinal cramps and colic due to flatule...3
   Rose Water. Stronger Rose Water mixed with an equal part of distilled water, immediately before dispensing. Description.A clear aqueous... / ...having the pleasant odor of roses. [Stronger Rose Water is a saturated, aqueous distillate from the flowers of the hundred-leaved rose (Rosa centifolia, Linné, Nat. Ord. Rosaceae). It is colorless an... / ...Aquae Rosæ), or so-called Cold Cream. Equal parts of Rose Water and Glycerin is a favorite perfumed lotion for chapped hands, lips, and face. 3
   The dried flower-heads of Arnica montana, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). A perennial of Siberia and the cooler......listers, and often grave constitutional symptoms. In this respect the alcoholic preparations of the flowers are most active, and for this reason full strength preparations should not be used upon the ......her insects. Preparations of the root are less liable to excite dermatitis, and the infusion of the flowers is less irritant than the tincture. After applying the latter, which should always be well d...3
   A balsam obtained from Toluifera Pereirae (Royle) Baillon. San Salvador in Central America; called Balsam of Peru because first exported to Europe... / ...g and diarrhea. Internally it causes increased circulation, some cutaneous warmth, and augments the flow of urine and the bronchial secretions. It is excreted by the respiratory mucosa, skin, and kidn... / ...balsam should not be used in inflammatory or febrile conditions; and its use should be discontinued if it produces gastro-intestinal irritation.3
   The recent root and leaves of Baptisia tinctoria, Robert Brown (Nat. Ord. Leguminosae), a perennial shrub-like plant, indigenous to North... / ...gue with pasty coating, the fetor of mouth, sordes, upon teeth and lips, and the sluggish capillary flow. Its usefulness in typhoid or enteric fever is one of record. One or more of the foregoing symp... / ...healing of the ulcerated surfaces. In all of the local disorders mentioned, baptisia should be given internally as well as applied locally.3
   The fresh, green stems and the flowers of Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.) Britt.... / The fresh, green stems and the flowers of Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.) Britt. & Rose (and other Selenicereus speciesMM) (Cereus......n Italy; cultivated in greenhouses in the United States. Common Names: Night-blooming Cereus, Large-flowering Cactus, Sweet-scented Cactus. Principal Constituents.Cactus has not been satisfactorily ... / ...cardiac remedies. It is a good remedy in the heart troubles produced by to3
   The seeds of Caffea arabica, Linné (Nat. Ord. Rubiaceae). Native of Arabia-Felix and Ethiopia; and extensively cultivated in Asia and America... / ...Under its use the intellect is quickened to an extraordinary degree, thinking is facilitated, ideas flow freely, the reasoning faculty is sharpened, and an enormous amount of mental and physical work ... / ...preferably without sugar or cream; for use in narcotic poisoning very strong, black coffee may be given freely, both by mouth and per rectum.3
   The rhizome of Acorus Calamus, Linné (Nat. Ord. Acoraceae). Common in wet and muddy grounds everywhere in the Northern Hemisphere. Dose, 5 to 40... / ...alis, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). Southern Europe and the Orient; largely cultivated as a garden flower. Dose, 1 to 60 grains. Common Names: Marigold, Garden Marigold, Marygold. Principal Constitue... / ...value in all of the local conditions named it has been much overrated, and its real medicinal worth obscured by extravagant praise.3
   The florets of Calendula... / ...alis, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). Southern Europe and the Orient; largely cultivated as a garden flower. Dose, 1 to 60 grains. Common Names: Marigold, Garden Marigold, Marygold. Principal Constitue... / ...value in all of the local conditions named it has been much overrated, and its real medicinal worth obscured by extravagant praise.3
   ...tely before meals. Their effect upon the stomach is to increase local circulatory dilation, a freer flow of gastric juice, increase of mucus, and increased muscular action. On account of the action up...... gastric juice, increase of mucus, and increased muscular action. On account of the action upon the flow of mucus they should not be administered for too long a period lest gastric irritability and co......ins good. It is largely ineffectual also when organic disease of the stomach prevents the normal outflow of gastric juice. When given, the small doses are preferable to large ones; and on account of t...3
   The dried flowering tops of the female plant of Cannabis sativa, Linné, or the variety indica, Lamarck (Nat. Ord. Cannabinaceae). Asia, East Indies, and cultivated in other parts of the... / The dried flowering tops of the female plant of Cannabis sativa, Linné, or the variety indica, Lamarck (Nat. ... / ...with insomnia. Secondly, it allays irritation of the urino-genital tract and relieves pain. For the first condition it is invaluable in more or less painful conditions in which opium see3
Physician's Materia Medica on Flow
   The flowering herb of SABBATIA ANGULARIs, Pursh. A bitter tonic, used as a prophylactic against intermittent fever, having de cided anti-periodic efficiency. Otherwise used in much the same way as Columbo.4
   The flowers, also the root of ARNICA MONTANA, Lin. The flowers are stimulant, irritant and vulnerary; used almost exclusively in form of tincture externally applied for sprains, bruises, etc. The root is used internally as a stimulant to the arterial and nervous systems, prescribed especially in typhoid conditions.4
   The leaves and flowering tops of EUPATORIU M PERFOLIATUM, Lin. Tonic, diaphoretic, febrifuge. in large doses laxative and nauseant or emetic. The remedy deserves more attention than it has received, its range of use being essentially the same as that of Matricaria.4
   The flowering tops of the pistillate plant of CANNABIs sa'r1vA, Lin., grown in the East Indies. Antispasmodic, analgesic, deliriant. aphrodisiac. Locally applied it is anti-pruritic. Prescribed in teta nus, in neuralgia, in insomnia and other conditions depending on anemia of the brain, in combating the morphine habit, etc. Dose, 0.2 to 0.6 Grm. (3 to 10 grs.) or more.4
   The flower heads of MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA, Lin. Tonic, antisp asmodic. anthelmintic, in large doses nauvant; in hot infusion, diaphoretic and emmenagogua4
   The flowering heads of ANTHEMIS NOBILIS, Lin. Tonic, sto machic, antispasmodic; in hot infusion diaphoretic and emmenagogue.4
   The flower heads of TRIFOLIUM PRATENsE, Lin. Alterative, deobstruent, antispasmodic. Used occasionally in whooping cough, more often as an alterative in scrofulous and syphilitic affections.4
   The flower buds of EUGENIA AROMATICA, (L.) 0. Kze. Carmina tive, stomachic; locally applied, counter-irritant. analgesic. The active constituent is the oflicial volatile oil, much used for relief of toothache.4
   The bark of the root of CORNUS FLORIDA, Lin. Bitter tonic. slightly astringent, antiperiodic; a succedaneum for Cinchona bark.4
   The flowers (corollas) of SAMBUCUS CANADENSIS, Lin. Stimulant diaphoretic, diuretic, refrigerant. Externally applied in fomenta tions and poultices in glandular engorgements, erysipelas, etc,4
References
2) Brooks, Lisa. . Morton Grove: Publications International, 2017.
3) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
4) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.
