Measure
What is cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all the cells in your body. Your liver makes cholesterol, and it is also in some foods, such as meat and dairy products. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But if you have too much cholesterol in your blood, you have a higher risk of coronary artery disease.
How do you measure cholesterol levels?A blood test called a lipoprotein panel can measure your cholesterol levels. Before the test, you'll need to fast (not eat or drink anything but water) for 9 to 12 hours. The test gives information about your:
- Total cholesterol - a measure of the total amount of cholesterol in your blood. It includes both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
- LDL (bad) cholesterol - the main source of cholesterol buildup and blockage in the arteries
- HDL (good) cholesterol - HDL helps remove cholesterol from your arteries
- Non-HDL - this number is your total cholesterol minus your HDL. Your non-HDL includes LDL and other types of cholesterol such as VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein).
- Triglycerides - another form of fat in your blood that can raise your risk for heart disease, especially in women
Cholesterol numbers are measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Here are the healthy levels of cholesterol, based on your age and gender:
Anyone age 19 or younger:
Type of CholesterolHealthy LevelTotal CholesterolLess than 170mg/dLNon-HDLLess than 120mg/dLLDLLess than 100mg/dLHDLMore than 45mg/dLMen age 20 or older:
Type of CholesterolHealthy LevelTotal Cholesterol125 to 200mg/dLNon-HDLLess than 130mg/dLLDLLess than 100mg/dLHDL40mg/dL or higherWomen age 20 or older:
Type of CholesterolHealthy LevelTotal Cholesterol125 to 200mg/dLNon-HDLLess than 130mg/dLLDLLess than 100mg/dLHDL50mg/dL or higherTriglycerides are not a type of cholesterol, but they are part of a lipoprotein panel (the test that measures cholesterol levels). A normal triglyceride level is below 150 mg/dL. You might need treatment if you have triglyceride levels that are borderline high (150-199 mg/dL) or high (200 mg/dL or more).
How often should I get a cholesterol test?When and how often you should get a cholesterol test depends on your age, risk factors, and family history. The general recommendations are:
For people who are age 19 or younger:
- The first test should be between ages 9 to 11
- Children should have the test again every 5 years
- Some children may have this test starting at age 2 if there is a family history of high blood cholesterol, heart attack, or stroke
For people who are age 20 or older:
- Younger adults should have the test every 5 years
- Men ages 45 to 65 and women ages 55 to 65 should have it every 1 to 2 years
A variety of things can affect cholesterol levels. These are some things you can do to lower your cholesterol levels:
- Diet. Saturated fat and cholesterol in the food you eat make your blood cholesterol level rise. Saturated fat is the main problem, but cholesterol in foods also matters. Reducing the amount of saturated fat in your diet helps lower your blood cholesterol level. Foods that have high levels of saturated fats include some meats, dairy products, chocolate, baked goods, and deep-fried and processed foods.
- Weight. Being overweight is a risk factor for heart disease. It also tends to increase your cholesterol. Losing weight can help lower your LDL (bad) cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. It also raises your HDL (good) cholesterol level.
- Physical Activity. Not being physically active is a risk factor for heart disease. Regular physical activity can help lower LDL (bad) cholesterol and raise HDL (good) cholesterol levels. It also helps you lose weight. You should try to be physically active for 30 minutes on most, if not all, days.
- Smoking.Cigarette smoking lowers your HDL (good) cholesterol. HDL helps to remove bad cholesterol from your arteries. So a lower HDL can contribute to a higher level of bad cholesterol.
Things outside of your control that can also affect cholesterol levels include:
- Age and Sex. As women and men get older, their cholesterol levels rise. Before the age of menopause, women have lower total cholesterol levels than men of the same age. After the age of menopause, women's LDL (bad) cholesterol levels tend to rise.
- Heredity. Your genes partly determine how much cholesterol your body makes. High blood cholesterol can run in families.
- Race. Certain races may have an increased risk of high blood cholesterol. For example, African Americans typically have higher HDL and LDL cholesterol levels than whites.
There are two main ways to lower your cholesterol:
- Heart-healthy lifestyle changes, which include:
- Heart-healthy eating. A heart-healthy eating plan limits the amount of saturated and trans fats that you eat. Examples include the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet and the DASH Eating Plan.
- Weight Management. If you are overweight, losing weight can help lower your LDL (bad) cholesterol.
- Physical Activity. Everyone should get regular physical activity (30 minutes on most, if not all, days).
- Managing stress. Research has shown that chronic stress can sometimes raise your LDL cholesterol and lower your HDL cholesterol.
- Quitting smoking.Quitting smoking can raise your HDL cholesterol. Since HDL helps to remove LDL cholesterol from your arteries, having more HDL can help to lower your LDL cholesterol.
- Drug Treatment. If lifestyle changes alone do not lower your cholesterol enough, you may also need to take medicines. There are several types of cholesterol medicines available, including statins. The medicines work in different ways and can have different side effects. Talk to your health care provider about which one is right for you. While you are taking medicines to lower your cholesterol, you should continue with the lifestyle changes.
NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Measure FDA Approved Drugs
RYANODEX [Dantrolene Sodium2C14H9N4O52Na7H2O]
RX
- 250mg/vial (intravenous for suspension)
Eagle PharmsJul 22, 2014
- For use in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia in conjunction with appropriate supportive measures and for the prevention of malignant hyperthermia in patients at high risk..
WARNING: Consult a licensed physician in the appropriate field for medical treatment and drug prescription. Do not self medicate.
WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.
Felter's Materia Medica on Measure
ARNICA MONTANA
The dried flower-heads of Arnica montana, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). A perennial of Siberia and the cooler parts of Europe; also found in... / ...fic medicine preferably, and the diluted tincture applied locally are among the most serviceable of measures. Arnica frequently relieves heart-strain due to exertion, overwork, or from long marchi...1
The dried flower-heads of Arnica montana, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). A perennial of Siberia and the cooler parts of Europe; also found in... / ...fic medicine preferably, and the diluted tincture applied locally are among the most serviceable of measures. Arnica frequently relieves heart-strain due to exertion, overwork, or from long marchi...1
CACTUS (Selenicereus spp.)
...ily. Eclectics have also noted that it improves the nutrition of the heart muscle and thus is, in a measure, a structural remedy also. By improving the nutrition of the organ it is possible, in some i......the heart is manifested when the disorder is functional; organic conditions are only benefited in a measure. However, some who are antagonists of Eclectic medicine, who are generally skeptical regardi...1
...ily. Eclectics have also noted that it improves the nutrition of the heart muscle and thus is, in a measure, a structural remedy also. By improving the nutrition of the organ it is possible, in some i......the heart is manifested when the disorder is functional; organic conditions are only benefited in a measure. However, some who are antagonists of Eclectic medicine, who are generally skeptical regardi...1
CAPSELLACAPSE
The freshly dried plant Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Moench (Nat. Ord. Cruciferae). A common weed, native of Europe, but naturalized... / ..., and indigestion and dyspepsia of an atonic type. Slightly stimulant it sometimes aids when simple measures are desired in amenorrhea. In chronic menorrhagia, with a too long or too frequent and almo... / ...with phosphatic deposits or passive hemorrhage.1
The freshly dried plant Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Moench (Nat. Ord. Cruciferae). A common weed, native of Europe, but naturalized... / ..., and indigestion and dyspepsia of an atonic type. Slightly stimulant it sometimes aids when simple measures are desired in amenorrhea. In chronic menorrhagia, with a too long or too frequent and almo... / ...with phosphatic deposits or passive hemorrhage.1
CONIUM
The full grown fruit, gathered green, of Conium maculatum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae). Europe and Asia; naturalized in the United... / ...ut more than likely of a strumous character. At any rate we are not justified in delaying necessary measures by a long course of conium medication with uncertain prospects of relief in undoubted scirr...1
The full grown fruit, gathered green, of Conium maculatum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae). Europe and Asia; naturalized in the United... / ...ut more than likely of a strumous character. At any rate we are not justified in delaying necessary measures by a long course of conium medication with uncertain prospects of relief in undoubted scirr...1
ECHINACEA
The dried root of Brauneria angustifolia, Linné (Echinacea angustifolia [DeCandolle], Heller). (Nat. Ord. Compositae.) In rich prairie soils of... / ...tes the near-necrosed tissue to activity and overcomes the fetid odor, thus contributing in a large measure to aid more specific agents. A 10 to 50 per cent solution may be used to cleanse abscess cav... / ...cent solution to full strength echinacea or echafolta may be freely used, syringing the channels with it. This gives great relief from pain 1
The dried root of Brauneria angustifolia, Linné (Echinacea angustifolia [DeCandolle], Heller). (Nat. Ord. Compositae.) In rich prairie soils of... / ...tes the near-necrosed tissue to activity and overcomes the fetid odor, thus contributing in a large measure to aid more specific agents. A 10 to 50 per cent solution may be used to cleanse abscess cav... / ...cent solution to full strength echinacea or echafolta may be freely used, syringing the channels with it. This gives great relief from pain 1
GLYCERINUM
Glycerin, Glycerol. A liquid composed most largely of a trihydric alcohol (C3H5(OH)3) obtained by the processes of hydrolysis and distillation of... / ...absorbed by the intestines and is mostly oxidized in the body. By some it is thought to be, in some measure at least, a food, and indirectly a conservator of fats through its effects of increasing the... / ...A 5 per cent solution of phenol in glycerin upon cotton may be used for insertion into the aural canal after rupture of the membrana tympani wh1
Glycerin, Glycerol. A liquid composed most largely of a trihydric alcohol (C3H5(OH)3) obtained by the processes of hydrolysis and distillation of... / ...absorbed by the intestines and is mostly oxidized in the body. By some it is thought to be, in some measure at least, a food, and indirectly a conservator of fats through its effects of increasing the... / ...A 5 per cent solution of phenol in glycerin upon cotton may be used for insertion into the aural canal after rupture of the membrana tympani wh1
HELONIASHELON
The rhizome of Chamaelirium luteum, Gray (Helonias dioica, Pursh)-(Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). Abundant in woodlands, meadows, and wet places in some... / ...ociated with enfeebled body, impaired memory, and mental apathy. In chlorotic anemia dependent in a measure upon uterine and ovarian weakness, it is also asserted to be very serviceable, and reputed t... / ...gastric complications of albuminuria.1
The rhizome of Chamaelirium luteum, Gray (Helonias dioica, Pursh)-(Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). Abundant in woodlands, meadows, and wet places in some... / ...ociated with enfeebled body, impaired memory, and mental apathy. In chlorotic anemia dependent in a measure upon uterine and ovarian weakness, it is also asserted to be very serviceable, and reputed t... / ...gastric complications of albuminuria.1
JUGLANS CINEREA
The bark of the root of Juglans cinerea, Linné, collected in the autumn (Nat. Ord. juglandaceae). A forest tree of North America. Common Names:... / ...sorders of a pustular or vesicular type, and especially those that are eczematous or related in any measure to a strumous diathesis. The dose need not be sufficient to produce free bowel action, but s... / ...sometimes up to 30 grains.1
The bark of the root of Juglans cinerea, Linné, collected in the autumn (Nat. Ord. juglandaceae). A forest tree of North America. Common Names:... / ...sorders of a pustular or vesicular type, and especially those that are eczematous or related in any measure to a strumous diathesis. The dose need not be sufficient to produce free bowel action, but s... / ...sometimes up to 30 grains.1
MATRICARIA
The dried flower-heads of Matricaria Chamomilla, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). Wastes of Europe, Asia, and Australia. Dose, 1 to 60... / ...order to quiet its nervousness and unrest. The child needs both sympathy and matricaria, both sound measures in infant therapeutics. In such children it may be equally a remedy for constipation or dia... / ...to the actual pain suffered. This remedy should be resorted to when one is tempted to employ opiates and other more powerful pain relievers.1
The dried flower-heads of Matricaria Chamomilla, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). Wastes of Europe, Asia, and Australia. Dose, 1 to 60... / ...order to quiet its nervousness and unrest. The child needs both sympathy and matricaria, both sound measures in infant therapeutics. In such children it may be equally a remedy for constipation or dia... / ...to the actual pain suffered. This remedy should be resorted to when one is tempted to employ opiates and other more powerful pain relievers.1
OLEUM TEREBINTHINAE RECTIFICATUM
Rectified Oil of Turpentine, Rectified Turpentine Oil. Description.A thin colorless liquid corresponding to the properties described under Oleum... / ...s, and particularly in the membranous form of laryngeal diphtheria, in which it contributes in some measure to the loosening and expulsion of the membrane. Internal. For internal use only the rectifie...1
Rectified Oil of Turpentine, Rectified Turpentine Oil. Description.A thin colorless liquid corresponding to the properties described under Oleum... / ...s, and particularly in the membranous form of laryngeal diphtheria, in which it contributes in some measure to the loosening and expulsion of the membrane. Internal. For internal use only the rectifie...1
PODOPHYLLUM
...rmina is caused by them compared with the thoroughness of their action. This may be prevented, in a measure, by administration with leptandra, hyoscyamus or belladonna and aromatic carminatives, such ...... the resin. It exerts a strong influence upon the glandular system. Associated with proper hygienic measures and the indicated tonics and other alterative drugs, it will give good results as an aid to...1
...rmina is caused by them compared with the thoroughness of their action. This may be prevented, in a measure, by administration with leptandra, hyoscyamus or belladonna and aromatic carminatives, such ...... the resin. It exerts a strong influence upon the glandular system. Associated with proper hygienic measures and the indicated tonics and other alterative drugs, it will give good results as an aid to...1
SCILLASCILL
The inner, fleshy scales of the bulb of the white variety of Urginea maritima (Linné), Baker (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae), cut into fragments and... / ...e than formerly. In large ascitic collections in curable conditions paracentesis is a more rational measure than long and harsh medication by drastic renal hydragogues. Squill is one of the most certa... / ...normal equilibrium in the bronchial mucosa. When fever is absent and the sputum scanty and tenacious, the following is useful: Rx Syr. Sci1
The inner, fleshy scales of the bulb of the white variety of Urginea maritima (Linné), Baker (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae), cut into fragments and... / ...e than formerly. In large ascitic collections in curable conditions paracentesis is a more rational measure than long and harsh medication by drastic renal hydragogues. Squill is one of the most certa... / ...normal equilibrium in the bronchial mucosa. When fever is absent and the sputum scanty and tenacious, the following is useful: Rx Syr. Sci1
STRAMONIUM (Datura spp.)
The dried leaves of Datura Stramonium, Linné, or of Datura Tatula, Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). A common weed everywhere in the United States,... / ...the vapors, or by smoking it in a pipe or in the form of cigarettes. It is among the most prompt of measures for the temporary relief of the paroxysms of purely spasmodic asthma. Internal. The specifi... / ...when associated with nervous erethism and unsteadiness. Like hyoscyamus, stramonium meets two classes of nervous and mental disordersthe ment1
The dried leaves of Datura Stramonium, Linné, or of Datura Tatula, Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). A common weed everywhere in the United States,... / ...the vapors, or by smoking it in a pipe or in the form of cigarettes. It is among the most prompt of measures for the temporary relief of the paroxysms of purely spasmodic asthma. Internal. The specifi... / ...when associated with nervous erethism and unsteadiness. Like hyoscyamus, stramonium meets two classes of nervous and mental disordersthe ment1
WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.
Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on Measure
ABORTION
Habitual abortion may be due to syphilis, to endo-metritis or uterine displacement. to undue... / ...ortion seems imminent, keep the patient at rest and give an opiate (morphine hypodermatically or opium extract by injection or suppository). If these measures fail, an aseptic tampon must be introduced and fluid extract of ergot must be given, the after treatment consisting of antiseptic irrigation ...2
Habitual abortion may be due to syphilis, to endo-metritis or uterine displacement. to undue... / ...ortion seems imminent, keep the patient at rest and give an opiate (morphine hypodermatically or opium extract by injection or suppository). If these measures fail, an aseptic tampon must be introduced and fluid extract of ergot must be given, the after treatment consisting of antiseptic irrigation ...2
CHOLERA, ASIATIC
As prophylactic measures, avoid all uncooked foods, especiaHy water that has not been boiled; sulphuric acid lemonade. In early stage, camphor, salol and salophen;... / As prophylactic measures, avoid all uncooked foods, especiaHy water that has not been boiled; sulphuric acid lemonade. In early stage, camphor, salol and salophen; di...2
As prophylactic measures, avoid all uncooked foods, especiaHy water that has not been boiled; sulphuric acid lemonade. In early stage, camphor, salol and salophen;... / As prophylactic measures, avoid all uncooked foods, especiaHy water that has not been boiled; sulphuric acid lemonade. In early stage, camphor, salol and salophen; di...2
DEBILITY
Treatment varies with cause. Hematinic tonics are generally indicated. Eupeptic H ypop hosphites, Haemo-mangan with Arsenic, Elixir Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, Vitalic Hypophosphites, may be particularized. For remedies in sexual debility see Aphrodisiacs, but in most cases general roborant measures with moderation in sexual indul gence are all that is required.2
Treatment varies with cause. Hematinic tonics are generally indicated. Eupeptic H ypop hosphites, Haemo-mangan with Arsenic, Elixir Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, Vitalic Hypophosphites, may be particularized. For remedies in sexual debility see Aphrodisiacs, but in most cases general roborant measures with moderation in sexual indul gence are all that is required.2
ECZEMA
Improve general health of patient by hygienic measures. See that the diet is simple and substantial. Fats, salted meats, pastry and all indigestible... / Improve general health of patient by hygienic measures. See that the diet is simple and substantial. Fats, salted meats, pastry and all indigestible articles of food must be interdicted. See that ... / ...as a dusting powder. Later, use more stimulating remedies—ointments of tar, resorcin, green soap, ichthyol, salicylic acid or oil of cade.2
Improve general health of patient by hygienic measures. See that the diet is simple and substantial. Fats, salted meats, pastry and all indigestible... / Improve general health of patient by hygienic measures. See that the diet is simple and substantial. Fats, salted meats, pastry and all indigestible articles of food must be interdicted. See that ... / ...as a dusting powder. Later, use more stimulating remedies—ointments of tar, resorcin, green soap, ichthyol, salicylic acid or oil of cade.2
EPISTAXIS
In severe cases, surgical measures must be resorted to (plugging anterior and posterior nares). Styptic solutions (alum, tannin, vegetable astringents, Monsel’s solution, vin...... bath to draw the blood away from the head, cold wa ter to nape of neck, raising the hands high above the head, pressure on the facial artery are all measures to be borne in mind.2
In severe cases, surgical measures must be resorted to (plugging anterior and posterior nares). Styptic solutions (alum, tannin, vegetable astringents, Monsel’s solution, vin...... bath to draw the blood away from the head, cold wa ter to nape of neck, raising the hands high above the head, pressure on the facial artery are all measures to be borne in mind.2
FEVER
The remedies commonly resorted to include; 1st cardiac or ar terial sedatives, particularly... / ...uc tion of temperature, to be used always with due caution and wholly avoided in typhoid conditions, 3d applications of cold water which constitute a measure almost always serviceable, 4th sedatives and anodynes, which may well be combined with diaphoretics. These several classes of remedies must be...2
The remedies commonly resorted to include; 1st cardiac or ar terial sedatives, particularly... / ...uc tion of temperature, to be used always with due caution and wholly avoided in typhoid conditions, 3d applications of cold water which constitute a measure almost always serviceable, 4th sedatives and anodynes, which may well be combined with diaphoretics. These several classes of remedies must be...2
PNEUMONIA (Croupous.)
Only at the very outset are arterial sedatives useful, veratrum being best. When consolidation... / ...nosis is extreme; in halations of oxygen are also of great value in such cases. Combat untoward symptoms as they arise, relying chiefly on supportive measures and proper feeding. In the third stage prescribe expecto rants to aid in clearing the lungs, ammonium chloride being the most important, to b...2
Only at the very outset are arterial sedatives useful, veratrum being best. When consolidation... / ...nosis is extreme; in halations of oxygen are also of great value in such cases. Combat untoward symptoms as they arise, relying chiefly on supportive measures and proper feeding. In the third stage prescribe expecto rants to aid in clearing the lungs, ammonium chloride being the most important, to b...2
References
1) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
2) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.
2) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.