Partial
What is knee replacement surgery?
Knee replacement surgery is a surgery to replace parts of your knee joint with new, artificial parts. You may need a knee replacement if you have knee damage that causes severe pain and difficulty doing daily activities, such as walking and climbing stairs. It is usually done when other treatments for knee pain haven't helped enough. The goal of a knee replacement is to relieve pain and help you move better.
People of all ages may have knee replacement surgery. But it is more common in older people. The decision whether to have surgery is based on your overall health and how much your knee bothers you.
What conditions does knee replacement surgery treat?Knee replacement surgery treats conditions that cause the cartilage of the knee joint to wear away. These include:
- Knee osteoarthritis. This is the most common reason for knee replacement surgery. It usually develops over time after an injury or with aging.
- Knee damage from other types of arthritis.
- Problems from knee joints that aren't formed correctly.
During the surgery, a surgeon removes damaged cartilage and some bone from the surfaces of your knee joint. Cartilage is tissue that covers your bones where they meet. Healthy cartilage is smooth and helps the bones glide over each other when you move. When cartilage becomes rough and wears away, the bones rub against each other, causing pain.
After removing the damaged knee cartilage and bone, the surgeon attaches the artificial parts to your bones. The artificial parts are made of metal and plastic. They will give your knee new, smooth surfaces.
Knee replacement surgery may replace all the damaged parts of your knee (total knee replacement) or just part of your knee (partial knee replacement). In a total knee replacement, the surgeon replaces 3 surfaces:
- The end of the shinbone
- The end of the thighbone
- The back of the kneecap
Some people go home the same day they have surgery. Other people will stay in the hospital a few days. To help prevent blood clots, you'll most likely take blood thinners and wear special socks or coverings on your legs for a short time after surgery.
The success of your surgery depends a lot on what you do at home to help yourself recover. A physical therapist will teach you exercises to make your knee stronger and help it bend. It is important to do these exercises regularly. You may need to use a cane or walker for several weeks after the surgery. It will probably also be several weeks before you can drive. Your doctor will tell you when you can start driving again.
Most people who follow their recovery instructions can get back to nearly all of their normal daily activities within 3 to 6 weeks after surgery.
What is life like after a knee replacement?After recovering from surgery, most people can move better with less pain than before surgery. But having an artificial knee is not the same as having a normal, healthy knee.
You need to protect your new knee by:
- Staying at a healthy weight.
- Getting regular physical activity.
- Not doing any high-impact activities, such as jogging, running, and jumping. Instead, you can try low-impact activities that are good for your knee, such as walking, biking, and swimming
The chance of having problems after knee replacement surgery is low. But there are risks after any surgery. Possible problems after knee replacement surgery include:
- Infection
- Blood clots
- Heart attack
- Stroke
- Nerve damage
- Scarring that limits how far you can bend your knee
Your age, general health, and how active you are can all affect your risk of having a problem after knee replacement surgery.
How long does a knee replacement last?A knee replacement doesn't last forever. After 15 to 20 years, the artificial knee parts may become loose or worn. If that happens, you may need another surgery on the same knee.
If you're thinking about having knee replacement surgery, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits. Together you can decide if a knee replacement is right for you.
Partial FDA Approved Drugs
- Approved indications: aptiom (eslicarbazepine acetate) is indicated as adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures and approved in patients with epilepsy. patent claims: in a method of treating a subject afflicted with epilepsy.
- Method of treating epilepsy.
- Monotherapy or adjunctive therapy for treatment of partial-onset seizures and approved in patients with epilepsy.
- Treatment of partial-onset seizures as adjunctive therapy in patients with epilepsy aged 16 years and older with epilepsy.
- Replacement therapy for oral carbamazepine in adults with generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
- Replacement therapy for oral carbamazepine in adults with mixed seizure patterns that include partial seizures with complex symptomatology, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, or other partial or generalized seizures.
- Replacement therapy for oral carbamazepine in adults with partial seizures with complex symptomatology.
- A method of treating or preventing ileus.
- A method to accelerate the time to gastrointestinal recovery by administering about 12 mg of alvimopan to the patient from about 30 to 60 minutes prior to surgery.
- Accelerating the time to upper and lower gastrointestinal recovery following surgeries that include partial bowel resection with primary anastomosis.
- Treating a subject undergoing abdominal surgery by administering alvimopan to accelerate the time to upper and lower gastrointestinal recovery following surgeries that include partial bowel resection with primary anastomosis.
- Lamictal is an antiepileptic drug (aed) indicated for: epilepsy-adjunctive therapy in patients greater than or equal to 2 years of age: (1.1) partial seizures primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
- Adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures.
- Method of treating, as initial loading dose for monotherapy or adjunctive therapy, partial onset-seizures in a patient with epilepsy aged 17 years or older.
- Method of treating, as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy, partial-onset seizures in a patient with epilepsy aged 17 years and older.
Felter's Materia Medica on Partial
The (1) dried root and the (2) dried leaves and tops of Atropa Belladonna, Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). Europe and Central Asia; also... / ...e; cold extremities; breathing slow, labored, and imperfect; hebetude; the patient sleeps with eyes partially open; coma; urinal incontinence; free and large passages of limpid urine; fullness and dee...1
A gum-resin obtained from Garcinia Hanburii, Hooker filius (Nat. Ord. Guttiferae). Siam, Cochin-China, and Cambodia. Dose, 1 to 3 grains. Common... / ...n, cylindical fragments, without odor and acrid to the taste. In powder it is light yellow. Soluble partially in alcohol. Principal Constituent.A purgative resin (cambogic acid). Action and Therapy.... / ...be given, but repeated small doses in pills or in alkaline solutions, until results are obtained. Alkalies best counteract its drastic effects.1
The dried flowering tops of the female plant of Cannabis sativa, Linné, or the variety indica, Lamarck (Nat. Ord. Cannabinaceae). Asia, East... / ... than a ravenous hunger. In this last stage the pupils are dilated, muscular power in abeyance, and partial anesthesia prevails. While the ultimate effects of the drug in some result in tremor, great ... / ...of the urino-genital tract and relieves pain. For the first condition it is invaluable in more or less painful conditions in which opium see1
The unexpanded flowers (dried flower-buds) of Eugenia aromatica (Linné), O Kuntze. (Jambosa Caryophyllus (Sprengel) Niedenzu). (Nat. Ord.... / ...e, 1 to 10 drops. Action.Irritant to the skin and mucosa, causing redness and burning followed by partial anaesthesia. It is typical of the class of volatile oils, most of which act similarly. It ex... / ...oil of clove frequently relieves it. Eugenol. Derived from oil of clove and other sources may be given in doses of 1 to 3 minims.1
The whole plant of Senecio aureus, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). Northern and western parts of the United States. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common... / ...et the pelvic contents escape. The uterine ligaments are lax, and the prolapses benefited are those partial displacements due to the weakening of the ligaments and surrounding tissues. Senecio is an i... / ...urination. The dose of specific medicine senecio, the best preparation of it, is from five to sixty drops in water, three or four times a day.1
Physician's Materia Medica on Partial
A derivative of toluene, remarkable for its intense sweetness. It inhibits partially the action of digestive enzymes, but is used chiefly as a substitute for sugar where that article is inadmissible.2
References
2) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.