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Spasm

What are esophagus disorders?

Esophagus disorders are problems with how your esophagus works. The esophagus is the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. You usually don't notice it unless you swallow something too big, hot, or cold. You might also notice it if something is wrong. When that happens, you might feel pain or have trouble swallowing (dysphagia).

What causes esophagus disorders?

The cause depends on the type of disorder. Some run in families. Others are linked to allergic reactions to food or substances in your environment. Sometimes, the cause is unknown.

You may be more likely to develop an esophagus disorder if you:

  • Are overweight or have obesity
  • Are pregnant
  • Take certain medicines
  • Have had radiation treatmentt to your neck or chest
  • Smoke or are around secondhand smoke
What are common esophagus disorders?

The most common esophagus problem is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This happens when the muscle at the bottom of your esophagus doesn't close properly. Stomach acid can move back up and irritate the esophagus.

Other esophagus disorders include:

  • Heartburn is a burning feeling in your chest or throat. It is often caused by acid reflux.
  • Barrett's Esophagus happens when the lining of your esophagus changes. It is often caused by chronic (long-term) GERD.
  • Achalasia is a problem where the lower muscle in your esophagus doesn't relax like it should.
  • Esophageal Spasms are muscle contractions that cause chest pain or swallowing problems.
  • Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a rare condition where certain white blood cells (eosinophils) build up in the esophagus, causing swelling, pain, and trouble swallowing.
  • Esophageal Cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the tissues of the esophagus.
What are symptoms of esophagus disorders?

Symptoms can be different for each condition but may include:

  • Pain in your chest, abdomen (belly), or back
  • A cough or sore throat that doesn't go away
  • Trouble swallowing or feeling like food is stuck
  • A hoarse voice or wheezing
  • Heartburn or a burning feeling in your stomach
  • Tasting acid or food in the back of your mouth
  • Food or liquid coming back up into your mouth (regurgitation)
  • Losing weight without trying

Get medical help right away if you have chest pain with shortness of breath, or pain in your jaw or arm. These could be signs of a heart problem.

How are esophagus disorders diagnosed?

Your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. They may order one or more tests, such as:

  • Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. This test uses a tiny camera to look inside your esophagus and stomach.
  • Biopsy. This test takes a small tissue sample to check.
  • Barium swallow. This test uses imaging to see how you swallow.
  • Esophageal manometry. This test checks how well your esophagus moves food to your stomach.
  • Esophageal pH test. This test measures how often acid backs up into your esophagus and how long the acid stays there.
How are esophagus disorders treated?

Treatment depends on what's causing the problem and your overall health. Some esophagus disorders get better with over-the-counter medicines, diet changes, or lifestyle changes. Others may need prescription medicine or surgery.

Without treatment, some disorders may lead to other problems, such as pneumonia, from food entering the windpipe. GERD, Barrett's esophagus, and achalasia can also raise your risk for esophageal cancer.

Can esophagus disorders be prevented?

You can help prevent or reduce symptoms by:

  • Not smoking and limiting alcohol
  • Eating smaller meals
  • Avoiding eating close to bedtime
  • Wearing loose-fitting clothes
  • Sleeping on your left side or raising the head of your bed
  • Maintaining a healthy weight

NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Spasm FDA Approved Drugs

ACCUNEB [Albuterol Sulfate2C13H21NO3H2O4S]
RX
-
eq 0.021% base (inhalation solution)
eq 0.042% base (inhalation solution)
Mylan Speciality LpApr 30, 2001
  • Indicated for the relief of bronchospasm in patients 2-12 years of age with asthma (reversible obstructive airway disease).
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

AMRIX [Cyclobenzaprine HydrochlorideC20H21NClH]
RX
-
15mg (oral capsule, extended release)
30mg (oral capsule, extended release)
Teva Pharms IntlFeb 1, 2007
  • Relief of muscle spasm.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

SPIRIVA [Tiotropium Bromide]
RX
-
eq 0.018mg base/inh (inhalation powder)
Boehringer IngelheimJan 30, 2004
  • Administration of an inhalable powder comprising tiotropium via device.
  • For the long-term, once-daily, maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
  • Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

SPIRIVA RESPIMAT [Tiotropium Bromide]
RX
-
eq 0.00125mg base/inh (inhalation spray, metered)
eq 0.0025mg base/inh (inhalation spray, metered)
Boehringer IngelheimSep 15, 2015
  • Maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with copd, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and reduction of exacerbations in copd patients..
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

VENTOLIN HFA [Albuterol Sulfate2C13H21NO3H2O4S]
RX
-
eq 0.09mg base/inh (inhalation aerosol, metered)
GlaxosmithklineApr 19, 2001
  • The treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in adults and children 4 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airways disease and the prevention of exercised-induced bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

XOPENEX HFA [Levalbuterol Tartrate2C13H21NO3C4H6O6]
RX
-
eq 0.045mg base/inh (inhalation aerosol, metered)
SunovionMar 11, 2005
  • Treatment or prevention of bronchospasm or asthmatic symptoms.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

WARNING: Consult a licensed physician in the appropriate field for medical treatment and drug prescription. Do not self medicate.


WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.

Felter's Materia Medica on Spasm

ACTÆA ALBA.
   The rhizome and rootlets of Actaea alba, Bigelow (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae). A perennial of the United States east of the Mississippi, abounding in... / ... to correct the nervous impairment and sexual disturbances when they are underlying causes of these spasmodic disorders, and has little or no value in controlling the attacks. It has a well-sustained ... / ...arising from derangement of the reproductive organs. Like cimicifuga it is useful in atonic indigestion of the nervous dyspepsia type. 1

ÆSCULUS GLABRA
   The bark and fruit of Aesculus glabra, Willdenow (Nat. Ord. Sapindaceae). A small fetid tree common to the central portion of the United... / ...riction and colicky pain near the umbilicus; dyspnea and constriction of the respiratory tract with spasmodic cough. Action.—The dried, powdered fruit of the buckeye causes violent sneezing. Buckeye ... / ...Aesculus deserves further study to determine its status as a remedy for nervous disorders, and especially its control over visceral neuralgias. 1

ASAFOETIDA (Ferula fetida)
   A gum-resin derived from the rhizome and rootlets of Ferula Asafetida, Linné; Ferula foetida, Regel, and other species of Ferula (Nat. Ord.... / ...etion. In overdoses it may cause dizziness and headache. Therapy.—Asafetida is carminative and antispasmodic, and is a very useful nervine for functional spasmodic affections. It is especially adapte... / ...or tardy or imperfect menstruation. Asafetida is contraindicated by inflammation. It may be given in emulsion, tincture, or pill or capsule. 1

ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA
   The root of Asclepias tuberosa, Linné (Nat. Ord. Asclepiadaceae). United States and Canada. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common Names: Pleurisy Root,... / ...d dyspnea threatens, small doses of asclepias are helpful. It renders a similar service in dry, non-spasmodic asthma. The dose for these purposes should be about 5 drops of the specific medicine. Ascl...1

AVENA SATIVA
   ...tate when due to prostatic irritation, masturbation, or sexual excesses. It may be given to relieve spasms of the neck of the bladder; and in some cases of relapsing rheumatism. Webster asserts it is ......uences. Probably its chief value as a medicine is to energize in nervous exhaustion with or without spasms. It is useful in headache from exhaustion or overwork, or the nervous headache of menstruatio...1

BELLADONNA (Atropa belladonna)ATROP
   ...l incontinence; free and large passages of limpid urine; fullness and deep aching in loins or back; spasm of the involuntary muscles. In 3x dilution the indications are: Pallid countenance, with frequ......Therapy.—External. Belladonna, and more rarely atropine, may be applied for the relief of pain and spasm, and especially for spasmodic pain. A lotion of belladonna (5 to 10 per cent) may be used to a......in relaxing rigid os during labor, and carried into the urethral canal of male or female it relaxes spasmodic constriction of that canal and cystic spasm and relieves pain. Rubbed on the under surface...1

CACTUS (Selenicereus spp.)
   ...eeble heart action; tobacco-heart; hysteria with enfeebled circulation; vertex headache; vaso-motor spasms. Action.—Cactus impresses the sympathetic nervous system, and is especially active in its po......intense irritant to the cardiac ganglia, producing thereby irritability, hyperaesthesia, arrythmia, spasm and neuralgia of the heart, and even carditis and pericarditis. According to E. M. Hale, M.D.,......nd it is useful in progressive valvular weakness, but is contraindicated in stenotic conditions. In spasm of the heart-muscle, and in cardiac pain of a constrictive character, as if the organ were hel...1

CAMPHORA
   ...ation for labial herpes. Internal. Camphor is used to allay nervous excitement, subdue pain, arrest spasm, and sometimes to induce sleep. It is an important remedy in many disorders of neurotic women ...... disorders of neurotic women and children, being frequently most effective as a nerve sedative, antispasmodic, and carminative in nervous nausea and vomiting, flatulence, hiccough, and tendency to spa...1

CANNABIS
   ...inae; wakefulness in fevers; insomnia, with brief periods of sleep, disturbed by unpleasant dreams; spasmodic and painful conditions, with depression; mental illusions; hallucinations; cerebral anemia......dic and painful conditions, with depression; mental illusions; hallucinations; cerebral anemia from spasm of cerebral vessels; palpitation of the heart, with sharp, stitching pain; and menstrual heada......tions. It stimulates in depression and sedates when there is irritation. It lessens pain-especially spasmodic pain-allays spasm, improves the appetite, causes a feeling of contentment and rest, and pr...1

CATARIA
   The leaves and flowering tops of Nepeta Cataria (Nat. Ord. Labiatae). A common perennial of Europe, and naturalized in the United States. Common... / ...), and tonic (cold infusion). A splendid quieting agent for fretful babies, and carminative and antispasmodic for abdominal pain with flatulence. When marked nervous agitation precedes menstruation in... / ...effects of alcohol are needed, or when the freshly dried herb cannot be obtained, the specific medicine may be used in place of the infusion.1

CAULOPHYLLUM
   ...; as a partus praeparator. Action and Therapy.—Caulophyllum was at one time largely used as an antispasmodic, emmenagogue, parturient, diuretic, diaphoretic and expectorant, all of which properties i......orrhea, ovaralgia, ovaritis, rheumatism of the uterus, menstrual cramps, uterine subinvolution, and spasmodic retention of urine have all been favorably influenced by caulophyllum. It is of some, thou...... of urine have all been favorably influenced by caulophyllum. It is of some, though minor, value in spasmodic urinary and gastro-intestinal disorders. Leontin (1 per cent solution of the emmenagogue p...1

COLLINSONIA
   The fresh root and plant of Collinsonia canadensis, Linné (Nat. Ord. Labiatae.) Damp and rich soils of woods from Canada to Florida. Common... / ... of the portal circulation, irritation of the mucous membranes, and loss of appetite. Indigestion, spasmodic pain, gastric catarrh, and irritative dyspepsia, all with more or less constipation, appea... / ...disorder collinsonia is helpful, there is always a sense of weight and constriction, venous engorgement, dilated capillaries, and muscular atony.1

CONIUM
   ...oplastic deposits; gastric pain; nervousness and restlessness; mild maniacal excitement; persistent spasmodic or hacking cough; enfeebled state of the sexual organs, with late and scanty menstruation.......fected by the drug, it is best adapted to peripheral pain with excessive mobility. Thus it relieves spasmodic neuralgia, neuralgia from carious teeth, ovarian neuralgia, and gastralgia. In gastric ulc...1

DIGITALIS
   The leaves of Digitalis purpurea, Linné (Nat. Ord. Scrophulariaceae), carefully dried and preserved away from light, in close containers. Europe;... / ...scle that tetanic contraction may occur and prevent a passage of blood through the heart, the tonic spasm resulting in syncope; and the exhaustion and syncope are so great as sometimes to prove fatal.... / ...pulse becomes very slow and irregular. The ventricle dilates more completely, thus prolonging the diastole; the systole becomes erratic in force,1

DIOSCOREA
   ...s. 2. Specific Medicine Dioscorea. Dose, 5 to 60 drops. Specific Indications.—Bilious colic; other spasmodic colicky contractions; skin and conjunctivae yellow, with nausea and colicky pain; tongue c...... paroxysmal pain in the abdomen; twisting or boring pain, radiating from the umbilical region, with spasmodic contraction of the belly-muscles; colic with tenderness on pressure, which gives relief to......odic contraction of the belly-muscles; colic with tenderness on pressure, which gives relief to the spasmodic action. Action and Therapy.—The decoction of dioscorea has been wonderfully effective in ...1


WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.

Physician's Materia Medica on Spasm

ACID HYDROCYANIC (Prussic Acid)
   Sedative and antispasmodic, the most rapidly fatal of all poisons. Prescribed often for irritative coughs, for gastralgia and enteralgia; topically applied to relieve itching. It is potentially a natural con stituent of Wild Cherry bark. Dose of the oficial diluted acid (2%), 0.06 to 0.3 c. c. (1 to 5 M).2

AMBER OIL
   Counter-irritant, antispasmodic; used internally in persistent hicoough; externally employed in rheumatism, acute laryngitis and in infantile bronchitis (mixed with olive oil 1:3).2

AMMOMIUM PICRATE (Ammonium Carbazotate.)
   Antiperiodic, antispasmodic. Used in whooping cough. Dose, 0.008 to 0.06 Grm. (% to 1 gr.).2

AMYL NITRITE
   Antispasmodic, reducing arterial tension and so causing momen tary acceleration of the heart beat. Used chiefly by inhalation to relax spasm, notably in asthma, in whooping cough. in spasmodic croup, in epileptic seizures, in tetanus and strychnine poisoning and in spasmodic dysmenorrhea. It is a valuable agent also in angina pec toris and in sudden heart failure, but must be used always intelli gently and with due caution remembering that it is a depressant, not a stimulant. Dose. usually 0.13 2

ATROPINE
   Alkaloid obtained from Belladonna and other Solanaceous plants. Powerfully mydriatic, anodyne, antispasmodic, deliriant; stimulates respiratory center, suppresses secretions of skin and mucous mem brane; antagonistic to morphine. See Belladonna. Dose, 0.0003 to 9.0013 Grm. (1-200 to 1-50 gr.).2

BELLADONNAATROP
   The leaves, also the root of ATROPA BELLADONNA, Lin. My driatic, a deliriant narcotic, analgesic, antispasmodic. Suppresses secretion of skin and mucous membranes; antagonistic to Morphine. Externally applied to relieve pain, to restrain secretion of milk and for its effect on the eye. Internally used in night sweats and incon tinence of urine, in febrile conditions, as an adjuvant with laxatives, etc. Dose, 0.03 to 0.13 Grm. (% to 2 grs. )or more. [The derivative alkaloids of Belladonnl-1, Atro2

BETH-ROOT
   The rhizome of TRILLIUM 1:uEc'rUM, Lin. Tonic, astringent, expectorant, antiseptic, antispasmmlic. Used to relieve spasmodic cough, to restrain hemorrhage and to facilitate parturition.2

BLACK COHOSH (Cimicifuga)
   The rhizome and roots of CIMICIFUGA RACEMOs.-l, (L.) Nutt. Alterative, antispasmodic, uterine sedative. Prescribed in rheumatism, chorea, dysmenorrhea. ovarian neuralgia, asthma, spasmodic aflections gener'aliy, head ache, etc.2

BLACK HAW
   The bark of the root of VIBURNU M PRUNIFOLIUM, Lin. Tonic, antispasmodic, astringent, uterine sedative. Used especially in d ysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, to prevent threatened abortion and to relieve after-pains.2

BLACK WILLOWSANI
   The bark, also the leaf-buds of SALIX NIGRA, Marsh. Tonic. antiperiodic, antispasmodic, sedative, especially to the sexual system. The buds especially are said to be useful in spermatorrhea.2


WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.

Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on Spasm

COUCH
   For a dry cough, ipecac and ammonium chloride are the best remedies; for spasmodic cough, chloroform, bromoform, hydrocyanic acid; for irritative cough, henbane, heroine, codeine, morphine; for chronic cough, terpin hydrate, terebene, benzoic acid.2

CROUP, SPASMODIC
   During attack, patient may be placed in a hot bath, the atmosphere of the room being kept saturated with steam; as remedies, antimonial wine, a combination of chloral with bromides and bella donna, amyl nitrite, relaxants. Between attacks, general roborant treatment, pure air, avoidance of causes of irritation, bromides to diminish susceptibility.2


References

1) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
2) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.