Got

What is Legionnaires' Disease?

Legionnaires' disease is a serious type of pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria. The disease got its name when a group of people at an American Legion convention became ill with this type of pneumonia.

Legionella is found naturally in freshwater, such as lakes and rivers. It can also be found in soil. But people usually only get sick from it when if it grows and spreads in man-made water systems. These systems can include hot tubs, fountains, and the plumbing systems of large buildings, such as hotels or nursing homes.

Legionella can also cause Pontiac fever. This is a milder, flu-like illness that doesn't infect your lungs.

What causes Legionnaires' disease?

You usually can't get infected by drinking water that contains the bacteria unless you aspirate it (accidentally breathe the water into your lungs). The bacteria don't spread from person to person. Disease outbreaks happen when many people are exposed to the same water source that contains the bacteria.

Who is more likely to develop Legionnaires' disease?

Most healthy people who come in contact with the bacteria do not become sick. You are more likely to develop an infection if you:

Are over the age of 50
Are a current or former smoker
Have a chronic (long-lasting) disease such as diabetes or kidney failure
Have a chronic lung disease such as COPD or emphysema
Have a weakened immune system due to a disease such as HIV or cancer or are taking medicines that suppress your immune system
Live in a long-term care facility
Have recently stayed in a hospital or had surgery requiring anesthesia

What are the symptoms of Legionnaires' disease?

The symptoms usually show up 2 to 14 days after you were exposed to Legionella bacteria. Most of the symptoms are similar to those of other types of pneumonia. But Legionnaires' disease may also cause gastrointestinal symptoms and mental changes.

The symptoms of Legionnaires' disease may include:

Cough
High fever
Chills
Headache
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Confusion

What other problems can Legionnaires' disease cause?

Legionnaires' disease can cause life-threatening complications such as respiratory failure, kidney failure, and sepsis.

About 1 out of every 10 people who get sick with Legionnaires' disease will die from complications of the illness.

How is Legionnaires' disease diagnosed?

To find out if you have Legionnaires' disease, your health care provider will probably order a chest x-ray to see if you have pneumonia. If you do have it, lab tests such as a urine or sputum test can check for the Legionella bacteria. Your provider may also order a blood test to see if you have been exposed to the bacteria.

What are the treatments for Legionnaires' disease?

If you have Legionnaires' disease, you will likely need care in a hospital. The treatment is with antibiotics. Most people will recover, especially if they were healthy when they got the disease. Getting treatment early can increase the chances of getting better.

Can Legionnaires' disease be prevented?

You can lower your risk of getting Legionnaires' disease if you:

Clean all your water-related devices regularly. This could include portable humidifiers, water heaters, air conditioners, and nasal rinses.
If you haven't used your faucets and showerheads for a week or more, flush them by letting the hot and cold faucets run for at least two minutes before use.
Avoid exposure to water sources such as decorative foundations or hot tubs if you don't know how well they are maintained.
Use windshield cleaner in your wiper fluid tank in your car instead of water.
Ask about how well your buildings' water systems are maintained.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Got FDA Approved Drugs

AKTEN [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

3.5% (ophthalmic gel)

Akorn^{Oct 7, 2008}

Method of inducing topical anesthesia in the eye.

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

CAFERGOT [Caffeine^{C₈H₁₀N₄O₂} : Ergotamine Tartrate^{2C₃₃H₃₅N₅O₅C₄H₆O₆}]

100mg : 1mg (oral tablet)

Sandoz^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

D.H.E. 45 [Dihydroergotamine Mesylate^{C₃₃H₃₇N₅O₅CH₄O₃S}]

1mg/ml (injection injectable)

Valeant^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

DIHYDROERGOTAMINE MESYLATE [Dihydroergotamine Mesylate^{C₃₃H₃₇N₅O₅CH₄O₃S}]

1mg/ml (injection injectable)

Paddock Llc^{Apr 28, 2003}
West-ward Pharms Int^{Jun 9, 2003}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

ERGOLOID MESYLATES [Ergoloid Mesylates]

1mg (oral tablet)

Sun Pharm Inds^{Oct 31, 1991}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

ERGOMAR [Ergotamine Tartrate^{2C₃₃H₃₅N₅O₅C₄H₆O₆}]

2mg (sublingual tablet)

Tersera Theraps Llc^{Feb 24, 1983}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

ERGOTAMINE TARTRATE AND CAFFEINE [Caffeine^{C₈H₁₀N₄O₂} : Ergotamine Tartrate^{2C₃₃H₃₅N₅O₅C₄H₆O₆}]

100mg : 1mg (oral tablet)

Hikma Intl Pharms^{Sep 17, 2004}
Mikart^{Sep 16, 2005}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

GLYDO [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

2% (topical jelly)

Sagent Pharms^{Apr 28, 2014}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

LARYNG-O-JET KIT [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

4% (topical solution)

Intl Medication^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

0.5% (injection injectable)

1% (injection injectable)

2% (topical jelly)

20% (injection injectable)

4% (topical solution)

Hospira^{May 17, 1984}
Mylan Labs Ltd^{Dec 8, 2010}
Intl Medication^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}
Luitpold^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}
Luitpold Pharms Inc^{Aug 14, 2015}
Akorn^{Feb 12, 2003}
Hi Tech Pharma^{Jul 10, 1995}
Watson Labs Inc^{Mar 23, 2011}
Wockhardt^{Nov 18, 1982}
Teligent Pharma Inc^{Mar 12, 2014}
Vintage^{Feb 27, 2007}
West-ward Pharms Int^{Apr 3, 1985}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.2% AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

200mg/100ml (injection injectable)

B Braun^{Apr 8, 1992}
Baxter Hlthcare^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.4% AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

400mg/100ml (injection injectable)

B Braun^{Apr 8, 1992}
Baxter Hlthcare^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.8% AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

800mg/100ml (injection injectable)

B Braun^{Apr 8, 1992}
Baxter Hlthcare^{Feb 22, 1982}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5% AND DEXTROSE 7.5% [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

5% (spinal injectable)

Hospira^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

0.5% (injection injectable)

1% (injection injectable)

2% (injection injectable)

Hospira^{Jul 31, 1984}
Fresenius Kabi Usa^{Jul 24, 1985}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREE [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

1% (injection injectable)

1.5% (injection injectable)

2% (injection injectable)

20% (injection injectable)

4% (injection injectable)

Aurobindo Pharma Ltd^{Mar 14, 2013}
Fresenius Kabi Usa^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}
Hospira^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}
Mylan Labs Ltd^{Sep 27, 2010}
Intl Medication^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

danger
0.0 (0)

LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

1% (injection injectable)

2% (injection injectable)

Hospira^{Sep 28, 1998}

efficacy
0.0 (0)

side effects
0.0 (0)

LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE VISCOUS [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

2% (oral solution)

Vintage^{Feb 27, 2007}

LIDOCAINE VISCOUS [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

2% (oral solution)

West-ward Pharms Int^{Apr 26, 1985}

LTA II KIT [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

4% (topical solution)

Hospira^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

MIGERGOT [Caffeine^{C₈H₁₀N₄O₂} : Ergotamine Tartrate^{2C₃₃H₃₅N₅O₅C₄H₆O₆}]

100mg : 2mg (rectal suppository)

Horizon Pharma^{Oct 4, 1983}

MIGRANAL [Dihydroergotamine Mesylate^{C₃₃H₃₇N₅O₅CH₄O₃S}]

0.5mg/inh (nasal spray, metered)

Valeant^{Dec 8, 1997}

NEUPRO [Rotigotine^{C₁₉H₂₅NOS}]

1mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

2mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

3mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

4mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

6mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

8mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

Ucb Inc^{Apr 2, 2012}

A method for the treatment of a patient suffering from a disease treatable with rotigotine, comprising applying the claimed transdermal delivery system (tds) to the skin of the patient.
Treatment of restless legs syndrome by application of claimed transdermal delivery system.
Treatment of signs and symptoms of parkinson's disease by application of claimed transdermal system.

XYLOCAINE [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

0.5% (injection injectable)

1% (injection injectable)

1.5% (injection injectable)

2% (injection injectable)

Fresenius Kabi Usa^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}
Oak Pharms^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

XYLOCAINE 4% PRESERVATIVE FREE [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

4% (injection injectable)

Fresenius Kabi Usa^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

XYLOCAINE PRESERVATIVE FREE [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

1% (injection injectable)

2% (injection injectable)

20% (injection injectable)

4% (injection injectable)

Fresenius Kabi Usa^{Jan 19, 1988}

ZINGO [Lidocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₂N₂OClHH₂O}]

0.5mg (intradermal system)

Powder Pharms^{Aug 16, 2007}

Zingo intradermal injection system is a drug delivery system that is capable of delivering fine dry powdered lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate for local anesthetic action.
Zingo is a powder intradermal system that is capable of delivering fine dry powdered lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate for local anesthetic action.

WARNING: Consult a licensed physician in the appropriate field for medical treatment and drug prescription. Do not self medicate.

WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.

Felter's Materia Medica on Got

BRYONIA
The root of Bryonia dioica, Jacquin, and Bryonia alba, Linné (Nat. Ord. Cucurbitaceae.) Europe. Common Names: Bryony, Bastard Turnip, Devil's... / ...ing sensations in the throat, or when excited by vomiting. The cough which bryonia relieves is laryngotracheal; it is most frequently dry, hacking, rasping or explosive, showing its origin in irritati...¹

CAULOPHYLLUM
The rhizome and roots of Caulophyllum thalictroides (Linné, Michaux (Nat. Ord. Berberidaceae). In rich woods in the eastern half of the United... / ...hose of the natural labor process. In this respect they were often used to replace tetanic-acting ergot when that agent was so popular and so damaging as an oxytocic. It may be used to assist labor wh... / ...of strength and rapid involution of the womb following labor. The dose of the syrup is from 2 fluidrachms to 1/2 fluidounce, 2 or 3 times a day.¹

CHIONANTHUS
The bark of the root of Chionanthus virginicus, Linné. (Nat. Ord. Oleaceae.) United States from Pennsylvania southward. Dose, 5 to 30... / ...d upon that greatly abused and usually very innocent organ. Liver-tapping virtues, now quite forgotten, were ascribed to mercurials and many other powerful drugs. Those that have weathered the cam... / ...never reach the true diabetic state. There is good reason to believe that the prolonged use of chionanthus will be of much benefit in such cases.¹

CINNAMOMUM
...e to lack of contraction, then it becomes an important agent. Then it strongly aids the action of ergot and should be alternated with it. If retained secundines are the provoking cause of the bleeding......tant agent in hemoptysis of limited severity. In such cases we have added it to specific medicine ergot and furnished it to the patient to keep on hand as an emergency remedy. By having the medicine p......atic injection of morphine and atropine sulphates will usually check the bleeding. When used with ergot in pulmonary hemorrhage probably more relief comes from the cinnamon than from the ergot, for er...¹

GOSSYPIUM
The bark of the root and the hairs of the seed of Gossypium herbaceum, Linné, and of other species of Gossypium (Nat. Ord. Malvaceae). An Asiatic... / ...and is asserted to have reduced the size of fibroids. It probably acts much in the same manner as ergot, though far less powerfully. It has the advantage, however, of being practically nonpoisonous. I...¹

USTILAGO
...r Indian Corn (Nat. Ord. Fungi-Ustilagineae). Dose, 1 to 20 grains. Common Names: Corn Smut, Corn Ergot, Corn Brand. Principal Constituents.An alkaloid ustilagine, trimethylamine, and sclerotic (mai......id ustilagine, trimethylamine, and sclerotic (maizenic) acid (probably not identical with that of ergot). Preparations.Specific Medicine Ustilago. Dose, 1 to 60 drops. Specific Indications.Feeble ......facient and produces a shedding of hair, hoofs and horns. Its action has been compared to that of ergot and nux vomica combined. Therapy.Ellingwood is authority for the statement that ustilago is pr...¹

VISCUM
The leaves and branches of Viscum flavescens, Pursh (Nat. Ord. Loranthaceae). A parasitic plant found upon forest trees, especially the oaks in... / ...down. It is also asserted to possess parturient properties, but they do not compare with those of ergot, and the drug is almost never used for these purposes. It should be reserved for the conditions ...¹

Physician's Materia Medica on Got

COTTON-ROOT
The bark of the root of GOSSYPIUM HERBACEUM, Lin. Emmena gogue, oxytocic, abortifacient. Its action resembles that of ergot.²

ERGOT
The sclerotium of the fungus, CLAVICEPS PURPUREA, (Fries) Tulaane. Causes tonic contraction of involuntary muscles, hence hemostatic and ecbolic. Used often (not always wisely) in parturi tion; to control internal hemorrhages, particularly uterine; for relief of congestive head aches, and to promote absorption of morbid growths.²

MISTLETOE^PHORA
The leaves of PHORADENDRON FLAVESCENS, (Pursh.) Nutt. Antispasmodic, nervine. oxytocic. Differs from Ergot in that it produces intermittent rather than continuous contractions of the uterus, hence preferable as an oxytocic. Used in asthma and epilepsy as well as to control uterine hemorrhages.²

RASPBERRY
The leaves of RUBUS STRIGOSUS, Michx. Astringent, having the same range of use as Blackberry root. It is said to act specifically also on the uterus like ergot. Locally applied in dilute solution in gonorrhea, gleet, leucorrhea and prolapus ani.²

USTILAGO (Corn Ergot)
The fungus, UsrmaGo Mnvp!s, Corda (Corn smut), parasitic on the fruit of Zea Mays, Lin. Oxytocic, resembling Ergot.²

Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on Got

ABORTION
...e hypodermatically or opium extract by injection or suppository). If these measures fail, an aseptic tampon must be introduced and fluid extract of ergot must be given, the after treatment consisting of antiseptic irrigation of the vagina and if necessary of the uterus. absolute rest and small doses......st be given, the after treatment consisting of antiseptic irrigation of the vagina and if necessary of the uterus. absolute rest and small doses of ergot and quinine. Ergot must al ways be used with proper caution, and only a physiologically stand ardized preparation should be employed.²

AMENORRHEA
When due to anemia and debility, combinations of aloes with iron, In an otherwise healthy subject, apiol or the essential oil of penny. royal... / ...struation. When due to “cold,” the sitz bath and hot infusions of pennyroyal or similar herbs; quinine with aloes or rhubarb. Cotton-root bark, ergot and similar agents are to be used always with due caution.²

CONGESTION. LOCAL
Glyceroplasma acts as a local depletant and so in many Cases gives relief. In internal congestions, eliminants, ergot, digitalis and quinine are useful agents, cathartics being most frequently pre scribed.²

DIABETES INSIPIDUS
If dependent on vaso-motor relaxation, ergot, extract suprarenal glands; astringents, particularly gallic acid and rhus aromatica. If due to nervous irritability, belladonna, nervines, bromides. Tonics are generally indicated, particularly iron and strychnine.²

DYSENTERY
The most useful remedies in acute cases are; magnesium sul phate (drachm doses of a saturated solution, with aromatic sulphuric acid); calomel in full cathartic dose; ipecac in large doses, combimxi with opium to restrain vomiting; ergot for its antihemorrhagic action. Irrigation of the bowel with mercuric chloride (l;5000) or silver nitrate (12500) or zinc sulphocarbolate (l;l000) is useful in chronic cases.²

EPISTAXIS
In severe cases, surgical measures must be resorted to (plugging anterior and posterior nares).... / ...ions (alum, tannin, vegetable astringents, Monsel’s solution, vinegar) may be used, or else remedies that contract the capillaries (fluid extract ergot, anti pyrin, extract suprarenal capsule or internally fluid extract ergot). The hot foot bath to draw the blood away from the head, cold wa ter to...²

GOITRE
In simple Goitre (Bronchocele), ointment of mercuric iodide or tincture iodine externally; creosotide or potassium iodide and extract of thymus gland internally. In Exophthalmic Goitre, belladonna, strophanthus. ergot and sparteine are among the remedies that have been found serviceable. Extract of suprarenal capsules promises good results.²

HEADACHE
Seek the cause and govern treatment accordingly. Distinguish articularly congestive from anemic headaches. In the former ergot and vascular sedatives are useful, in the latter stimulating remedies are indicated. See that excretions are normal, that the eyes are not under strain from errors of refraction. that hygenic conditions are good and that the patient takes suflicient exercise and recreation.²

HEMATEMESIS
Astringents, particularly Monsel’s Solution (3 minims well dilut ed), tincture ferric Chloride, tannin, opium and lead acetate; ice swallowed frequently; extract suprarenal capsules; ergot; distilled extract witch hazel.²

HEMATURIA
For hemorrhage from the bladder, the most eflicient remedies are fluid extract ergot, oil erigeron, gallic acid, cannabis indica and camphor (5 to 10 gr. doses). Astringent injections are not to be ad vised except in extreme cases, but epinephrine hydrochloride may be used thus. In malarial hematuria, sodium hyposulphite is recom mended, 5 to 15 grains four or five times a day.²

HEMOPTYSIS
At the outset give aconite as arterial sedative (not if patient is exsanguinated). Later apply Esmarch bandages to limbs. Cold to serotum or vulva. Gallic acid and fluid extract ergot are often pre scribed but are of doubtful value. In favorable cases use a fine spray of epinephrine hydrochloride.²

HEMORRHAGE. POST PARTUM
Give fluid extract ergot in drachm doses and cause uterus to contract by mechanical stimulation as by introducing the hand into the cavity or byuinjections of cold and hot water.²

HEMORRHOIDS
The bowels must be kept free (best by compound liquorice powder, Fl. Ext. Cascara Sagrada... / ...ening. The best local applica tions (preferably in form of suppository) consist of combinations of tannin, opium and extract of stramonium; extract ergot; cocaine; distilled extract witch hazel. If the tumors (internal hemorrhoids) "come down”, they must be promptly returned and the patient should...²

INCONTINENCE OF URINE
In the nocturnal incontinence of children, remove first any source of reflex irritation, such as worms or long prepuce or excessive acidity or alkalinity of urine. Belladonna, nux vomica, ergot, rhus aroma tica, tincture ferric chloride are among the remedies found service able. Nervous incontinence in adults is best treated with can tharides (one drop of the tincture three times a day) combined with lithiated Ze-an.²

MENORRHAGIA AND METRORRHAGIA
If hemorrhage is active, ergot is the best remedy, if passive. oil of erigeron (3 m5 minim doses) has the preference. Fluid extract cinnamon is a favorite remedy with some; Elixir Viburnum Com pound, N., B. & Co., is efficient; cannabis indica, black haw, witch hazel (distilled extract) and bromides of potassium and sodium are all useful.²

References

1) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
2) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.

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Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on Got

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