Tar

What is heroin?

Heroin is an illegal, very addictive opioid drug. It's made from morphine, which comes from the seedpod of opium poppy plants. These plants grow in Southeast and Southwest Asia, Mexico, and Colombia. Heroin can be a white or brown powder, or a black sticky substance known as black tar heroin.

How do people use heroin?

People inject, sniff, snort, or smoke heroin. Some people mix heroin with crack cocaine, which is called "speedballing." All these ways of taking heroin send it to the brain very quickly, which makes it highly addictive.

What are the short-term effects of heroin?

People who use heroin report feeling a "rush" (a surge of pleasure). And then they may feel other effects, such as a warm flushing of the skin, dry mouth, and a heavy feeling in the arms and legs. They may also have severe itching, nausea, and vomiting. After these first effects, they will usually be drowsy for several hours, and their breathing will slow down.

What are the long-term effects of heroin?

People who use heroin over the long term may develop many different health problems. These problems could include liver, kidney, and lung disease, mental disorders, and abscesses.

People who inject the drug also risk getting infectious diseases such as HIV, hepatitis, and bacterial infections of the skin, bloodstream, and heart (endocarditis). They can also get collapsed veins. When a vein collapses, the blood cannot flow through it.

Repeated use of heroin can lead to tolerance. This means users need more and more of the drug to have the same effect. At higher doses over time, the body becomes dependent on heroin. If someone who is dependent on heroin stops using it, they have withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can include restlessness, muscle and bone pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and cold flashes with goose bumps.

Repeated use of heroin often leads to heroin use disorder, sometimes called addiction. This is more than physical dependence. It's a chronic (long-lasting) brain disorder. When someone has it, they continue to use heroin even though it causes problems in their life. Some examples include health problems and not being able to meet responsibilities at work, school, or home. Getting and using heroin becomes their main purpose in life.

Can a person overdose on heroin?

It's possible to overdose on heroin. This happens when a person uses so much heroin that it causes a life-threatening reaction or death. All heroin users are at risk of an overdose because they never know the actual strength of the drug they are taking or what may have been added to it. Most heroin available in the United States is combined with illegally made fentanyl (IMF). Using heroin combined with IMF, or along with other drugs or alcohol can increase the risk of an overdose.

When people overdose on heroin, their heart rate and breathing slow down. Their breathing may slow do so much that not enough oxygen reaches the brain. This condition is called hypoxia. Hypoxia can lead to a coma, permanent brain damage, or death.

How can a heroin overdose be treated?

A medicine called naloxone can treat a heroin (or other opioid) overdose if it is given in time. It works by blocking the effects of the opioid on the body. Sometimes more than one dose of the medicine is needed.

There are two forms of naloxone that anyone can use without medical training: nasal spray and injectable. People at risk of an overdose are encouraged to carry naloxone with them. They can buy naloxone at a pharmacy.

What are the treatments for heroin use disorder?

Treatments for heroin use disorder include medicines to treat withdrawal symptoms, medicine to block the effects of opioids, and behavioral treatments. Often, a combination of medicine and behavioral treatment works best. People getting treatment for heroin use disorder should work with their health care providers to come up with a treatment plan that fits their needs.

NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse

Tar FDA Approved Drugs

ACETAMINOPHEN, CAFFEINE AND DIHYDROCODEINE BITARTRATE [Acetaminophen^{C₈H₉NO₂} : Caffeine^{C₈H₁₀N₄O₂} : Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate^{C₁₈H₂₃NO₃C₄H₆O₆}]

325mg : 30mg : 16mg (oral tablet)

Larken Labs Inc^{Sep 30, 2016}

ACTOPLUS MET XR [Metformin Hydrochloride^{C₄H₁₁N₅ClH} : Pioglitazone Hydrochloride^{C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₃SClH}]

1gm : eq 15mg base (oral tablet, extended release)

1gm : eq 30mg base (oral tablet, extended release)

Takeda Pharms Usa^{May 12, 2009}

Adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are already treated with pioglitazone and metformin or who have inadequate glycemic control on pioglitazone or metformin alone.
Adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes who are already treated with a pioglitazone and metformin.
To reduce gastrointestinal side effects administer with a meal; as starting dose administer once daily with evening meal.

ALORA [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

0.025mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.05mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.075mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.1mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

Allergan Sales Llc^{Apr 5, 2002}

ALPHAGAN P [Brimonidine Tartrate^{C₁₁H₁₀BrN₅C₄H₆O₆}]

0.1% (ophthalmic solution/drops)

0.15% (ophthalmic solution/drops)

Allergan^{Aug 19, 2005}

Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

AMBIEN [Zolpidem Tartrate^{2C₁₉H₂₁N₃OC₄H₆O₆}]

10mg (oral tablet)

5mg (oral tablet)

Sanofi Aventis Us^{Dec 16, 1992}

AMBIEN CR [Zolpidem Tartrate^{2C₁₉H₂₁N₃OC₄H₆O₆}]

12.5mg (oral tablet, extended release)

6.25mg (oral tablet, extended release)

Sanofi Aventis Us^{Sep 2, 2005}

ANEXSIA 5/325 [Acetaminophen^{C₈H₉NO₂} : Hydrocodone Bitartrate^{2C₁₈H₂₁NO₃2C₄H₆O₆5H₂O}]

325mg : 5mg (oral tablet)

Mallinckrodt^{Oct 20, 2000}

ANEXSIA 7.5/325 [Acetaminophen^{C₈H₉NO₂} : Hydrocodone Bitartrate^{2C₁₈H₂₁NO₃2C₄H₆O₆5H₂O}]

325mg : 7.5mg (oral tablet)

Mallinckrodt^{Sep 8, 2000}

ANTARA (MICRONIZED) [Fenofibrate^{C₂₀H₂₁ClO₄}]

130mg (oral capsule)

43mg (oral capsule)

90mg (oral capsule)

Lupin Atlantis^{Nov 30, 2004}

Treating hypercholesterolemias with reduction of food effect.
Treating hypertriglyceridemias with reduction of food effect.
Treating primary hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia.
Treating severe hypertriglyceridemia.

APIDRA [Insulin Glulisine Recombinant]

1000 units/10ml (100 units/ml) (iv (infusion), subcutaneous injectable)

300 units/3ml (100 units/ml) (iv (infusion), subcutaneous injectable)

Sanofi Aventis Us^{Apr 16, 2004}

Improvement in glycemic control in diabetes mellitus patients by use of a pen injector with a threaded drive sleeve.
Method of treating a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus.

APIDRA SOLOSTAR [Insulin Glulisine Recombinant]

300 units/3ml (subcutaneous injectable)

Sanofi Aventis Us^{Feb 24, 2009}

Improvement in glycemic control in diabetes mellitus patients by use of a pen injector with a threaded drive sleeve.
Method of treating a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus.

ARTICAINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE [Articaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₃H₂₀N₂O₃SClH} : Epinephrine Bitartrate^{C₉H₁₃NO₃C₄H₆O₆}]

4% : eq 0.017mg base/1.7ml (4% : eq 0.01mg base/ml) (injection injectable)

Hospira^{Jun 18, 2010}

BEXAROTENE [Bexarotene^{C₂₄H₂₈O₂}]

75mg (oral capsule)

Bionpharma Inc^{Aug 12, 2014}

BONTRIL PDM [Phendimetrazine Tartrate^{C₁₂H₁₇NOC₄H₆O₆}]

35mg (oral tablet)

Valeant^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

BRIMONIDINE TARTRATE [Brimonidine Tartrate^{C₁₁H₁₀BrN₅C₄H₆O₆}]

0.2% (ophthalmic solution/drops)

Akorn^{Mar 14, 2006}
Bausch And Lomb^{May 28, 2003}
Indoco Remedies^{Nov 18, 2014}
Sandoz Inc^{Jan 30, 2008}

BROMSITE [Bromfenac Sodium^{2C₁₅H₁₁BrNO₃2Na3H₂O}]

eq 0.075% acid (ophthalmic solution/drops)

Sun Pharma Global^{Apr 8, 2016}

Treatment of postoperative inflammation and prevention of ocular pain in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

BROVANA [Arformoterol Tartrate^{C₁₉H₂₄N₂O₄C₄H₆O₆}]

eq 0.015mg base/2ml (inhalation solution)

Sunovion^{Oct 6, 2006}

For the long term treatment, twice daily (morning and evening) maintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND EPINEPHRINE [Bupivacaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₈H₂₈N₂OClHH₂O} : Epinephrine Bitartrate^{C₉H₁₃NO₃C₄H₆O₆}]

0.5% : 0.0091mg/ml (injection injectable)

Septodont^{Sep 27, 2006}

BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/EPINEPHRINE [Bupivacaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₈H₂₈N₂OClHH₂O} : Epinephrine Bitartrate^{C₉H₁₃NO₃C₄H₆O₆}]

0.5% : 0.0091mg/ml (injection injectable)

Hospira^{Jul 13, 1983}

BUTORPHANOL TARTRATE [Butorphanol Tartrate^{C₂₁H₂₉NO₂C₄H₆O₆}]

1mg/ml (injection injectable)

1mg/spray (nasal spray, metered)

2mg/ml (injection injectable)

Hikma Farmaceutica^{May 1, 2009}
Apotex Inc^{Dec 4, 2002}
Mylan^{Aug 8, 2001}
West-ward Pharms Int^{Mar 12, 2002}

BUTORPHANOL TARTRATE PRESERVATIVE FREE [Butorphanol Tartrate^{C₂₁H₂₉NO₂C₄H₆O₆}]

1mg/ml (injection injectable)

2mg/ml (injection injectable)

Hospira^{Jan 23, 1997}
West-ward Pharms Int^{Aug 12, 1998}

CAFERGOT [Caffeine^{C₈H₁₀N₄O₂} : Ergotamine Tartrate^{2C₃₃H₃₅N₅O₅C₄H₆O₆}]

100mg : 1mg (oral tablet)

Sandoz^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

CARBIDOPA AND LEVODOPA [Carbidopa^{C₁₀H₁₄N₂O₄H₂O} : Levodopa^{C₉H₁₁NO₄}]

10mg : 100mg (oral tablet)

25mg : 100mg (oral tablet, extended release)

25mg : 250mg (oral tablet)

50mg : 200mg (oral tablet, extended release)

Actavis Elizabeth^{Sep 3, 1993}
Apotex Inc^{Jun 2, 2008}
Mayne Pharma^{Aug 28, 1992}
Mylan^{Sep 18, 2008}
Sun Pharm Inds^{Oct 28, 2008}
Sun Pharma Global^{Jul 31, 2009}
Accord Hlthcare^{Feb 8, 2013}
Impax Labs^{May 14, 2004}

CERDELGA [Eliglustat Tartrate^{2C₂₃H₃₆N₂O₄C₄H₆O₆}]

eq 84mg base (oral capsule)

Genzyme Corp^{Aug 19, 2014}

Treatment of gaucher disease type 1.

CHANTIX [Varenicline Tartrate^{C₁₃H₁₃N₃C₄H₆O₆}]

eq 0.5mg base (oral tablet)

eq 1mg base (oral tablet)

Pfizer Inc^{May 10, 2006}

Aid to smoking cessation.

CITANEST FORTE DENTAL [Epinephrine Bitartrate^{C₉H₁₃NO₃C₄H₆O₆} : Prilocaine Hydrochloride^{C₁₃H₂₀N₂OClH}]

0.005mg/ml : 4% (injection injectable)

Dentsply Pharm^{Approved Prior To Jan 1, 1982}

CLIMARA [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

0.025mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.0375mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.05mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.06mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.075mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.1mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

Bayer Hlthcare^{Mar 5, 1999}

COMBIGAN [Brimonidine Tartrate^{C₁₁H₁₀BrN₅C₄H₆O₆} : Timolol Maleate^{C₁₃H₂₄N₄O₃SC₄H₄O₄}]

0.2% : eq 0.5% base (ophthalmic solution/drops)

Allergan^{Oct 30, 2007}

Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (iop) in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension who require adjunctive or replacement therapy due to inadequately controlled iop. dose is one drop of combigan in the affected eye twice daily.
Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension who require adjunctive or replacement therapy due to inadequately controlled iop.
Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure.
Reduction of intraocular pressure in patients with elevated intraocular pressure or glaucoma.

CYSTAGON [Cysteamine Bitartrate^{C₄H₆O₆C₂H₇NS}]

eq 150mg base (oral capsule)

eq 50mg base (oral capsule)

Mylan^{Aug 15, 1994}

CYSTARAN [Cysteamine Hydrochloride^{C₂H₇NSClH}]

eq 0.44% base (ophthalmic solution/drops)

Leadiant Biosci Inc^{Oct 2, 2012}

CYTARABINE [Cytarabine^{C₉H₁₃N₃O₅}]

100mg/ml (injection injectable)

100mg/vial (injection injectable)

1gm/vial (injection injectable)

20mg/ml (injection injectable)

2gm/vial (injection injectable)

500mg/vial (injection injectable)

Fresenius Kabi Usa^{Jan 15, 2004}
Hospira^{Nov 22, 1999}
Mylan Labs Ltd^{Jan 30, 2012}
West-ward Pharms Int^{Aug 2, 1989}
Mylan Pharms Inc^{Dec 13, 2011}

DEPOCYT [Cytarabine^{C₉H₁₃N₃O₅}]

10mg/ml (injection injectable, liposomal)

Pacira Pharms Inc^{Apr 1, 1999}

DETROL [Tolterodine Tartrate^{C₂₂H₃₁NOC₄H₆O₆}]

1mg (oral tablet)

2mg (oral tablet)

Pharmacia And Upjohn^{Mar 25, 1998}

DETROL LA [Tolterodine Tartrate^{C₂₂H₃₁NOC₄H₆O₆}]

2mg (oral capsule, extended release)

4mg (oral capsule, extended release)

Pharmacia And Upjohn^{Dec 22, 2000}

Treatment of overactive bladder. treatment of urinary incontinence..

DICLOFENAC SODIUM [Diclofenac Sodium^{C₁₄H₁₀Cl₂NO₂Na}]

0.1% (ophthalmic solution/drops)

1.5% (topical solution)

100mg (oral tablet, extended release)

2% (topical solution)

25mg (oral tablet, delayed release)

3% (topical gel)

50mg (oral tablet, delayed release)

75mg (oral tablet, delayed release)

Akorn^{Apr 17, 2008}
Altaire Pharms Inc^{Nov 16, 2015}
Bausch And Lomb^{Dec 28, 2007}
Rising Pharms Inc^{Dec 28, 2007}
Sandoz Inc^{Feb 6, 2008}
Amneal Pharms^{Mar 18, 2016}
Apotex Inc^{May 27, 2014}
Lupin Ltd^{Aug 20, 2015}
Novel Labs Inc^{Dec 9, 2015}
Taro^{Nov 26, 2014}
Teligent Pharma Inc^{Jul 8, 2015}
Twi Pharms Inc^{Nov 24, 2014}
Watson Labs Inc^{Nov 24, 2014}
Dexcel Ltd^{Nov 6, 2002}
Mylan^{Dec 13, 2001}
Vpna^{Feb 11, 2000}
Actavis Labs Ut Inc^{May 15, 2017}
Carlsbad^{Nov 13, 1998}
Unique Pharm Labs^{Dec 1, 2010}
Actavis Mid Atlantic^{Dec 2, 2015}
Glenmark Pharms Ltd^{Sep 13, 2016}
Tolmar^{Oct 28, 2013}
Actavis Elizabeth^{Mar 26, 1996}
Mylan Pharms Inc^{Feb 12, 2002}

DIVIGEL [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

0.1% (0.25gm/packet) (transdermal gel)

0.1% (0.5gm/packet) (transdermal gel)

0.1% (1gm/packet) (transdermal gel)

Vertical Pharms Llc^{Jun 4, 2007}

DOTAREM [Gadoterate Meglumine^{C₁₆H₂₅N₄O₈C₇H₁₇NO₅Gd}]

3.769gm/10ml (376.9mg/ml) (intravenous solution)

Guerbet^{Mar 20, 2013}

WARNING: Consult a licensed physician in the appropriate field for medical treatment and drug prescription. Do not self medicate.

WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for reference only. Many of these treatments may be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field. The owner of this website will not be held liable for any injuries and deaths cause by following any home remedies. We have no control of what is posted.

Home Remedies for Tar

CANNOT SLEEP OR JET LAG [insomnia]
Eat a small bowl of tart cherries (not the sweet variety) or before bedtime. Or, drink a glass of tart cherry juice. Warm baths can also relax your body. | November 5th, 2017

SORE THROAT [Pharyngitis]
target="_blank" class="buylink" title="Buy Licorice root" href='https://www.amazon.com/Natures-Way-Licorice-450mg-Capsules/dp/B000633BUC'>Licorice root has anti-inflammatory properties. Boil 1/2 ounce of licorice in 1 quart of water,... / ...r muscle weakness, stop eating it immediately and contact your healthcare provider.
-Black licorice can interact with some medications, herbs and dietary supplements. Consult a health care professional if you have questions about possible interactions with a drug or supplement you take.
Mechanism - glycyrrhizinJlaiii | August 11th, 2020

Reference:

Bergner, Pal., Griswold, Alexandra F., Hufford, David J., et al. . Morton Grove, Il: Publications International, 2017.¹

WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.

Felter's Materia Medica on Tar

ABIES (Tsuga canadensis)^TSCA
The bark and prepared resinous exudate of Tsuga canadensis, Carriére (Abies canadensis, Michaux; Pinus canadensis, Linné). (Nat. Ord.... / ...ocation for painful and swollen parts, and by spray in nose and throat disorders attended by mild catarrhal symptoms. It enters into many proprietary and semiproprietary preparations for the treatment... / ...be used where there is excessive secretion of mucus and the cough is largely precipitated by a feeble and relaxed state of the uvula and fauces. ²

ACACIA^ACACI
The dried gummy exudate of Acacia Senegal, Willdenow; and of some other African species of Acacia. (Nat. Ord. Leguminosae.) Eastern Africa... / ...little food can be taken. Mucilage of acacia is soothing to burns and scalds of the mouth and alimentary canal, and may be used as a demulcent after poisoning by irritant and corrosive poisons. Acacia...²

ACTÆA ALBA.
The rhizome and rootlets of Actaea alba, Bigelow (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae). A perennial of the United States east of the Mississippi, abounding in... / ...A non-acrid and non-bitter resin similar to that obtained from black cohosh (cimicifuga). Albumen, starch, sugar, and gum are present, but neither tannic nor gallic acids. Preparation.Specific Medic... / ...arising from derangement of the reproductive organs. Like cimicifuga it is useful in atonic indigestion of the nervous dyspepsia type. ²

ÆSCULUS GLABRA
The bark and fruit of Aesculus glabra, Willdenow (Nat. Ord. Sapindaceae). A small fetid tree common to the central portion of the United... / ...nd more strongly in the presence of alkalies); aesculetin (C9H6O4); a peculiar tannin and saponin. Starch is abundant and a rich yellow oil is present. Preparation.Specific Medicine Aesculus. (Made ... / ...Aesculus deserves further study to determine its status as a remedy for nervous disorders, and especially its control over visceral neuralgias. ²

AGARICUS (Amanita muscaria)
The fungus Amanita muscaria, Persoon; (Agaricus muscarius, Linné.) (Nat. Ord. Fungi.) An extremely poisonous fungus found in the pine forests of... / ...ria, or so-called diabetes insipidus. Scudder suggested a tincture of the fresh fungus for involuntary twitching of the muscles of the face, forehead, and even of the eyes, so that objects are not w... / ...by Eclectic practitioners. Muscarine is used in atropine and belladonna poisoning, sometimes being employed in place of eserine (physostigmine). ²

AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA
The whole plant of Agrimonia Eupatoria, Linné (Nat. Ord. Rosaceae). A common perennial in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia. Dose, 5 to... / ...y.A mild tonic and astringent, indicated as abovementioned, and of considerable value in cystic catarrh and nephritic irritation from the presence of gravel. It is also sometimes used as a gargle, a... / ...Dribbling of urine in old persons is said to be relieved by agrimony. ²

ALETRIS FARINOSA
The rhizome of Aletris farinosa, Linné, gathered after the plant... / ...has flowered (Nat. Ord. Haemodoraceae). United States. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common Names: Blazing Star, Star Grass, Starwort, False Unicorn root. Preparation.Specific Medicine Aletris. Dose, 5 to 6... / ...carminative effects thus ascribed would seem to belong to helonias rather than to aletris, which is neither bitter nor aromatic like the former. ²

ALLIUM SATIVUM
The bulb of Allium sativum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). Sicily, Asia Minor, and Central Asia; cultivated also in the United States and Europe.... / ...ammations. It sometimes excites a flow of urine in atony of the bladder, and in gastro-intestinal catarrh it is as efficient as the spice poultice. Applied to the feet it has been successful as a revu...²

ALTHÆA OFFICINALIS
...Australia, and Eastern United States. Common Name: Marshmallow. Principal Constituents.Mucilage, starch, pectin, and asparagin, an odorless and colorless crystallizable body identical with althein a......and gravel. If the mucilage chiefly is desired, an infusion should be prepared with cold water; if starch, with some mucilage is needed, a decoction. It may be given freely. A syrup of marshmallow is ...²

AMYLUM
The fecula or starch of the seed of Zea Mays, Linné (Nat. Ord. Gramineae). (Formula: C6 H10 05). Common Name: Corn......rch of the seed of Zea Mays, Linné (Nat. Ord. Gramineae). (Formula: C6 H10 05). Common Name: Corn Starch. Description.Irregular, angular, white masses, or a fine, white powder; inodorous, with a sl......cold water. When boiled with 15 parts of water and cooled, it yields a whitish, translucent jelly (starch paste). PreparationGlyceritum Amyli, Glycerite of Starch. Action.A carbohydrate food contr...²

ANEMOPSIS CALIFORNICA
...herapy.Reputed astringent, tonic, carminative, and anti-emetic. A mucous membrane stimulant for catarrhal conditions of the respiratory, gastro-intestinal, and genito-urinal tracts. It has given goo......stro-intestinal, and genito-urinal tracts. It has given good results in bronchial cough and nasal catarrh. In the latter affection, Munk uses it largely as a spray to the nose and throat, employing fr...²

ANISUM (Pimpinella anisum)^PIAN3
The dried ripe fruit of Pimpinella Anisum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae). Egypt and Western Asia; cultivated in Southern Europe. Dose, 5 to 40... / ...ic acid (C8 H8 03) Preparations.1. Oleum Anisi, Oil of Anise. Derived from Anise (above) or from Star Anise (Illicium verum, Hooker, Nat. Ord. Magnoliaceae.). The botanical origin must be stated on ... / ...hot water is more agreeable and effective for older children and adults. The oil (1 to 5 drops) on sugar may be used by the latter, if desired. ²

APOCYNUM CANNABINUM
The root of Apocynum cannabinum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Apocynaceae) gathered in autumn after the leaves and fruit have matured. Grows throughout the... / ...fects as the increasing of the nasal discharges was the best way to relieve headaches and certain catarrhal affections. Again, it was recommended in diaphoretic doses, for the relief of intermittent a... / ...may be looked for. Under these circumstances we have removed enormous dropsical swellings with it, giving quick relief from dyspnea and²

ARALIA RACEMOSA
The root of Aralia racemosa, Linné (Nat. Ord. Araliaceae). Found in rich woodlands and rocky situations in the eastern half of the United... / ...ting expectorant for chronic pulmonic affections, with cough from marked irritation and excessive catarrhal secretions. The syrup is a really valuable cough remedy in greatly debilitated subjects. Whe... / ...and renal mucosa it has nothing to commend it. ²

ARISÆMA TRIPHYLLUM
The fresh corm of Arisaema triphyllum, Torre (Nat. Ord. Araceae). Common in damp woods and wet situations in North and... / ...th merica. Common Names: Indian Turnip, Jack-in-the- Pulpit, Dragon Root. Principal Constituents.Starch, potassium and calcium salts, particularly raphides of calcium oxalate and possibly another ac... / ...may be given in drop doses every half to one hour, and a throat wash of one drachm of the tincture to a half glass of water may be used freely. ²

Physician's Materia Medica on Tar

ACID BORIC (Boracic Acid)
Antiseptic, yet non-irritant and not poisonous. Used largely in powder or glycerite as antiseptic dressing for wounds and ulcers; solutions are employed as collyria and for local use in nasal catarrh, ozena, cystitis, gonorrhea and various cutaneous diseases. Internal ly it is prescribed to render the urine acid in cystitis and as a remedy in fermentative dyspepsia. Dose, 0.3 to 1.0 Grm. (5 to 15 grs.).³

AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
Stimulant expectorant, alterative, hepatic stimulant. Used es pecially in bronchitis, acute or chronic, in hepatic torpor and catar rhal jaundice, in neuralgias and as a resolvent in glandular enlarge ments. Dose, as expectorant, 0.13 to 0.6 Grm. (2 to 10 grs.); as hepa tic stimulant, 0.6 to 2.0 Grm. (10 to 30 grs.).³

AMYL NITRITE
Antispasmodic, reducing arterial tension and so causing momen tary acceleration of the heart beat. Used chiefly by inhalation to relax spasm, notably in asthma, in whooping cough. in spasmodic croup, in epileptic seizures, in tetanus and strychnine poisoning and in spasmodic dysmenorrhea. It is a valuable agent also in angina pec toris and in sudden heart failure, but must be used always intelli gently and with due caution remembering that it is a depressant, not a stimulant. Dose. usually 0.13 ³

ANTIMONY
Compounds of Antimony are irritant poisons producing specifi cally depression of the nervous and circulatory systems, nausea and diaphoresis. They are now used chiefly as diaphoretiw, expectorants and alteratives. a. Antimony and Potassium Tartrate (Tartar Emetic). Dose, as an alterative, 0.001 to 0.004 Grm. (1-50 to 1-15 gr.); as an expectorant, 0.005 to 0.010 Grm. (1-12 to 1-6 gr.); as a nauseant diaphore tic, 0.01 to 0.03 Grm. (1-6 to 1-2 gr.); as an emetic, 0.06 Grm. (1 gr.) re peated if ne³

BENZOIN
Balsamic resin from STYRAX BENZOIN, Dryander. Stimulant and expectorant, antiseptic, vulnerary. Used in chronic bronchitis and in catarrhal affections of the bowels. Externally applied for its healing effect on wounds, ulcers, etc.³

CARAWAY^CACA19
The fruit of ELETTARIA REPENS,(S0nI-l.) Baill. Aromatic tonic, carminative, stomachic. Employed chiefly as a flavoring agent.³

CATNEP
The leaves and tops of NEPETA CATARIA, Lin. Carminative, stomachic, in hot infusion emmenagogue, Employed chiefly in infantile colic.³

COPAIBA ^COOF2
An oleoresin obtained from COPAIBA LANGSDORFFII (Desf.) O.Kze., and kindred species. Alterative to mucous membranes, es pecially of genito-urinary system and air passages; diuretic. Pre scribed in gonorrhea, sub-acute and chronic cystitis, leucorrhea, bronchial catarrh and in chronic skin diseases. Dose, 0.6 to 4.0 c. c. (10 to 60 M).³

CUBEB^PICU
The uuripe fruit of PIPER CUBEBA, Lin. fil. Stimulating diuretic and expectorant, aromatic, antiseptic. Useful in catarrhal inflam mation of mucous membranes, particularly of the air passages and of the genito-urinary tract.³

DANDELION (Taraxacum)^TARAX
The root of TARAXACUM OFFICINALE, WEBER. Tonic, hepatic stimulant, alterative, laxative, diuretic. Prescribed generally as an adjuvant to more eflicient remedies.³

Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on Tar

ACIDITY OF STOMACH
If due to fermentation, use antacids as palliatives to relieve im mediate distress, but prescribe also gastric antiseptics. Avoid indigestible food, particularly lats. If acidity is irom hyper-secretion, the remedies are antacids and henbane, for its inhibitive action on the secretions. In chronic gastric catarrh, bismuth. silver nitrate, antacids combined with salines. In all severe cases. lavage is the most useful treatment.³

APOPLEXY, CEREBRAL
Blood pressure must be reduced by... / ...esection, if the case ad mits it, by action of a rapid purge of croton oil or elaterium or by arterial sedatives, (veratrum viride or aconite); by mustard plasters to feet or a hot mustard foot bath, with applications of ice to the head. Keep the head high and the feet low. In the days immediate ly ... / ...strychnine, the last to be used with due cau tion.³

ASPHYXIA
Perform artificial respiration, persisting in the effort at least half an hour, alternating the Sylvester movements with tongue trac tion as recommended by Laborde. Intravenous injection of ammonia may start heart’s action.³

CATARRH, NASAL (See also Coryza)
Chronic Nasal Catarrh in our climate is an intractable affection. In mild cases Alkal-Antiseptine, well diluted with water and ap plied twice daily by aid of the little douche that accompanies it, is all the treatment needed. Application of Iodosyl once daily has a most happy effect. Tonics are often indicated. Atrophic Nasal Catarrh calls for use of more active antiseptics and a stimulating treatment, silver nitrate, iodine and hydrogen peroxide being the most useful remediés.³

CATARRH, VESICAL
Apply a20per cent. solution of cocaine as a local anesthetic, then cauterize with nitric acid. Dress afterwards with Iodosyl. Treat constitutionally ior syphilis.³

CHOLERA INFANTUM
Withheld milk, substituting the juice of raw beef. , If irritant un digested food is present, give castor oil (aromatic); if stools are wa tery and colorless, give podophy1lin(1-20 gr. repeated in 2 hours), to change character of stools, then give astringents and carminatives. If vomiting is severe the best remedy is calomel in small repeated doses. Irrigation of the bowels with water at 100° F. is often useful. Apply a mild mustard or spice poultice over the bowels.³

CHOLERA MORBUS
Apply hot mustard poultice over abdomen. Calomel may be given in the outset or castor oil to free bowel of irritant matter. Give aromatic sulphuric acid with carminatives and intestinal antisep tics. Large rectal injections of water as hot as can be borne often give prompt relief.³

COLIC, INTESTINAL
Internally carminatives, especially chlorodyne; ether or Holl mann’sAnodyne; for infants, Lettuce Calmative. Exter nally counter-irritants, especially mustard and oil of turpentine.³

DANDRUFF
Among the more eflicient remedies for local application are; Antiseptine (full strength), resorcin (20 grs. to fl. oz. of 25% alcohol). potassium arsenite (5 to 10 grs. to the pint), tar soap, applied at night and washed out in the morning.³

DIABETES MELLITUS
Exclude sugar and starch as far as possible from the diet, but do not starve the patient. The remedies most likely to be useful are; Solution Gold and Arsenic... / Exclude sugar and starch as far as possible from the diet, but do not starve the patient. The remedies most likely to be useful are; Solution Gold and Arsenic Bromide, F... / ...gradually to 10 or more, after each meal). Tonics must be prescribed as indicated, arsenic, iron, g1ycerophos phates and strychnine being particularly useful.³

DIARRHEA
See also Cholera Infantum, Cholera Morbus and Dysentery. Simple Atonic Diarrhea is best treated... / ...ents, especially carbolic acid, salol, zinc sulphocarbolate, bismuth. Copious rectal injections of water as hot as can be borne will often cure. In Catarrhal Diarrhea, after an initial purge of magnesium sulphate or castor oil, give at first perhaps opium combined with lead acetate, or simple minera...³

DIPSOMANIA
The treatment must be largely moral, but sustaining agents such as coca are important. The remedies having most effect are salts of gold (especially Solution Gold and Arsenic Bromide, N., B. & Co.); pilocarpine, tartar emetic, lupulin and capsicum.³

ECZEMA
Improve general health of patient by hygienic measures. See that the diet is simple and substantial. Fats, salted meats, pastry and all... / ...al princi ples. In early stages, apply zinc ointment or zinc oxide or oleate as a dusting powder. Later, use more stimulating remedies—ointments of tar, resorcin, green soap, ichthyol, salicylic acid or oil of cade.³

GASTRIC CATARRH
At first withhold all food, later give milk and lime water. Cleanse stomach of irritating... / ...olumbo and sodium phosphate. Be sure that medicines do not irritate the stomach. For pain apply spice poultice or hot water bag. In Chronic Gastric Catarrh, lavage is the most important remedy. Sodium phosphate in solution or effervescing granules, or ,a saline mineral water; bismuth; antacids and g...³

GASTRIC ULCER
Nourish patient by enemas so that stomach may have complete rest. Internally, silver nitrate and resorcin with codeine or morph ine, antacids, especially sodium bicarbonate with bismuth subcar bonate; counter-irritation by tincture iodine or mustard leaves; antiemetics as needed; for hematemesis, emulsion of oil turpentine, antipyrin, alum or other styptic; suprarenal extract. Bowels must be regulated by enemata.³

References

1) Bergner, Pal., Griswold, Alexandra F., Hufford, David J., et al. . Morton Grove, Il: Publications International, 2017.
2) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
3) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.

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