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What is high blood pressure?

High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when blood puts too much pressure against the walls of your arteries. Almost half of American adults have high blood pressure, usually with no symptoms. But it can cause serious problems such as stroke, heart failure, heart attack, and kidney disease.

What lifestyle changes can help lower high blood pressure?

Healthy lifestyle changes can help reduce high blood pressure:

  • Losing weight
  • Being physically active
  • Managing stress
  • Reducing sodium in your diet
  • Avoiding alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs
  • Getting enough sleep
What if lifestyle changes alone cannot lower blood pressure?

Sometimes lifestyle changes alone cannot control or lower your high blood pressure. In that case, your health care provider may prescribe blood pressure medicines.

How do blood pressure medicines work?

The most commonly used blood pressure medicines work in different ways to lower blood pressure:

  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) keep your blood vessels from narrowing as much and allows blood to move through them with less pressure.
  • Beta blockers help your heart beat slower and with less force. This means that your heart pumps less blood through your blood vessels. Beta blockers are typically used only as a backup option or if you also have certain other conditions.
  • Calcium channel blockers prevent calcium from entering the muscle cells of your heart and blood vessels. This allows the blood vessels to relax.
  • Diuretics remove extra water and sodium (salt) from your body. This lowers the amount of fluid in your blood. Diuretics are often used with other high blood pressure medicines, sometimes in one combined pill.

Often, two or more medicines work better than one. If these medicines do not lower your blood pressure enough, your provider may suggest that you take another type of blood pressure medicine.

While taking the medicines, it is still important to keep up with your healthy lifestyle changes. Doing both helps keep blood pressure lower than lifestyle changes or medicines alone.

NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Alone FDA Approved Drugs

ACTOPLUS MET XR [Metformin HydrochlorideC4H11N5ClH : Pioglitazone HydrochlorideC19H20N2O3SClH]
RX
-
1gm : eq 15mg base (oral tablet, extended release)
1gm : eq 30mg base (oral tablet, extended release)
Takeda Pharms UsaMay 12, 2009
  • Adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are already treated with pioglitazone and metformin or who have inadequate glycemic control on pioglitazone or metformin alone.
  • Adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes who are already treated with a pioglitazone and metformin.
  • To reduce gastrointestinal side effects administer with a meal; as starting dose administer once daily with evening meal.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

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UNK

CYCLOSET [Bromocriptine MesylateC32H40BrN5O5CH4O3S]
RX
-
eq 0.8mg base (oral tablet)
VeroscienceMay 5, 2009
  • Administration once daily within two hours after waking in the morning for improvement of glycemic control in a type 2 diabetes patient.
  • Improvement of glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
  • Improvements of glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes who have one or more specified cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Treatment of type 2 diabetes by administering bromocriptine mesylate and a first-phase insulin secretagogue wherein the combined therapeutic effect is greater than the additive effect of administering each agent alone.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

KENALOG [Triamcinolone AcetonideC24H31FO6]
RX
-
0.025% (topical ointment)
0.1% (topical ointment)
0.147mg/gm (topical spray)
Mylan Pharms IncApproved Prior To Jan 1, 1982
Ranbaxy Labs LtdApproved Prior To Jan 1, 1982
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

KENALOG-10 [Triamcinolone AcetonideC24H31FO6]
RX
-
10mg/ml (injection injectable)
ApotheconApproved Prior To Jan 1, 1982
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

KENALOG-40 [Triamcinolone AcetonideC24H31FO6]
RX
-
40mg/ml (injection injectable)
ApotheconApproved Prior To Jan 1, 1982
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

METAXALONE [MetaxaloneC12H15NO3]
RX
-
400mg (oral tablet)
800mg (oral tablet)
Impax Labs IncFeb 27, 2015
Actavis Labs Fl IncJun 15, 2017
Amneal PharmsJun 21, 2013
Lannett Holdings IncNov 22, 2016
SandozMar 31, 2010
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

NASACORT ALLERGY 24 HOUR [Triamcinolone AcetonideC24H31FO6]
OTC
-
0.055mg/spray (nasal spray, metered)
Sanofi Aventis UsOct 11, 2013
  • Treatment of nasal symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children two years of age and older.
  • Treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis symptoms.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

ONGLYZA [Saxagliptin HydrochlorideC18H25N3O2ClH]
RX
-
eq 2.5mg base (oral tablet)
eq 5mg base (oral tablet)
Astrazeneca AbJul 31, 2009
  • Method for treating type ii diabetes by administering saxagliptin.
  • Method for treating type ii diabetes mellitus by administering saxagliptin alone or in combination with insulin, metformin, a thiazolidinedione, glyburide or metformin plus a sulfonylurea.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

PREDNISOLONE [PrednisoloneC21H28O5]
RX
-
15mg/5ml (oral syrup)
Hi Tech Pharma CoFeb 27, 2003
Pharm AssocMar 5, 2003
VintageSep 21, 2007
VistapharmMay 13, 1999
WockhardtSep 10, 2003
Watson LabsApproved Prior To Jan 1, 1982
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

PRELONE [PrednisoloneC21H28O5]
RX
-
15mg/5ml (oral syrup)
TevaFeb 4, 1986
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

SKELAXIN [MetaxaloneC12H15NO3]
RX
-
800mg (oral tablet)
King PharmsAug 30, 2002
  • Treatment of musculoskeletal conditions.
  • Use of metaxalone for treatment of musculoskeletal conditions.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE [Triamcinolone AcetonideC24H31FO6]
RX / OTC
-
0.025% (topical lotion)
0.055mg/spray (nasal spray, metered)
0.1% (dental paste)
0.147mg/gm (topical spray)
0.5% (topical ointment)
AkornMay 8, 2013
Fougera PharmsApproved Prior To Jan 1, 1982
G And W LabsDec 23, 1988
Lupin AtlantisFeb 1, 2017
Perrigo New YorkApproved Prior To Jan 1, 1982
Teligent Pharma IncJul 7, 2016
VintageJun 9, 2006
Wockhardt Eu OperatnApr 1, 1985
Mylan Pharms IncApproved Prior To Jan 1, 1982
Perrigo IsraelNov 14, 2014
G And W Labs IncAug 14, 1986
Glenmark Pharms LtdAug 5, 2016
LyneJul 1, 2010
TaroNov 26, 1997
Perrigo Uk FincoApr 13, 2015
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE IN ABSORBASE [Triamcinolone AcetonideC24H31FO6]
RX
-
0.05% (topical ointment)
Cmp Pharma IncMar 23, 1995
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

TRIDERM [Triamcinolone AcetonideC24H31FO6]
RX
-
0.025% (topical cream)
0.1% (topical cream)
0.5% (topical cream)
Crown LabsMar 25, 2015
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

TRIESENCE [Triamcinolone AcetonideC24H31FO6]
RX
-
40mg/ml (40mg/ml) (intravitreal injectable)
Novartis Pharms CorpNov 29, 2007
  • Treatment of ophthalmic disorders.
  • Use for delineation (visualization) during a vitrectomy surgical procedure.
  • Visualization during vitrectomy procedures.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

ZETIA [EzetimibeC24H21F2NO3]
RX
-
10mg (oral tablet)
Msd Intl GmbhOct 25, 2002
  • Reduction of elevated plasma sterol and/or stanol levels in a mammal.
  • To reduce elevated total-c, ldl-c, apo b and non-hdl-c in patients with primary hyperlipidemia by administration of ezetimibe alone or in combination with a statin or with fenofibrate.
  • To reduce plasma cholesterol levels in a mammal.
efficacy
0.0  (0)
side effects
0.0  (0)
danger
0.0  (0)

UNK

WARNING: Consult a licensed physician in the appropriate field for medical treatment and drug prescription. Do not self medicate.


WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.

Felter's Materia Medica on Alone

AGAR
   A dried substance of mucilaginous character abstracted from several species of sea weeds (marine algae) growing along the coast of Asia. Most of... / ...ry. From one teaspoonful to two heaping tablespoonfuls may be given once or twice a day in dry form alone, or mixed with some cereal at meal-time. Biscuits, bread, and crackers are prepared from it an...1

ALOEALOE
   The dried juice of the leaves of several species of Aloe: (1) Aloe Perryi, Baker; (2) Aloe vera, Linné; (3) Aloe ferox, Miller. (Nat. Ord.... / ...should be administered in the early evening so that evacuation may occur in the morning. When given alone it causes considerable griping and often rectal fullness and heat. These may be modified by gi...1

AMYLUM
   The fecula or starch of the seed of Zea Mays, Linné (Nat. Ord. Gramineae). (Formula: C6 H10 05). Common Name: Corn... / ...ent for inflammatory disorders of the lower bowel and a medium for rectal medication. The glycerite alone (or as a vehicle for other medicaments) is a bland and non-irritating application to relieve t... / ...forms of irritant poisoning, and as a mucilage for the administration of medicines. 1

APOCYNUM CANNABINUM
   The root of Apocynum cannabinum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Apocynaceae) gathered in autumn after the leaves and fruit have matured. Grows throughout the... / ...s. Yet in these conditions, when debility and subcutaneous, watery exudation are strong factors, it alone is a powerful remedy to relieve urgent symptoms and to put into action that portion of sound t...1

ARNICA MONTANA
   The dried flower-heads of Arnica montana, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). A perennial of Siberia and the cooler parts of Europe; also found in... / ...; or when the sleeper awakens with a start on account of dyspnoea when automatic respiratory action alone is depended upon. Such a state occurs in the low stage of typhoid and other fevers, and in lob...1

BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM
   A balsam obtained from Toluifera Pereirae (Royle) Baillon. San Salvador in Central America; called Balsam of Peru because first exported to Europe... / ...struction of lice. For the former it may be combined with the sulphurated ointments, or may be used alone, with an oleaginous and petrolatum base (balsam, 25 parts; olive oil, 50 parts; petrolatum, 10... / ...balsam should not be used in inflammatory or febrile conditions; and its use should be discontinued if it produces gastro-intestinal irritation.1

BAPTISIA
   The recent root and leaves of Baptisia tinctoria, Robert Brown (Nat. Ord. Leguminosae), a perennial shrub-like plant, indigenous to North... / ...a holds a high rank as a remedy. It is often valuable as an aid in the treatment of diphtheria, but alone should not be relied upon to conquer this vicious disease. When most useful the tissues will b... / ...healing of the ulcerated surfaces. In all of the local disorders mentioned, baptisia should be given internally as well as applied locally.1

BRYONIA
   The root of Bryonia dioica, Jacquin, and Bryonia alba, Linné (Nat. Ord. Cucurbitaceae.) Europe. Common Names: Bryony, Bastard Turnip, Devil's... / ...hus freeing the disordered circulation. After the acute symptoms have subsided, it may be continued alone for a long period, to prevent, or to absorb, effusion. In these cases the apathy observed in t... / ...its origin in irritation or erethism. Tensive or sharp pains are almost always present, and the secretion, if there is any, is small in quantit1

CALAMUSACCA4
   The rhizome of Acorus Calamus, Linné (Nat. Ord. Acoraceae). Common in wet and muddy grounds everywhere in the Northern Hemisphere. Dose, 5 to 40... / ...e use of zinc oxide ointment into which was incorporated Specific Medicine Calendula. Zinc ointment alone failed to achieve results. Internal. Through its supposed action as a local and general vasomo... / ...value in all of the local conditions named it has been much overrated, and its real medicinal worth obscured by extravagant praise.1

CALENDULA
   The florets of Calendula officinalis, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). Southern Europe and the Orient; largely cultivated as a garden flower. Dose,... / ...e use of zinc oxide ointment into which was incorporated Specific Medicine Calendula. Zinc ointment alone failed to achieve results. Internal. Through its supposed action as a local and general vasomo... / ...value in all of the local conditions named it has been much overrated, and its real medicinal worth obscured by extravagant praise.1

CAMBOGIA
   A gum-resin obtained from Garcinia Hanburii, Hooker filius (Nat. Ord. Guttiferae). Siam, Cochin-China, and Cambodia. Dose, 1 to 3 grains. Common... / ...n (cambogic acid). Action and Therapy.—Gamboge is a drastic hydragogue cathartic. It is never used alone, but in pills, with other substances, chiefly where dropsical conditions prevail and it is des... / ...are obtained. Alkalies best counteract its drastic effects.1

CAMPHORA
   ...owdered camphor is an ingredient of tooth powders and pastes and dusting powders for skin diseases. Alone or with zinc oxide, talc, or precipitated chalk it may be used upon bed-sores with decided rel....... The spirit is a household embrocation for the relief of pain and itching, and it is used largely, alone, or in liniments and embrocations, for the relief of pain, stiffness, soreness and swelling, a...1

CAPSICUM
   The ripe fruit, dried, of Capsicum frutescens, Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). Tropical America; also cultivated in most tropical countries. Dose,... / ...on it often relieves local pain. Painted upon chilblains it quickly gives relief. The pure tincture alone, or mixed with glycerin or mucilage of acacia, may be used. Applied to an aching tooth it eith...1

CHIONANTHUS
   The bark of the root of Chionanthus virginicus, Linné. (Nat. Ord. Oleaceae.) United States from Pennsylvania southward. Dose, 5 to 30... / ...destroyed. It should be given renewed study in the glycosuria of obesity and when sugar intolerance alone, and not starch disturbances, create what so often passes for diabetes. These are rather predi... / ...much benefit in such cases.1

CINNAMOMUM
   I. Cinnamomum Saigonicum. Dried bark of an undetermined species of Cinnamomum. Chiefly from China. II. Cinnamomum Zeylanicum. Dried bark of... / ...in pulmonary hemorrhage probably more relief comes from the cinnamon than from the ergot, for ergot alone is far less effective. We are told that ergot does not act as well in pulmonary bleeding as in...1


WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.

Physician's Materia Medica on Alone

CALCIUM HYDRATE (Lime)
   In the form of Lime Water, Calcium Hydrate is a useful antacid having also an astringent action. Milk mixed with lime water is often retained and digested when milk alone disagrees with the stomach. Dose of Lime water (Liqnor Caleis), 4 c. c. (1 fluidrachm) to 30 or even 60 c. c. (l to 2 fluidounces).2

COLOCYNTHCICO7
   The pulp of the fruit of CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS. (L.) Schrad. Hydragogue cathartic, hepatic stimulant. Rarely used alone.2

LANOLIN (Wool-fat)
   The purified fat of the wool of sheep. As an ointment base it has the advantage over lard of greater chemical stability. A mixture of equal parts of Lanolin and Petrolatum is generally preferable to Lanolin alone.2


References

1) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
2) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.