Race
What is asthma?
Asthma is a chronic (long-term) lung disease. It affects your airways, the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. When you have asthma, your airways can become inflamed and narrowed. This can cause wheezing, coughing, and tightness in your chest. When these symptoms get worse than usual, it is called an asthma attack or flare-up.
What causes asthma?The exact cause of asthma is unknown. Genetics and your environment likely play a role in who gets asthma.
An asthma attack can happen when you are exposed to an asthma trigger. An asthma trigger is something that can set off or worsen your asthma symptoms. Different triggers can cause different types of asthma:
- Allergic asthma is caused by allergens. Allergens are substances that cause an allergic reaction. They can include
- Dust mites
- Mold
- Pets
- Pollen from grass, trees, and weeds
- Waste from pests such as cockroaches and mice
- Nonallergic asthma is caused by triggers that are not allergens, such as
- Breathing in cold air
- Certain medicines
- Household chemicals
- Infections such as colds and the flu
- Outdoor air pollution
- Tobacco smoke
- Occupational asthma is caused by breathing in chemicals or industrial dusts at work
- Exercise-induced asthma happens during physical exercise, especially when the air is dry
Asthma triggers may be different for each person and can change over time.
Who is at risk for asthma?Asthma affects people of all ages, but it often starts during childhood. Certain factors can raise your risk of having asthma:
- Being exposed to secondhand smoke when your mother is pregnant with you or when you are a small child
- Being exposed to certain substances at work, such as chemical irritants or industrial dusts
- Genetics and family history. You are more likely to have asthma if one of your parents has it, especially if it's your mother.
- Race or ethnicity. Black and African Americans and Puerto Ricans are at higher risk of asthma than people of other races or ethnicities.
- Having other diseases or conditions such as obesity and allergies
- Often having viral respiratory infections as a young child
- Sex. In children, asthma is more common in boys. In teens and adults, it is more common in women.
The symptoms of asthma include:
- Chest tightness
- Coughing, especially at night or early morning
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing, which causes a whistling sound when you breathe out
These symptoms can range from mild to severe. You may have them every day or only once in a while.
When you are having an asthma attack, your symptoms get much worse. The attacks may come on gradually or suddenly. Sometimes they can be life-threatening. They are more common in people who have severe asthma. If you are having asthma attacks, you may need a change in your treatment.
How is asthma diagnosed?Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose asthma:
- Physical exam
- Medical history
- Lung function tests, including spirometry, to test how well your lungs work
- Tests to measure how your airways react to specific exposures. During this test, you inhale different concentrations of allergens or medicines that may tighten the muscles in your airways. Spirometry is done before and after the test.
- Peak expiratory flow (PEF) tests to measure how fast you can blow air out using maximum effort
- Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) tests to measure levels of nitric oxide in your breath when you breathe out. High levels of nitric oxide may mean that your lungs are inflamed.
- Allergy skin or blood tests, if you have a history of allergies. These tests check which allergens cause a reaction from your immune system.
If you have asthma, you will work with your health care provider to create a treatment plan. The plan will include ways to manage your asthma symptoms and prevent asthma attacks. It will include:
- Strategies to avoid triggers. For example, if tobacco smoke is a trigger for you, you should not smoke or allow other people to smoke in your home or car.
- Short-term relief medicines, also called quick-relief medicines. They help prevent symptoms or relieve symptoms during an asthma attack. They include an inhaler to carry with you all the time. It may also include other types of medicines which work quickly to help open your airways.
- Control medicines. You take them every day to help prevent symptoms. They work by reducing airway inflammation and preventing narrowing of the airways.
If you have a severe attack and the short-term relief medicines do not work, you will need emergency care.
Your provider may adjust your treatment until asthma symptoms are controlled.
Sometimes asthma is severe and cannot be controlled with other treatments. If you are an adult with uncontrolled asthma, in some cases your provider might suggest bronchial thermoplasty. This is a procedure that uses heat to shrink the smooth muscle in the lungs. Shrinking the muscle reduces your airway's ability to tighten and allows you to breathe more easily. The procedure has some risks, so it's important to discuss them with your provider.
Race FDA Approved Drugs
MikartOct 27, 1992
Pharm AssocApproved Prior To Jan 1, 1982
Vintage PharmsNov 10, 2011
WockhardtApproved Prior To Jan 1, 1982
Aurolife Pharma LlcApr 15, 2013
Mallinckrodt IncMay 31, 2001
TevaMar 6, 1985
Amneal Pharms NyMay 29, 2008
Sun Pharm Inds LtdApproved Prior To Jan 1, 1982
- Treatment of partial-onset seizures as adjunctive therapy in patients with epilepsy aged 16 years and older with epilepsy.
Orchid HlthcareSep 18, 2006
Teva PharmsApr 8, 1987
AurobindoApr 25, 2013
Hikma PharmsNov 28, 2012
LupinFeb 21, 2008
Aurobindo PharmaJan 25, 2007
SandozApproved Prior To Jan 1, 1982
Heritage Pharms IncDec 20, 2011
LannettDec 8, 2005
Lupin LtdMar 5, 2014
MylanNov 7, 2006
Par PharmDec 1, 2000
Sun Pharm Inds LtdMay 31, 2006
Zydus Pharms Usa IncFeb 18, 2016
Impax Labs IncFeb 17, 2011
Mylan Pharms IncJun 8, 2012
Chartwell Life SciJul 16, 2008
- Ella is a progesterone agonist/antagonist emergency contraception indicated for the prevention of pregnancy following unprotected intercourse or a known or suspected contraceptive failure. ella can be taken with or without food.
- Method for contraception to a woman comprising administering to the woman 30mg of ulipristal acetate more than 72 hours and up to 120 hours after an unprotected intercourse.
- Method for providing post coital contraception to a woman by administering about 30 mg of ulipristal acetate within about 120 hours after intercourse, wherein the woman is overweight having a bmi of 25 to 29.99.
Barr Labs IncOct 22, 1997
Epic Pharma IncDec 29, 1998
Mayne PharmaMar 14, 1996
Amneal PharmsMay 29, 2015
- Female hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women.
- Menopausal and postmenopausal disorders (including vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause).
Allied Pharma IncJan 15, 2009
Amneal PharmsOct 27, 2009
Aurobindo Pharma LtdJan 15, 2009
Breckenridge PharmJan 16, 2009
Hetero Labs Ltd IiiFeb 28, 2013
Hi-tech PharmacalFeb 28, 2012
Lupin LtdOct 17, 2011
Orit Labs LlcMay 9, 2013
Pharm AssocJun 4, 2015
SilarxApr 3, 2009
TaroFeb 10, 2009
TolmarJan 15, 2009
Tris Pharma IncSep 30, 2010
Vintage PharmsApr 11, 2012
WockhardtMar 3, 2010
Accord HlthcareFeb 14, 2011
Aci Healthcare LtdJan 15, 2009
Home Remedies for Race
   Emergency contraception is to only be used after unprotected sex, not for regular birth control. Emergency contraception that contains the same hormone used in many birth control pills - just at a higher dose. Helps prevent pregnancy. It should not be used as regular birth control because it's not as effective.
Mechanism - hormoneShizs | July 15th, 2018
   Other than abstinence, the best protection again STI's is a latex condom. Helps prevent pregnancy.
Mechanism - latex barrier, lubricantTimmyStymn | July 15th, 2018
Felter's Materia Medica on Race
   The rhizome of Aletris farinosa, Linné, gathered after the plant has flowered (Nat. Ord. Haemodoraceae). United States. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common... / The rhizome of Aletris farinosa, Linné, gathered after the plant has flowered (Nat. Ord. Haemodoraceae). United States. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common Names: Blazing Star, Star Grass, Starwort, Fals...1
   The root of Anemopsis californica, Hooker (Nat. Ord. Saururaceae). A native perennial of wet places in Southern California and Northern Mexico. Dose, 1 to 60... / The root of Anemopsis californica, Hooker (Nat. Ord. Saururaceae). A native perennial of wet places in Southern California and Northern Mexico. Dose, 1 to 60 ... / ...of the specific medicine to slightly glycerinated water. It has a reputation for relieving the excessive discharges of chronic gonorrhea, acting somewhat like cubeb. 1
   The root of Aralia racemosa, Linné (Nat. Ord. Araliaceae). Found in rich... / The root of Aralia racemosa, Linné (Nat. Ord. Araliaceae). Found in rich woodlands and rocky situations in the eastern......n Names: Spikenard, American Spikenard, Spignet, Pettymorrel. Principal Constituents.Resin and a trace of an aromatic volatile oil. Preparation.Specific Medicine Spikenard. Dose, 5 to 40 drops in ...1
   The fresh corm of Arisaema triphyllum, Torre (Nat. Ord. Araceae). Common in damp woods and wet situations in North and South merica. Common Names: Indian Turnip,... / The fresh corm of Arisaema triphyllum, Torre (Nat. Ord. Araceae). Common in damp woods and wet situations in North and South merica. Common Names: Indian Tur... / ...of the fresh corm may be given in drop doses every half to one hour, and a throat wash of one drachm of the tincture to a half glass of water may be used freely. 1
   The rhizome of Acorus Calamus, Linné (Nat. Ord. Acoraceae). Common in wet and muddy grounds everywhere in the Northern Hemisphere. Dose, 5 to 40 grains. Common Name:... / The rhizome of Acorus Calamus, Linné (Nat. Ord. Acoraceae). Common in wet and muddy grounds everywhere in the Northern Hemisphere. Dose, 5 to 40 grains... / ...benefited by it. While of unquestioned value in all of the local conditions named it has been much overrated, and its real medicinal worth obscured by extravagant praise.1
   ...the nature of a ketone) derived from Cinnamomum Camphora. (Linné), Nees et Ebermeier (Nat. Ord. Lauraceae). China and Japan. Common Names: Camphor, Laurel Camphor, Gum Camphor (it is not a gum). Desc....... Description.Tough, translucent white lumps or granules, having the pungent taste known as camphoraceous, and an aromatic penetrating odor. It dissolves freely in alcohol, chloroform, ether, and fi...1
   The dried, recently decapsulated fruit of Elettaria Cardamomum, White et Maton. (Nat. Ord. Zingiberaceae.) Mountainous coasts of Malabar. Dose, 5 to 6O grains. Common Names: Cardomom Seeds, Cardamom......grains. Common Names: Cardomom Seeds, Cardamom, Cardamon. Principal Constituents.A fragrant camphoraceous bitter volatile oil, composed chiefly of terpenes (C10H16) Preparations1. Specific Medicin...1
   The whole plant of Chelidonium majus, Linné (Nat. Ord. Papaveraceae). Europe naturalized in waste places in the United States. Dose, 1 to 60 grains. Common Names:... / The whole plant of Chelidonium majus, Linné (Nat. Ord. Papaveraceae). Europe naturalized in waste places in the United States. Dose, 1 to 60 grains. Common Names... / ...by chelidonium, they are proportionately relieved by the action of chelidonium upon the latter. The greatest drawback to chelidonium is its horribly nasty taste.1
   I. Cinnamomum Saigonicum. Dried bark of an undetermined species of Cinnamomum. Chiefly from... / ...a. II. Cinnamomum Zeylanicum. Dried bark of cultivated Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Breyne. (Nat. Ord. Lauraceae.) Ceylon. Common Names: Cinnamon; (1) Saigon Cinnamon; (2) Ceylon Cinnamon. Principal Constit...1
   The unripe, full-grown fruits of Piper Cubeba, Linné, fil. (Nat. Ord. Piperaceae.) Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Prince of Wales Island, and other isles of the... / The unripe, full-grown fruits of Piper Cubeba, Linné, fil. (Nat. Ord. Piperaceae.) Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Prince of Wales Island, and other isles of the Indian Ocean. Dose, 5... / ...nasal catarrh and hay fever. Care must be had not to blister the roof of the mouth, an untoward effect that is produced by the oil in a good quality of cubeba.1
   The rhizome of Curcuma longa, Linné (Nat. Ord. Zingiberaceae). Southern and eastern Asia, and extensively cultivated in China, Hindustan, and other countries. Common Names: Turmeric, Curcuma. Principal Constituent.Curcumin, a yellow coloring matter. Preparation.Specific Medicine Curcuma. (A coloring agent.) Action and Uses.While turmeric is a mild aromatic stimulant, it is almost wholly used as a test for alkalies, and to color ointments and other pharmaceutical products.1
   The rhizome, roots and seeds of Symplocarpus foetidus, Linné (Nat. Ord. Araceae). A peculiar plant found in moist grounds in the United States. Dose, 10 to... / The rhizome, roots and seeds of Symplocarpus foetidus, Linné (Nat. Ord. Araceae). A peculiar plant found in moist grounds in the United States. Dose, 10 to 40 grains. Common... / ...medicines, and is still a constituent of Acetous Emetic Tincture, Compound Emetic Powder, and Libradol, the magma representing the latter compound.1
   The herb Drosera rotundifolia, Linné (Nat. Ord. Droseraceae). A small plant of the fly-trap family found in boggy situations of Eastern North America and Europe. Common... / The herb Drosera rotundifolia, Linné (Nat. Ord. Droseraceae). A small plant of the fly-trap family found in boggy situations of Eastern North America and... / ...coughs of bronchitis, incipient phthisis, spasmodic asthma, and in nervous or sympathetic cough occurring reflexly from other diseases. It probably acts upon the vagus.1
   The alkaloid obtained from the leaves of Duboisia myoporoides, Robert Brown (Nat. Ord. Myoporaceae), the Corkwood elm or Ngmoo of Australia and New... / The alkaloid obtained from the leaves of Duboisia myoporoides, Robert Brown (Nat. Ord. Myoporaceae), the Corkwood elm or Ngmoo of Australia and New Caledonia. Dose, 1/100 to 1/50 grain. Prepar... / ...especially vomiting without previous nausea, and undoubtedly decreases the secretion of urine, hence it should be used with care and judgment.1
   The dried root of Brauneria angustifolia, Linné (Echinacea angustifolia [DeCandolle], Heller). (Nat. Ord. Compositae.) In rich prairie soils of... / ...s: Narrow-leaved Purple Coneflower, Purple Coneflower, Coneflower. Principal Constituents.Minute traces of an unimportant alkaloid and an acrid body (1/2 to 1 per cent), probably of a resinous chara... / ...cent solution to full strength echinacea or echafolta may be freely used, syringing the channels with it. This gives great relief from pain 1
Physician's Materia Medica on Race
   The rhizome and roots of CIMICIFUGA RACEMOs.-l, (L.) Nutt. Alterative, antispasmodic, uterine sedative. Prescribed in rheumatism, chorea, dysmenorrhea. ovarian neuralgia, asthma, spasmodic aflections gener'aliy, head ache, etc.2
   The rhizome of SARRACENIA PURPUREA, Lin. Stimulant diuretic, laxative tonic. Prescribed in torpid conditions of the digestive apparatus, liver or kidneys.2
   The rhizome of ARALIA RACEMOSA, Lin. Stimulant diaphoretic. alterative. Used in chronic rheumatism, scrofula and syphilis.2
   The rhizome of SARRACENIA FLAVA, Lin. Anodyne, stomachic, astringent; used in diarrhea and in some dyspeptic troubles. Fluid Extract Trumpet-plant. Dose, 0.6 to 1.3 c. c. (10 to 20 M).2
Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on Race
   Among the best remedies are; A mixture of fluid extract cannabis indica, 1/2 fl. oz.; salicylic acid, 1 drm., and collodion, 2 fl. ozs.; glacial acetic acid ; trichloracetic acid; Fowler’s solution; chromic acid.2
References
2) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.