Ledgend of Medicine

BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM
   A balsam obtained from Toluifera Pereirae (Royle) Baillon. San Salvador in Central America; called Balsam of Peru because first exported to Europe... / ...and having a vanilla-like odor, and an acrid, bitter persistent taste. It is soluble in alcohol and chloroform. Principal Constituents.— Cinnamein or benzylic cinnamate (C9 H7 (C7 H7) 02) constitutes... / ...balsam should not be used in inflammatory or febrile conditions; and its use should be discontinued if it produces gastro-intestinal irritation.¹

CAMPHORA
   ...ent taste known as camphoraceous, and an aromatic penetrating odor. It dissolves freely in alcohol, chloroform, ether, and fixed and volatile oils; very slightly in water. Camphor is readily pulverize......ery slightly in water. Camphor is readily pulverized by triturating it with a few drops of alcohol, chloroform, or ether. Dose (by mouth), 1 to 5 grains; (hypodermatically) 1 to 3 grains. Preparations...¹

CERA ALBA
   Yellow wax bleached by exposure to air, light, and moisture. (See Cera Flava.) Common Name: White Wax. Description.—A yellowish-white solid,... / ...aint balsamic taste. It is brittle when cold and breaks with a granular fracture. Soluble in ether, chloroform and fixed and volatile oils. Uses.—Both white and yellow wax are principally employed in...¹

COPAIBA^COOF2
   An oleoresin derived from species of Copaiba growing in South America. Dose, 5 to 30 drops. Description.—A viscid, pale-yellow or brownish-yellow... / ...ence (green), and having a bitter, acrid, and persistent taste, and a distinctive aroma. Soluble in chloroform, ether, dehydrated alcohol, and volatile or fixed oils; partly soluble in alcohol; insol...¹

ELATERIUM
   The feculence of the juice of the fruit of Ecballium Elaterium (Linné), A. Richard. (Nat. Ord. Cucurbitaceae.) A trailing vine of southern... / ...s, very bitter, and slightly acrid, white scales or crystals; permanent in the air. Very soluble in chloroform; sparingly in alcohol, and almost insoluble in water.) Dose, 1/40 to 1/8 grain. Of the Tr... / ...is preferred by some physicians, though elaterium, notwithstanding its impurities, seems to be more generally efficient than its derivative.¹

GAULTHERIA
   The leaves of Gaultheria procumbens, Linné (Nat. Ord. Ericaceae). Damp woods and sandy soils of eastern third of the United States. Common... / ...x. Shake when used. Especially useful upon rheumatic joints. (3) Oil of Gaultheria, 3 fluidrachms; Chloroform Liniment and Soap Liniment, 2 fluidounces each. Mix. Shake when used. For painful surface... / ...of infants. Gaultheria is an agent of special value as a flavoring agent and preservative for water-dispensed medicines in the summer season. Fo¹

GELATINUM
   Gelatin. A purified glue prepared by boiling gelatinous animal tissues in water and purifying, evaporating and drying the product. Description.—A... / ... readily decomposes when moist or in solution. Insoluble in alcohol, fixed or volatile oils, ether, chloroform or cold water, but swelling and softening in the latter, 5 to 10 per cent of which it abs... / ...to its freedom from the formation of indol it has been advised as a part of the diet in intestinal putrefaction showing marked indicanuria.¹

GLYCERINUM
   Glycerin, Glycerol. A liquid composed most largely of a trihydric alcohol (C3H5(OH)3) obtained by the processes of hydrolysis and distillation of... / ...er upon long exposure to the atmosphere. It mixes with water or alcohol; and is insoluble in ether, chloroform, and fixed and essential oils. Dose, 1/2 to 2 fluidrachms. Preparation.—Suppositoria Gly... / ...A 5 per cent solution of phenol in glycerin upon cotton may be used for insertion into the aural canal after rupture of the membrana tympani wh¹

GOSSYPIUM
   The bark of the root and the hairs of the seed of Gossypium herbaceum, Linné, and of other species of Gossypium (Nat. Ord. Malvaceae). An Asiatic... / ...r nearly odorless oil, having a bland taste; slightly dissolved by alcohol and miscible with ether, chloroform, petroleum, and benzin. Dose, 1/2 to 2 fluidounces. Specific Indications.-(Uterine inerti...¹

GRINDELIA
   The dried leaves and flowering tops of one or several species of Grindelia—as Grindelia camporum, Greene; or Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh), Dunal. (1) Marshes of California; (2) Western plains.... / ...debility and indigestion, with gastric distress. The bitter taste of grindelia is best disguised by chloroform.¹

GUAIACUM
   The resin of the wood of Guaiacum officinale, Linné, or of Guaiacum sanctum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Zygophyllaceae). West Indian trees. Dose, 5 to 30... / ...id taste. Usually admixed with fragments of vegetable tissues. Easily soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform. Dose, 5 to 15 grains. Principal Constituents.—Three resins: guaiaconic acid (70 per cen... / ...a fourfold dilution of specific medicine, mixed with syrup and water. Stronger preparations than this diluted tincture precipitate heavily.¹

HYDRASTIS^HYDRA2
   The dried rhizome and roots of Hydrastis canadensis, Linné (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae) United States and Canada in rich, shady woods. (Chiefly... / ...and synthetic.) Permanent white or creamy crystals or powder, almost insoluble in water; soluble in chloroform; less so in alcohol. Dose, 1/12 to 1/3 gr.; average dose, 1/6 grain. 7. Hydrastinae Hydro... / ...The preparation preferred is the colorless, though other hydrastis preparations, particularly berberine and hydrastin salts are useful, b¹

LIQUIDAMBAR
   The balsamic exudate or concrete juice of Liquidambar styraciflua, Linné (Nat. Ord. Hamamelaceae). The sweet-gum tree of the United States,... / ...nzoinic taste. It softens in warm weather; becomes hard in cold weather. Soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, and fats and oils. Dose, 1 to 15 grains. Principal Constituents.—The resin styrol, cinn... / ...we would suggest the addition of a small amount of salicylic acid. Internal. Like most balsams it is effectual in chronic coughs and catarrhs.¹

MENTHOL
   Menthol. A secondary alcohol obtained from the oil of Mentha piperita, Linné, or from other oils of mints. It should be kept in well-stoppered... / ...tals with a strong odor and taste characteristic of peppermint, very soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform, and slightly soluble in water. It gives a feeling of warmth when tasted, followed by a s... / ...is sometimes of value in hiccough. It should not be used in large doses internally because of the profound nervous disturbances it may occasion.¹

OLEUM CADINUM
   Oil of Cade, Cade Oil, Juniper Tar Oil, Oleum juniperi Empyreumatilcum. A product of the dry distillation of the wood of Juniperus Oxycedrus,... / ... empyreumatic, bitterish taste. Almost insoluble in water, partly soluble in alcohol, and wholly in chloroform and ether. It mixes well with fats and petrolatum. Action and Therapy.—Oil of Cade is of... / ...The persistent and penetrating odor of oil of cade is a drawback to its use, and the oil should not be employed in acute affections of the skin.¹

BROMOFORM
   A heavy liquid resembling chloroform in odor and taste and hav ing similar medicinal properties. It is prescribed especially as a remedy for spasmodic coughs, particularly for whooping cough. Dose, 0.06 to 0.30 c. c. (1 to 5 M).²

CHLORETON E (Acetone-chloroform)
   Hypnotic, saiative, anesthetic, antiseptic, antiemetic; resembles chloral in its action, but is less depressing to heart and respiration; useful for relief of neuralgic pain and gastralgia; in insomnia, and as a local application to burns, scalds, carious teeth, painful ulcers, etc. Dose, 0.4 to 1.3 Grm. (6 to 20 grs.).²

CHLORODYNE
   A popular combination of anodynes much used for relief of colic, cholera morbus and spasmodic pains in general. Each fluidrachm contains; Morphine Hydrochloride, 3-8 gr.; Tincture Cannabis Indica 11 1/4 M; Acid Hydrocyanic, diluted, 1 1/8 M; Chloroform, 5 3/4 M]; Oil Peppermint, 3-16 M; Tincture Capsicum, §/3 Ill. Dose for an adult, 0.3 to 1.0 c. c. (5 to 15 M), repeated in % to 1 hour when necessary to control pain.²

CHLOROFORM
   Anesthetic, hypnotic, sedative, antispasmodic. Used to relieve spasm as in strychnine poisoning, as a solvent for biliary calculi and as an ingredient in cough mixtures.²

CALCULI, BILIARY
   Relieve pain by hypodermatic injection of morphine and atropine and by cautious inhalations of chloroform, 20 to 30 minims at... / Relieve pain by hypodermatic injection of morphine and atropine and by cautious inhalations of chloroform, 20 to 30 minims at a time. Give olive oil (not less than half a pint, to which 30 to 60 minims of ether may be added). Treat patient 1st b... / ...granules Vichy, oil turpentine internally.²

CALCULI. RENAL OR VESICAL
   Pain, (renal colic) must be treated with chlorodyne, belladonna in full doses, morphine and atropine hypodermatically, cautious in hzilations of chloroform. Remedies depend on nature of the calculus.²

CONVULSIONS
   ...igestion- Bromides and chloral are the most important remedies, aromatic castor oil being often more useful than any sedative. For adults chloral, or chloroform cautiously inhaled. If hysterical in character, valerian and similar agents. In Puerperal Convulsions, the first indication is to eliminate......e demands; Tonic Pilocarpine Compound as a diuretic, or submammary injection of normal salt solution. Control convul sions by cautious inhalations of chloroform, aided by chloral hydrate and potassium bromide. Morphine may be useful, or amyl nitrite. If convulsions complicate labor, deliver child by...²

COUCH
   For a dry cough, ipecac and ammonium chloride are the best remedies; for spasmodic cough, chloroform, bromoform, hydrocyanic acid; for irritative cough, henbane, heroine, codeine, morphine; for chronic cough, terpin hydrate, terebene, benzoic acid.²

EPILEPSY
   During the seizure, amyl nitrite is the remedy most likely to be of service; chloroform must be used, if at all, with caution. To... / During the seizure, amyl nitrite is the remedy most likely to be of service; chloroform must be used, if at all, with caution. To prevent the paroxysms. prescribe the bromides, particularly potassium bromide, which must be give... / ...horse-nettle and chloral hydrate. In children, ascertain whether the irritation is due to worms and treat accordingly.²

GASTRALGIA
   Treat the indigestion causing the pain on general principles (see Indigestion). For immediate relief of pain, antacids if necessary, anodynes (codeine, chloroform, chlorodyne, hydrocyanic acid, camph orated tincture opium, cocaine, fl. ext. life everlasting), counter-irri tation; in hysterical subjects, valerianates. As tonics especially combinations of arsenic with iron.²

HICCOUGH
   When connected with faulty digestion, direct treatment to cause. Remedies in mild cases are tincture capsicum, Hoffmanrfis Anodyne, spirit chloroform, valerianates, spirit camphor; in severe cases, musk (10 grain doses, best given per rectum), amyl nitrite, enema of sodium bromide and deodorized tincture opium.²

LUMBAGO
   In a rheumatic patient, salicylic acid, salicin, aspirin, potassium iodide are remedies likely to be of service. Liniments containing aconite, chloroform and belladonna; counter-irritation by capsicum or otherwise; acu-puncture; application of hot water bag or ironing with a hot flatiron are all approved remedies. Acetanilid, antipyrin or phenacetin may give relief.²

NEURALGIA
   For immediate relief, prescribe acetanilid, phenacetin or... / ...anti pyrin usually conjoined with caffeine and potassium or sodium bro mide, sometimes gelsemium or cannabis indica; locally, liniments of aconite or chloroform; menthol, chloride of methyl spray; applica tions of electricity; hypodermatic injections of morphine and atropine (only when nothing else ...²

PARTURITION
   To overcome uterine inertia, kola is of value; to delay parturition, morphine and bromides; to relax os uteri, chloral and morphine; to hasten delivery, ergot; for post partum hemorrhage, mechanical stimulation of the uterus to cause contraction, ergot; as anesthetic, chloroform or ethyl bromide.²

PERTUSSIS
   Of the numerous remedies prescribed in whooping cough, those which have given best satisfaction are; Bromoform (conveniently in form of Bromofonn... / ...ce a day with burning sulphur or with formaldehyde vapor is the most effective remedy, although not always practicable. In severe paroxysms, a little chloroform or amyl nitrite by inhalation gives relief.²

SCIATICA
   General treatment for neuralgia. Hypodermatic iniections of atropine in heroic doses (1-20 grain) is highly recommended by some to cut short the attack. Others advise acupuncture or local massage or the ether spray, applied daily, or the hypodermatic use of morphine or of chloroform. In any case the hot water bottle and liniments of chloroform, aconite, methyl salicylate and menthol are remedies of value.²

TETANUS
   Tetanus antitoxin should be administered at once, and convul sions combated by inhalations of chloroform or by chloral combined with potassium bromide (see Bromanodyne, Part I). Other remedies are cocaine or a combination of this with morphine and atropine, hypodermatically; Fowler’s solution; calabar bean; pilocarpine (the last to eliminate the toxin).²

TUBERCULOSIS
   In Pulmonary Tuberculosis pure fresh air is the most important remedy. Let the patient live out... / ..._ creased. Treat symptoms as they arise on general principles. The cough may often be relieved by cannabis indica or by heroine, hydrocyanic acid and chloroform. Laryngeal Tuberculosis may be treated by insufliations of Iodosyl or iodoform, and local application of lactic acid solution (10%) Pre ced...²

UREMIA
   Promote elimination by skin and bowels; Tonic Pilocarpine Com pound, N., B. & Co. with the hot pack for the former; elaterium for the latter. For convulsions, chloral and bromides (Bromanodyne) or chloroform (by inhalation). Vt!ut3S€3Ctl()n must be considered, with the alternative of intravenous injection of normal salt solution.²