Ledgend of Medicine

ABIES (Tsuga canadensis)^TSCA
   The bark and prepared resinous exudate of Tsuga canadensis, Carriére (Abies canadensis, Michaux; Pinus canadensis, ...... contains pinene, bornyl acetate, and cadinene; the bark contains a large amount of tannic acid. Preparations.—1. Specific Medicine Pinus. Dose, 5 to 60 drops. 2. Oil of Hemlock. Dose, 1 to 5 drops. ......heal abrasions and control discharge. The oil may be used as an embrocation for painful and swollen parts, and by spray in nose and throat disorders attended by mild catarrhal symptoms. It enters into...²

ABSINTHIUM (Artemisia absinthium)^ARAB3
   ...), containing principally absinthol (CIO H16 0) and a crystalline bitter absinthin (C15 H20 04). Preparations.—1. Infusum Absinthii, Infusion of Absinthium (3j to Oj). Dose, 1 to 2 fluidrachms. 2. Ol......heart. Though less agreeable than santonin, it may also be used for the expulsion of the intestinal parasites-Ascaris vermicularis and Ascaris lumbricoides. The oil may be given in doses of 1 to 5 dro...²

ACACIA^ACACI
   ...ate, having a rather insipid and mucilaginous taste; soluble in water, but insoluble in alcohol. Preparations.—1. Mucilago Acaciae, Mucilage of Acacia. Dose, 1 to 4 fluidrachms or more. 2. Syrupus Ac...... Acacia. Dose, 1 to 4 fluidrachms or more. Action and Therapy.-Acacia is largely employed in the preparation of pills and in the emulsification of oils and resins. It is demulcent and probably slightl......itive for irritated and inflamed membranes, and for this purpose is frequently used in medicinal preparations for coughs, colds, hoarseness, pharyngitis, gastric irritation and inflammation, diarrhea,...²

ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM
    The whole plant Achillea millefolium, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae); a common wayside and field herb in North America and Europe. Common Names:... / ...2 O15), achilleic acid (aconitic acid); a volatile oil, tannin, and potassium and calcium salts. Preparation.—Specific Medicine Achillea. Dose, 5 to 30 drops. Specific Indications. —Atony and relaxa... / ...atony, and not to the presence of tissue change or destruction. It sometimes relieves hematuria, and is soothing to the urinary tract. ²

ACONITUM NEPALLUS
   ...aloids, occurring as permanent colorless or white crystals, without odor. A drop of solution of one part of aconitine in 100,000 of water will produce the characteristic tingling and benumbing sensati......ng heart depressant. Commercial Aconitine is a more or less impure mixture of aconite alkaloids. Preparations.—1. Specific Medicine Aconite. An exceedingly poisonous and representative preparation. D......re expressed in local and general irritation followed by tingling, numbness, and peripheral sensory paralysis, primarily reduced force and frequency of the heart action, due to vagal stimulation, and ...²

ACTÆA ALBA.
   ... (cimicifuga). Albumen, starch, sugar, and gum are present, but neither tannic nor gallic acids. Preparation.—Specific Medicine Actaea. Dose, 1 to 20 drops. (Usual form of administration: Rx. Specifi......lancholia, and convulsive tendencies; extreme sensitiveness of the ovarian region; “pinkish hue of parts freely supplied by blood” (Scudder). Action and Therapy.—Actaea is an active drug, acting in...²

ADONIS VERNALIS
   ...e: Pheasant's Eye. Principal Constituent.—Adonidin, probably a mixture of acids and glucosides. Preparation.—Specific Medicine Adonis. Dose, 1/2 to 3 drops. Specific Indications.—Weak cardiac actio......tic. It also causes deeper and slower breathing, and in proper cases overcomes dyspnea. Large doses paralyze the heart and blood vessels. Therapy.—On account of its quicker action Adonis has been pre...²

ÆSCULUS GLABRA
   ...in (C9H6O4); a peculiar tannin and saponin. Starch is abundant and a rich yellow oil is present. Preparation.—Specific Medicine Aesculus. (Made from the ripe fruit.) Dose, 1 to 15 minims. The smaller......rified to any great degree in professional practice. It has been suggested as a spinal stimulant in paralysis. If so used it should be used like strychnine after active symptoms have ceased, and to st...²

AGAR
   A dried substance of mucilaginous character abstracted from several species of sea weeds (marine algae) growing along the coast of Asia. Most of... / ...day in dry form alone, or mixed with some cereal at meal-time. Biscuits, bread, and crackers are prepared from it and may be procured in the general trade. Agar is also used as a culture medium in mak...²

AGARICUS (Amanita muscaria)
   ...rincipal Constituents.—Muscarine, a deadly alkaloid, and pilzatropin, its physiologic opposite. Preparations.—1. Tinctura Agarici, Tincture of Agaricus (Fresh fungus, 1 ounce; strong alcohol, 16 flu......tion of the viscera with subsequent relaxation of the bowels, when violent peristalsis takes place, paralysis and death. Muscarine is the direct antagonist to atropine. Closely allied to Agaricus is A...²

AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA
   The whole plant of Agrimonia Eupatoria, Linné (Nat. Ord. Rosaceae). A common perennial in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia. Dose, 5 to... / ...mmon Names: Agrimony, Stickwort, Cockleburr. Principal Constituents.—Tannin and a volatile oil. Preparations.—1. Infusum Agrimoniae, Infusion of Agrimony (1 ounce to Water, 16 ounces. Dose, 2 to 3 f... / ...it to give relief in abdominal pain due to faulty intestinal digestion. Dribbling of urine in old persons is said to be relieved by agrimony. ²

ALETRIS FARINOSA
   The rhizome of Aletris farinosa, Linné, gathered after the plant has flowered (Nat. Ord. Haemodoraceae). United... / ...tes. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common Names: Blazing Star, Star Grass, Starwort, False Unicorn root. Preparation.—Specific Medicine Aletris. Dose, 5 to 60 drops. Action and Therapy.—Owing to the confusi... / ...carminative effects thus ascribed would seem to belong to helonias rather than to aletris, which is neither bitter nor aromatic like the former. ²

ALLIUM CEPA
   ...on. Principal Constituent.—A colorless oil, composed chiefly of a sulphur compound (C6 H12 S2). Preparations.-1. Tincture of Red Onion. 5 to 60 drops. 2. Syrup of Onion. Dose, 1 to 2 fluidrachms. Act......ied to open surfaces. Internal. Onion is stimulant, expectorant, and diuretic. A syrup of onion, prepared by drawing the juice with sugar, is a very effectual expectorant cough medicine for infants, y...²

ALLIUM SATIVUM
   The bulb of Allium sativum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). Sicily, Asia Minor, and Central Asia; cultivated also in the United States and Europe.... / ...e: Garlic. Principal Constituents.—Chiefly an acrid volatile oil, containing sulphur compounds. Preparations.—1. Syrupus Allii, Syrup of Allium. Dose, 1 to 2 fluidrachms. 2. Succus Allii, Juice of A...²

ALNUS SERRULATA
   The recent bark of Alnus serrulata, Aiton (Nat. Ord. Betulaceae). A shrub of the United States east of the Mississippi River. Common Names: Tag... / ...der, Black Alder, Smooth Alder, Common Alder. Principal Constituents.—Oils, tannin, and resins. Preparations.-1. Decoctum Alni, Decoction of Alnus (bark 1 ounce, Water, 16 fluidounces). Dose, 1 to 2 ... / ...are best displayed in pustular eczema and recurrent crops of boils. Passive haematuria is sometimes controlled by its astringent action. ²

ACACIA^ACACI
   A gummy e rudate from the trunk and branches of ACACIA SENE GAL, Willd. and other species of Acacia. Demulcent; sometimes prescribed in cough mixtures. The oflicial preparations are Mucilage Acacia (21 3-5 grs.) and Syrup Acacia (5 2-5 grs.). which should always be prepared fresh when wanted for internal use.³

ACETANILID COMPOUND
   Acetanilid Compound. Special, N., B. & Co. is a combination of Acetanilid, 8 parts; Caffeine, 1 part. and Sodium Bicarbonate, 1 part. Acetanilid Compound, Modified, N., B. & Co., consists of Acetanilid, 70 parts; Caffeine Citrated, 10 parts; Sodium Bicarbon ate, 18 parts, and Sodium Bromide, 2 parts. Usual dose of either of these is 0.2 to 0.3 Grm. (3 to 5 grs.), repeated in two hours if needed.³

ACID BENZOIC
   Antiseptic; a stimulant expectorant; renders the urine acid, hence useful in chronic cystitis; said to be as efficient in rheumatism as Salicylic Acid. Used internally in chronic bronchitis and in later stages of gonorrhea. A constituent of Paregoric, q. v. Dose, as an expectorant 0.015 to 0.030 Grm. (% to % gr.), as an antilithic, 0.6 to 1.3 Grm. (10 to 20 grs.). Sodium or Lithium Benzoates are commonly used in urinary af fections in preference to the free acid. Sodium Benzoate is a solvent for³

ACID NITRO-HYDROCHLORIC
   Hepatic stimulant and gastric and intestinal antiseptic; pre scribed in cirrhosis of the liver, in chronic hepatitis, in dyspepsia with deficient secretion, especially with torpid liver, and for its specific action in oxaluria. Only the freshly prepared strong acid should be used, of which the dose is 0.06 to 0.2 c. c. (1 to 3 minims) to be largely diluted when taken. The oflicial diluted acid should not be prescribed .³

ACID SALICYLIC and SALICYLATES
   a. Salicyi iC Acid . An energetic antiseptic with comparatively little poisonous action; inhibits fermentation; used chiefi y in rheuma tism, the free acid acting more powerfully than its salts (e. g. sodium salicylate) but more liable to cause gastric irritation. Dose (in rheu matism) 0.6 to 1.3 Grm. (10 to 20 grs.) four to six times a day. b. Ammonium Salicylate. Properties of Salicylic Acid with some stimulating action. Dose, 0.3 to 1.3 Grm. (5 to 20 grs.). c. Lithium Salicylate. Combines the³

ACONITE
   The tuber, also the leaves (unoflicial) of ACONITU M NAPELLUs, Lin. Actively poisonous. A powerful cardiac depressant acting thus as an arterial sedative; paralyzes sensory nerves and depresses respiratory centers. Used chiefly for its antipyretic effect and in treatment of neuralgia, rheumatism and cardiac hypertrophy; local ly, in liniments, for relief of pain. Dose, 0.015 to 0.12 Grm. (% to 2 grs.).³

ALOES
   The inspissated juice of leaves of different species of ALOE. Laxa tive or cathartic according to the dose. It acts especially on the lower bowel, and is particularly serviceable in chronic constipation. Dose as a laxative 0.06 to 0.3 Grm. (1 to 5 grs.).³

AMERICAN COLUMBO^FRCA2
   The root of FRAsERA CAROLINENsIs. Walt. Bitter tonic, char acterized by its mildness; aperient. Prescribed in debilitated condi tions particularly where the stomach is in an irritable condition.³

AMERICAN IVY (Ampelopsis)
   The bark of the root of PARrrinNOCrssUs QUINQUEFOLIA, (Lin.) Planch. Alterative, tonic, expectorant, astringent. Used in dropsy, in pulmonary diseases and in strumous affectious.³

AMERICAN SARSAPARILLA
   The root of ARALIA NUDICAULIs, Lin. Aromatic, alterative, in hot infusion diaphoretic.³

ABORTION
   Habitual abortion may be due to syphilis, to endo-metritis or uterine displacement. to undue sexual excitement or to anemia or other form of malnutrition.... / ...erus. absolute rest and small doses of ergot and quinine. Ergot must al ways be used with proper caution, and only a physiologically stand ardized preparation should be employed.³

ACIDITY OF STOMACH
   If due to fermentation, use antacids as palliatives to relieve im mediate distress, but prescribe also gastric antiseptics. Avoid indigestible food, particularly lats. If acidity is irom hyper-secretion, the remedies are antacids and henbane, for its inhibitive action on the secretions. In chronic gastric catarrh, bismuth. silver nitrate, antacids combined with salines. In all severe cases. lavage is the most useful treatment.³

ANEMIA
   Nourishing and easily digested food with remedies for promoting digestion and overcoming a... / ...arbonate) is most often prescribed, but in many cachectic conditions is inferior to arsenic or mercury (in minute doses). Among the most eflicient preparations are Solution Gold and Arsenic Bro mide, N., B. & Co., Haemo-Mangan with Arsenic, and formulas in which iron is combined with manganese, or w...³

APOPLEXY, CEREBRAL
   Blood pressure must be reduced by ve-nesection, if the case ad mits it, by action of a rapid purge of... / ...ent on a low diet, strictly prohibiting stimulants. To cause absorption of clot (a week or more after the stroke) potassium iodide in full doses. The paralysis is to be treated on general principles by massage, pas sive exercise, electricity, strychnine, the last to be used with due cau tion.³

BALANITIS
   Keep parts clean by frequent bathing in pure water; to disinfect use solution boric acid, 1%; silver nitrate, 2 gr. to fl. o2.; Iodosyl oint ment, 6% ; carbolic acid, 1.5%; potassium permanganate, 1 gr. to fl, oz. If there is active inflammation apply lotion of lead water. For dust ing powder zinc oleate, Iodosyl or zinc oxide.³

BOILS
   To abort, paint the part with a solution of silver nitrate, 20 to 40 grs. to fl. oz. or apply frequently Phenol Camphor (not to be covered with a bandage) or... / To abort, paint the part with a solution of silver nitrate, 20 to 40 grs. to fl. oz. or apply frequently Phenol Camphor (not to be covered with a bandage) or spirit camph... / ...re lieve pain. Internally, sulphurated lime to prevent suppuration and appropriate tonic and restorative remedies. When suppuration occurs, treat as an abscess.³

BURNS AND SCALDS
   For shock, stimulants, especially Elixir Digitalin Compound: hypodermatic injections morphine and atropine. Among the best local remedies are carron oil (linseed oil and lime-water, equal parts, to which may be added 5 per cent. of carbolic acid), solution picric acid (picric acid, 37 grs.; alcohol, 1% fl. ozs.; water, (1. s. to make one pint), creosote water (to relieve pain); in less severe burns, carbolated oil (15 grs. to fl. oz.), Alkal-antiseptine, sodium carbonate in aqueous solution.³

CONSTIPATION
   ...ibe general tonics. The laxatives best suited for habitual use are; 1, glycerin sup positories, when there is simply inertia of the rectum; 2, senna (particularly a cold infusion, or the oflicial compound liquorice pow der) or cascara sagrada (fluid extract aromatic or jellules); 3, com binations of......f aloin, belladonna and strychnine, or of podophyllin with nux vomica and belladonna; 4, saline waters or their equiva lent in effervescing granules, particularly the preparation of sodium phosphate.³

DEBILITY
   Treatment varies with cause. Hematinic tonics are generally indicated. Eupeptic H ypop hosphites, Haemo-mangan with Arsenic, Elixir Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, Vitalic Hypophosphites, may be particularized. For remedies in sexual debility see Aphrodisiacs, but in most cases general roborant measures with moderation in sexual indul gence are all that is required.³

DELIRIUM TREMENS
   Hypnotic remedies are indicated, particularly bromides with chloral, Bromanodyne, hyoscine, sulphonal; also nervines, especially ammonium and morphine valerianates, monobromated |camphor; capsicum as a gastric stimulant.³

DIABETES INSIPIDUS
   If dependent on vaso-motor relaxation, ergot, extract suprarenal glands; astringents, particularly gallic acid and rhus aromatica. If due to nervous irritability, belladonna, nervines, bromides. Tonics are generally indicated, particularly iron and strychnine.³

DIABETES MELLITUS
   ...do not starve the patient. The remedies most likely to be useful are; Solution Gold and Arsenic Bromide, Fl. Ext. J ambul seed, morphine o_r codeine (particularly Tablets of Codeine without sugar); in gouty cases, colchicine, iodides, lithium salts, and arsenic; in rheumatic cases, salicylic acid, s....... increased gradually to 10 or more, after each meal). Tonics must be prescribed as indicated, arsenic, iron, g1ycerophos phates and strychnine being particularly useful.³

DIARRHEA
   ...inatives and astringents. Chlorodyne is an efficient remedy, also the sun cholera mixture and similar formulas given under Astringents, Intestinal in Part II. Many cases of diarrhea are best treated in the outset with a mer urial (calomel, mercurous iodide or blue mass) to be followed by remedies su......iarrhea, after an initial purge of magnesium sulphate or castor oil, give at first perhaps opium combined with lead acetate, or simple mineral acids, particularly the nitromuriatic; later ammonium chloride and potassium iodide. Chronic Diarrhea calls for general roborant treatment, carefully regulat...³

EPIDIDYMITIS
   Use antipyretic and anodyne remedies as indicated. Apply locally an ointment of guaiacol or a solution of silver nitrate. Keep patient in bed if possible, with pelvis elevated, or else keep the part at rest by an appropriate dressing. After acute symptoms have sub sided treat resulting induration with mercurial and belladonna ointments or with lanolin, giving iodides internally.³

EPILEPSY
   During the seizure, amyl nitrite is the remedy most likely to be of service; chloroform must be used,... / During the seizure, amyl nitrite is the remedy most likely to be of service; chloroform must be used, if at all, with caution. To prevent the paroxysms. prescribe the bromides, particularly potassium bromide, which must be given well diluted, after meals. beginning with 10 grain doses and in... / ...chloral hydrate. In children, ascertain whether the irritation is due to worms and treat accordingly.³