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Name: Baking soda
Brand: Baking soda
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What is diabetes?

Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells.

With type 1 diabetes, your body doesn't make insulin. With type 2 diabetes, your body doesn't make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood glucose levels.

What eye problems can diabetes cause?

Over time, high blood glucose may damage the blood vessels and lenses in your eyes. This can lead to serious diabetic eye problems which can harm your vision and sometimes cause blindness. Some common diabetic eye problems include:

Diabetic retinopathy, which is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. It affects blood vessels in the retina (the light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of your eye). The blood vessels may swell and leak fluid into your eye. If it's not treated, it can cause serious problems such as vision loss and retinal detachment, where the retina is pulled away from its normal position at the back of your eye.
Diabetic macular edema (DME), which happens when blood vessels in the retina leak fluid into the macula (the part of the retina needed for sharp, central vision). This usually develops in people who already have other signs of diabetic retinopathy.
Glaucoma, a group of eye diseases that can damage the optic nerve (the bundle of nerves that connects the eye to the brain). Glaucoma from diabetes happens when the blood vessels in the front of your eye are damaged, and new blood vessels grow near the iris (the colored part of your eye). The blood vessels block the space where fluid drains from your eye. This causes fluid to build up and pressure to increase inside your eye.
Cataract, which is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. It happens when the clear lens in the front of your eye becomes cloudy. Cataracts are common as people age. But people with diabetes are more likely to develop cataracts younger and faster than people without diabetes. Researchers think that high glucose levels cause deposits to build up in the lenses of your eyes.

Who is more likely to develop diabetic eye problems?

Anyone with diabetes can develop diabetic eye disease. But your risk of developing it is higher if you have diabetes and:

Have had diabetes for a long time
Don't have good control over your high blood glucose or high blood pressure
Are pregnant
Have high blood cholesterol
Smoke tobacco

What are the symptoms of diabetic eye problems?

In the early stages, diabetic eye problems usually don't have any symptoms. That's why regular dilated eye exams are so important, even if you think your eyes are healthy.

You should also watch for sudden changes in your vision that could be signs of an emergency. Call your eye care professional right away if you notice any of these symptoms:

Many new spots or dark wavy strings floating in your vision (floaters)
Flashes of light
A dark shadow over part of your vision, like a curtain
Vision loss
Eye pain or redness

Talk with your eye care professional if you have these symptoms, even if they come and go:

Spots or dark wavy strings floating in your vision
Blurry or wavy vision
Vision that changes a lot
Trouble seeing colors

How are diabetic eye problems diagnosed?

Eye care professionals do dilated eye exams to diagnose eye problems. A dilated eye exam uses eye drops to open your pupils wide so your eye care professional can look for signs of eye problems and treat them before they harm your vision. They will also test your vision and measure the pressure in your eyes.

What are the treatments for diabetic eye problems?

Treatment for diabetic eye problems depends on the problem and how serious it is. Some of the treatments include:

Lasers to stop blood vessels from leaking
Injections (shots) in the eye to stop new, leaky blood vessels from growing
Surgery to remove blood and scar tissue or replace a cloudy lens
Eye drops to lower fluid pressure in the eye

But these treatments aren't cures. Eye problems can come back. That's why your best defense against serious vision loss is to take control of your diabetes and get regular eye exams. It's also important to keep your blood pressure and cholesterol in a healthy range.

NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

String FDA Approved Drugs

ALORA [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

0.025mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.05mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.075mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.1mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

Allergan Sales Llc^{Apr 5, 2002}

CLIMARA [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

0.025mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.0375mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.05mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.06mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.075mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.1mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

Bayer Hlthcare^{Mar 5, 1999}

DIVIGEL [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

0.1% (0.25gm/packet) (transdermal gel)

0.1% (0.5gm/packet) (transdermal gel)

0.1% (1gm/packet) (transdermal gel)

Vertical Pharms Llc^{Jun 4, 2007}

ELESTRIN [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

0.06% (0.87gm/activation) (transdermal gel, metered)

Mylan Speciality Lp^{Dec 15, 2006}

ESTRACE [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

0.01% (vaginal cream)

Allergan Sales Llc^{Jan 31, 1984}

ESTRADIOL [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

0.025mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.0375mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.05mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.06mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.075mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.1mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.5mg (oral tablet)

10mcg (vaginal tablet)

2mg (oral tablet)

Mylan Technologies^{Dec 19, 2014}
Barr Labs Inc^{Oct 22, 1997}
Epic Pharma Inc^{Dec 29, 1998}
Mayne Pharma^{Mar 14, 1996}
Amneal Pharms^{May 29, 2015}

ESTRING [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

0.0075mg/24hr (vaginal insert, extended release)

Pharmacia And Upjohn^{Apr 26, 1996}

ESTROGEL [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

0.06% (1.25gm/activation) (transdermal gel, metered)

Ascend Theraps Us^{Feb 9, 2004}

EVAMIST [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

1.53mg/spray (transdermal spray)

Perrigo Pharma Intl^{Jul 27, 2007}

Female hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women.
Menopausal and postmenopausal disorders (including vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause).

MENOSTAR [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

0.014mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

Bayer Hlthcare^{Jun 8, 2004}

Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

MINIVELLE [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

0.025mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.0375mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.05mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.075mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.1mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

Noven^{Sep 23, 2014}

VAGIFEM [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

10mcg (vaginal tablet)

Novo Nordisk Inc^{Nov 25, 2009}

Treatment of atrophic vaginitis due to menopause.

VIVELLE-DOT [Estradiol^{C₁₈H₂₄O₂}]

0.025mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.0375mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.05mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.075mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

0.1mg/24hr (transdermal film, extended release)

Novartis^{May 3, 2002}

WARNING: Consult a licensed physician in the appropriate field for medical treatment and drug prescription. Do not self medicate.

WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for reference only. Many of these treatments may be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field. The owner of this website will not be held liable for any injuries and deaths cause by following any home remedies. We have no control of what is posted.

Home Remedies for String

STAINED TEETH
Make a paste from crushed strawberries, baking soda, and a little water. Apply onto teeth and polish using a soft bristled toothbrush. Limit use to every 3 or 4 months.
Mechanism - astringent malic acidLock | November 5th, 2017

SORE THROAT [pharyngitis]
Myrrh gum (Commiphora myrrha) is a disinfectant, antiseptic and astringent. Take as directed.Nobody | August 7th, 2020

Reference:

Bergner, Pal., Griswold, Alexandra F., Hufford, David J., et al. . Morton Grove, Il: Publications International, 2017.¹

WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.

Felter's Materia Medica on String

ABIES (Tsuga canadensis)^TSCA
...raindicated in inflammations. Therapy.External. A strong decoction of the bark is a satisfactory astringent for the checking of leucorrhoea and a good local application of this type for aphthous and......hich most of the alcoholic preparations pass, is mildly stimulant, antiseptic, and useful where an astringent remedy is desired in conditions of relaxation, with pallid mucosa. In small doses, the spe...²

ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM
The whole plant Achillea millefolium, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae); a common wayside and field herb in North America and Europe. Common Names:... / ...relaxation of tissue, with free dis. charges; passive hemorrhage. Action and Therapy.Achillea is astringent and tonic. Its chief virtues are shown in its occasional control of passive menorrhagia du...²

AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA
The whole plant of Agrimonia Eupatoria, Linné (Nat. Ord. Rosaceae). A common perennial in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia. Dose, 5 to... / ...tation of the urinary tract, with muddy, ill-smelling urine. Action and Therapy.A mild tonic and astringent, indicated as abovementioned, and of considerable value in cystic catarrh and nephritic ir... / ...it to give relief in abdominal pain due to faulty intestinal digestion. Dribbling of urine in old persons is said to be relieved by agrimony. ²

ALNUS SERRULATA
The recent bark of Alnus serrulata, Aiton (Nat. Ord. Betulaceae). A shrub of... / ...the same time. Internal. A good remedy to promote waste and repair and to improve nutrition. It is astringent and a bitter tonic, of use in gastric indigestion, with relaxed stomach walls and imperfec......in pustular eczema and recurrent crops of boils. Passive haematuria is sometimes controlled by its astringent action. ²

ANEMOPSIS CALIFORNICA
The root of Anemopsis californica, Hooker (Nat. Ord. Saururaceae). A native perennial of wet places in Southern California and Northern Mexico.... / ...aration.Specific Medicine Anemopsis. Dose, 10 to 60 drops in syrup. Action and Therapy.Reputed astringent, tonic, carminative, and anti-emetic. A mucous membrane stimulant for catarrhal conditions... / ...to slightly glycerinated water. It has a reputation for relieving the excessive discharges of chronic gonorrhea, acting somewhat like cubeb. ²

AQUA ROSÆ
Rose Water. Stronger Rose Water mixed with an equal part of distilled water, immediately before dispensing. Description.A clear aqueous... / ...taste of fresh rose petals.] Action and Therapy.External. A cooling, non-irritating and slightly astringent collyrium. As a perfume preparation it is of much value in cosmetic lotions and washes, an... / ...lotion for chapped hands, lips, and face. ²

CALUMBA (Jateorhiza palmata)^JAPA2
The root of Jateorhiza palmata (Lamarck), Miers (Nat. Ord. Menispermaceae). A climbing perennial, the Kalumb of the Southeast coast of Africa.... / ...n.This is a type of the pure, simple bitters which contain practically no oil or tannin, are not astringent and have no general effect, but act reflexly upon the stomachic and salivary functions by ... / ...local action, and indirectly, by favoring better digestion, the quality of the blood is improved, hence its value in anemia during convalescence.²

CAPSELLA^CAPSE
The freshly dried plant Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Moench (Nat. Ord. Cruciferae). A common weed, native of Europe, but naturalized... / ...ure and specific medicine are all efficient, but the green plant is most active. Owing to its mild astringency it has been employed in hematuria, diarrhoea, bleeding piles, and indigestion and dyspeps... / ...disorders of the urinary tract, with constant desire to urinate, and especially if associated with phosphatic deposits or passive hemorrhage.²

CASTANEA
The leaves of Castanea dentata (Marshall), Sudworth, collected in September or October while still green (Nat. Ord. Fagaceae). Native of Asia... / ...l Constituents.A mucilaginous principle, extracted by hot and cold water, but not by alcohol; an astringent body, a sweet substance, and potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron salts. Preparations.-1... / ...some good. The infusion (which is by far the best preparation) may be sweetened if desired, and given freely to the patient several times a day.²

CEANOTHUS^CEANO
The root, root-bark, and leaves of Ceanothus americanus, Marshall (Nat. Ord. Rhamnaceae.) A small shrub indigenous to the United States,... / ...nothus. Dose, 1 to 20 drops. Specific Indications.Sufficiently given below. Action and Therapy.Astringent and sedative. This drug is reputed efficient in gastric and hepatic disorders dependent up...²

CINCHONA^CINCH
...ids; quinamine, an important alkaloid; kinic (quinic) acid, kinovin (quinovin), cinchotannic acid (astringent); cinchona red (coloring agent); and a volatile oil (aroma). Preparations.-1. Specific Med......feeble digestion, and deficient recuperative powers. Action and Therapy.External. Antiseptic and astringent. A poultice of the bark has been successfully used upon fetid and gangrenous ulcers, and w......cessary upon suppurating and sloughing felons. Internal. Cinchona is tonic, antiperiodic, slightly astringent, and mildly antiseptic. In small doses it is a good stomachic, but must not be long contin...²

CINNAMOMUM
I. Cinnamomum Saigonicum. Dried bark of an undetermined species of Cinnamomum. Chiefly from China. II. Cinnamomum Zeylanicum. Dried bark of... / ...ions.-Passive hemorrhages. Action and Therapy.Cinnamon is an aromatic stimulant, carminative and astringent. Besides it possesses marked internal hemostatic power. That this is not wholly due to the...²

CRATAEGUS^CRAN6
The ripe fruit and bark of (1) Crataegus Oxyacantha, Linné, and (2) other species of Crataegus. (Nat. Ord. Rosaceae) 1. England and other parts... / ...The bark, fruit and leaves of several species of the genus Crataegus have in the past been used as astringents and tonics. Though a well-known wild shrub of thickets and commonly cultivated hedge and ... / ...trial; and as yet with no rational explanation of its reputed powers. The smaller doses are suggested as more likely to succeed than full doses.²

EQUISETUM^EQDY2
The plant, Equisetum hyemale, Linné (Nat. Ord. Equisetaceae). A peculiar leafless plant found throughout the northern and western parts of the... / ...nate; nocturnal urinal incontinence; renal calculi. Action and Therapy.Equisetum is diuretic and astringent. It is asserted to greatly relieve irritation due to the presence of gravel and the tenesm... / ...in acute prostatitis and in the prostatorrhea which follows it. The infusion (1 ounce to Water, 16 fluidounces) is the preferred preparation.²

EUPHORBIA HYPERICIFOLIA
The entire plant Euphorbia (Chamaesyce) hypericifolia, Linné (Nat. Ord. Euphorbiaceae). A common weed in rich soils of gardens and waste places throughout the United States. Common Names:... / ...tion has subsided. For the first-named childs disorder it is one of the most certain of sedative-astringents.²

Physician's Materia Medica on String

ABSCESS-ROOT
The root of POLEMONIUM REPTANS, Lin. Diaphoretic, especially in the form of hot infusion; expectorant, alterative, astringent. Has been used in febrile and inflammatory diseases, especially of the chest, and as a gargle in pharyngitis, etc.³

ACID GALLIC
Astringent but not locally hemostatic, Prescribed in diarrheas, in atonic albuminuria, in hematuria, colliquative sweats, diabetes insipidus (combined with opium) and in internal hemorrhages. Ap plied locally in ointments in hemorrhoids and for unhealthy ulcers. Dose, 0.2 to 1.0 Grm. (3 to 15 grs.)³

ACID LACTIC
Classed as tonic and astringent. Used in some forms of gas tric and intestinal indigestion and for relief of diarrhea in children. Locally acts as a cauterant, and formerly much used in treatment of chancres, chancroids, phagedenic ulcers and gangrene. Dose of the official diluted acid (10%), 0.6 to 1.6 c. c. (10 to 25 M).³

ACID TANNIC (Tannin)
Powerful astringent. Employed locally as a styptic; internally sometimes prescribed in diarrhea, but more commonly drugs rich in Tannin such as Blackberry or Rhatany are used. Dose, 0.12 to 0.6 Grm. (2 to 10 grs.). Ointment Tannic Acid, U. S. P., (87% grs. to the ounce). Used especially in hemorrhoids. Glycerite Tannic Acid, U. S. P. (87% grs. to the ounce). Used as application to throat in relaxed condition, also locally in chronic coryza and ozena, and in certain cutaneous diseases. as eczema,³

AGRIMONY^AGRIM
The herb of AGRIMONIA EUPATORI,-3, Lin. Astringent. Used in passive hemorrhages, bowel troubles, leucorrhea; the infusion as an astringent wash for ulcers or gargle for sore throat.³

ALUM [Aluminium and Potassium Sulphate]
A powerful astringent. Internally used as an emetic (especially in croup), also in lead colic. Locally used as a hemostatic or an as tringent wash or gargle. Dose as emetic, 4 to 8 Grm. (60 to 120 grs.); in lead colic, 1 to 3 Grru. (15 to 45 grs.) every 4 hours, in dilute solution.³

ALUM-ROOT
The root of HEUCHERA AMERICANA, Lin. A powerful astring ent. Useful as an astringent wash, gargle or injection.³

AMERICAN IVY (Ampelopsis)
The bark of the root of PARrrinNOCrssUs QUINQUEFOLIA, (Lin.) Planch. Alterative, tonic, expectorant, astringent. Used in dropsy, in pulmonary diseases and in strumous affectious.³

ARECA
Theseed of ARECA CATECHU, Lin. Astringent, anthelmintic. A remedy for tapeworm, especially in animals. Dose, 3 to 10 Grm. (50 to 150 grs.).³

AVENS ROOT
The root of GEUM RIVALE, Lin. Astringent, tonic; used in pas sive fluxes, hemorrhages, etc.³

Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on String

BED SORES
When threatened, harden skin by frequent use of astringent lotions, lead water, tannin dissolved in dilute alcohol, 2 grs. to fl. oz.; whiskey and salt (2 drachms to pint); Antiseptine diluted with wa ter or whiskey. When ulcers have formal, protect with soap plaster and use antiseptics. especially Iodosyl ointment. Sustain patient’s strength with nourishing and predigested food. Iron in form of the tincture is generally of service.³

CHOLERA INFANTUM
Withheld milk, substituting the juice of raw beef. , If irritant un digested food is present, give castor oil (aromatic); if stools are wa tery and colorless, give podophy1lin(1-20 gr. repeated in 2 hours), to change character of stools, then give astringents and carminatives. If vomiting is severe the best remedy is calomel in small repeated doses. Irrigation of the bowels with water at 100° F. is often useful. Apply a mild mustard or spice poultice over the bowels.³

DIABETES INSIPIDUS
If dependent on vaso-motor relaxation, ergot, extract suprarenal glands; astringents, particularly gallic acid and rhus aromatica. If due to nervous irritability, belladonna, nervines, bromides. Tonics are generally indicated, particularly iron and strychnine.³

DIARRHEA
...tum, Cholera Morbus and Dysentery. Simple Atonic Diarrhea is best treated by opium combined with gastric and intestinal stimulants, carminatives and astringents. Chlorodyne is an efficient remedy, also the sun cholera mixture and similar formulas given under Astringents, Intestinal in Part II. Many ......r urial (calomel, mercurous iodide or blue mass) to be followed by remedies such as the foregoing. Often intestinal antiseptics are more useful than astringents, especially carbolic acid, salol, zinc sulphocarbolate, bismuth. Copious rectal injections of water as hot as can be borne will often cure....³

EPISTAXIS
In severe cases, surgical measures must be resorted to (plugging anterior and posterior nares).... / In severe cases, surgical measures must be resorted to (plugging anterior and posterior nares). Styptic solutions (alum, tannin, vegetable astringents, Monsel’s solution, vinegar) may be used, or else remedies that contract the capillaries (fluid extract ergot, anti pyrin, extract suprar...³

GLEET
Iodosyl Pencils; astringent and antiseptic injections or irrigation (silver nitrate, mercuric chloride, zinc sulphate, carbolic acid. potassium permanganate, bismuth subnitrate); internally, methylere blue, sandalwood oil, etc.; Ze-an. Treat stricture by dilatation.³

HEMATEMESIS
Astringents, particularly Monsel’s Solution (3 minims well dilut ed), tincture ferric Chloride, tannin, opium and lead acetate; ice swallowed frequently; extract suprarenal capsules; ergot; distilled extract witch hazel.³

HEMATURIA
For hemorrhage from the bladder, the most eflicient remedies are fluid extract ergot, oil erigeron, gallic acid, cannabis indica and camphor (5 to 10 gr. doses). Astringent injections are not to be ad vised except in extreme cases, but epinephrine hydrochloride may be used thus. In malarial hematuria, sodium hyposulphite is recom mended, 5 to 15 grains four or five times a day.³

PROLAPSUS ANI.
Astringent applications such as those used in Hemorrhoids, q. v.; mechanical support of the part.³

References

1) Bergner, Pal., Griswold, Alexandra F., Hufford, David J., et al. . Morton Grove, Il: Publications International, 2017.
2) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
3) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.

Ledgend of Medicine

MODERN MEDICINES

HOME REMEDIES

RANDOM DRUGS

RANDOM AILMENTS

String

String FDA Approved Drugs

Home Remedies for String

Felter's Materia Medica on String

Physician's Materia Medica on String

Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on String

References