Acute

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What is leukemia?

Leukemia is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:

White blood cells help your body fight infection
Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs
Platelets help form clots to stop bleeding

When you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.

What is acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of acute leukemia. "Acute" means that the leukemia usually gets worse quickly if it's not treated. In AML, the bone marrow makes abnormal myeloblasts (a type of white blood cell), red blood cells, or platelets. When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, anemia, and easy bleeding. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body.

There are several different subtypes of AML. The subtypes are based on how developed the cancer cells are when you get your diagnosis and how different they are from normal cells.

What causes acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

AML happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown. However, there are certain factors that raise your risk of AML.

Who is at risk for acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

The factors that raise your risk of AML include:

Being male
Smoking, especially after age 60
Having had chemotherapy or radiation therapy
Treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as a child
Exposure to the chemical benzene
A history of another blood disorder such as myelodysplastic syndrome

What are the symptoms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

The signs and symptoms of AML include:

Fever
Shortness of breath
Easy bruising or bleeding
Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.
Weakness or feeling tired
Weight loss or loss of appetite
Bone or joint pain, if the abnormal cells build up near or inside the bones

How is acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosed?

Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose AML and figure out which subtype you have:

A physical exam
A medical history
Blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC) and blood smear
Bone marrow tests. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.
Genetic tests to look for gene and chromosome changes

If you are diagnosed with AML, you may have additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include imaging tests and a lumbar puncture, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

What are the treatments for acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Treatments for AML include:

Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant
Other anticancer medicines

Which treatment you get often depends on which subtype of AML you have. Treatment is usually done in two phases:

The goal of the first phase is to kill the leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. This puts the leukemia into remission. Remission means that the signs and symptoms of cancer are reduced or have disappeared.
The second phase is known as post-remission therapy. Its goal is to prevent a relapse (return) of the cancer. It involves killing any remaining leukemia cells that may not be active but could begin to regrow.

NIH: National Cancer Institute

Acute FDA Approved Drugs

ABILIFY [Aripiprazole^{C₂₃H₂₇Cl₂N₃O₂}]

10mg (oral tablet)

15mg (oral tablet)

20mg (oral tablet)

2mg (oral tablet)

30mg (oral tablet)

Otsuka^{Nov 15, 2002}

Acute treatment of manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar i disorder.
Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (mdd).
Treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder.
Treatment of major depressive disorder (mdd).
Treatment of schizophrenia, acute treatment of manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar i disorder, adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder, and treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder.
Treatment of schizophrenia.

ABILIFY MAINTENA KIT [Aripiprazole^{C₂₃H₂₇Cl₂N₃O₂}]

300mg (intramuscular for suspension, extended release)

300mg/vial (intramuscular for suspension, extended release)

400mg (intramuscular for suspension, extended release)

400mg/vial (intramuscular for suspension, extended release)

Otsuka Pharm Co Ltd^{Sep 29, 2014}

Treatment of schizophrenia, with efficacy in treating acute episodes of schizophrenia.
Treatment of schizophrenia.
Use of aripiprazole in extended release injectable suspension in treating acute episodes of schizophrenia.
Use of aripiprazole in extended release injectable suspension.

ADASUVE [Loxapine^{C₁₈H₁₈ClN₃O}]

10mg (inhalation powder)

Alexza Pharms^{Dec 21, 2012}

Adasuve is a typical antipsychotic indicated for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar i disorder in adults.

AGGRASTAT [Tirofiban Hydrochloride^{C₂₂H₃₆N₂O₅SClHH₂O}]

eq 12.5mg base/250ml (eq 0.05mg base/ml) (injection injectable)

eq 3.75mg base/15ml (eq 0.25mg base/ml) (injection solution)

eq 5mg base/100ml (eq 0.05mg base/ml) (injection injectable)

Medicure^{Apr 20, 2000}

A dosing regimen of aggrastat (tirofiban hydrochloride)(25mcg/kg followed by 0.15mcg/kg/min infusion) to reduce the rate of thrombotic coronary events associated with acute coronary syndrome (acs) in patients with non-st elevation acs.

BRILINTA [Ticagrelor^{C₂₃H₂₈F₂N₆O₄S}]

60mg (oral tablet)

90mg (oral tablet)

Astrazeneca Pharms^{Sep 3, 2015}

Method of inhibiting platelet aggregation.
Reduction of the rate of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.
Reduction of the rate of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome or a history of myocardial infarction.
Reduction of the rate of thrombotic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Treatment of an arterial thrombotic complication in a patient with coronary artery, cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular disease.
Treatment of arterial thrombotic complications selected from the group consisting of unstable angina, thrombotic or embolic stroke, transient ischaemic attacks, peripheral vascular disease and myocardial infarction.
Treatment of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome or a history of myocardial infarction.
Treatment of myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronary syndrome or a history of myocardial infarction.
Treatment of myocardial infarction.
Treatment of post-myocardial infarction.
Treatment of stable and unstable angina.
Treatment of stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome or a history of myocardial infarction.
Treatment of stroke.
Treatment of thrombotic stroke.

CAMBIA [Diclofenac Potassium^{C₁₄H₁₀Cl₂NO₂K}]

50mg (oral for solution)

Depomed Inc^{Jun 17, 2009}

Acute treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura in adults.

CARDENE [Nicardipine Hydrochloride^{C₂₆H₂₉N₃O₆ClH}]

25mg/10ml (2.5mg/ml) (injection injectable)

Chiesi Usa Inc^{Jan 30, 1992}

Method for treating acute elevations of blood pressure in human subject in need thereof.

CARDENE IN 0.83% SODIUM CHLORIDE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Nicardipine Hydrochloride^{C₂₆H₂₉N₃O₆ClH}]

40mg/200ml (0.2mg/ml) (intravenous injectable)

Chiesi Usa Inc^{Nov 7, 2008}

Method for treating acute elevations of blood pressure in human subject in need thereof.

CARDENE IN 0.86% SODIUM CHLORIDE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Nicardipine Hydrochloride^{C₂₆H₂₉N₃O₆ClH}]

20mg/200ml (0.1mg/ml) (intravenous injectable)

Chiesi Usa Inc^{Jul 31, 2008}

Method for treating acute elevations of blood pressure in human subject in need thereof.

CARDENE IN 4.8% DEXTROSE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Nicardipine Hydrochloride^{C₂₆H₂₉N₃O₆ClH}]

20mg/200ml (0.1mg/ml) (intravenous injectable)

Chiesi Usa Inc^{Jul 31, 2008}

Method for treating acute elevations of blood pressure in human subject in need thereof.

CARDENE IN 5.0% DEXTROSE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Nicardipine Hydrochloride^{C₂₆H₂₉N₃O₆ClH}]

40mg/200ml (0.2mg/ml) (intravenous injectable)

Chiesi Usa Inc^{Nov 7, 2008}

Method for treating acute elevations of blood pressure in human subject in need thereof.

CIPRODEX [Ciprofloxacin^{C₁₇H₁₈FN₃O₃} : Dexamethasone^{C₂₂H₂₉FO₅}]

0.3% : 0.1% (otic suspension/drops)

Novartis Pharms Corp^{Jul 18, 2003}

Treatment of acute otitis externa.
Treatment of acute otitis media.

CLOLAR [Clofarabine^{C₁₀H₁₁ClFN₅O₃}]

20mg/20ml (1mg/ml) (iv (infusion) injectable)

Genzyme^{Dec 28, 2004}

Clolar is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients 1 to 21 years old with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia after at least two prior regimens.

FANAPT [Iloperidone^{C₂₄H₂₇FN₂O₄}]

10mg (oral tablet)

12mg (oral tablet)

1mg (oral tablet)

4mg (oral tablet)

6mg (oral tablet)

8mg (oral tablet)

Vanda Pharms Inc^{May 6, 2009}

Dosage modification to reduce risks associated with qt prolongation not induced by other drugs during treatment with iloperidone.
Dosage modification to reduce the risk associated with qt prolongation not induced by other drugs during treatment with iloperidone.
Indicated for the acute treatment of adults with schizophrenia.
Method of treating schizophrenia by administering iloperidone to a patient by reducing the dose in patients who are being treated with fluoxetine.
Method of treating schizophrenia by administering iloperidone to a patient by reducing the dose in patients who are poor metabolizers of cyp2d6.

FIRAZYR [Icatibant Acetate^{C₅₉H₈₉N₁₉O₁₃SC₂H₄O₂}]

eq 30mg base/3ml (eq 10mg base/ml) (subcutaneous injectable)

Shire Orphan Therap^{Aug 25, 2011}

Treatment of pathological state by antagonizing bradykinin receptor including treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema (hae).

ICLUSIG [Ponatinib Hydrochloride^{C₂₉H₂₇F₃N₆OClH}]

eq 15mg base (oral tablet)

eq 30mg base (oral tablet)

eq 45mg base (oral tablet)

Ariad^{Dec 14, 2012}

A method for the treatment of leukemias.
A method for treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
A method for treating chronic myeloid leukemia.
A method for treating leukemia resulting from a mutation in the bcr-abl kinase domain.
A method for treating philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
A method of treating chronic myelogenous leukemia.

MARQIBO KIT [Vincristine Sulfate^{C₄₆H₅₆N₄O₁₀H₂O₄S}]

5mg/5ml (1mg/ml) (intravenous injectable, liposomal)

Talon Therap^{Aug 9, 2012}

Treatment of adult patients with philadelphia chromosome-negative(ph-) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) in second or greater relapse or whose disease has progressed following two or more anti-leukemia therapies.

MYCAMINE [Micafungin Sodium^{C₅₆H₇₀N₉O₂₃SNa}]

eq 100mg base/vial (iv (infusion) injectable)

eq 50mg base/vial (iv (infusion) injectable)

Astellas^{Jun 27, 2006}

Treatment of esophageal candidiasis and prophylaxis of candida infections in hsct patients.
Treatment of patients with candidemia, acute disseminated candidiasis, candida peritonitis and abscesses.

NITHIODOTE [Sodium Nitrite^NO₂Na : Sodium Thiosulfate^{2NaO₃S₂5H₂O}]

300mg/10ml(30mg/ml),n/a : n/a,12.5gm/50ml(250mg/ml) (intravenous, intravenous solution, solution)

Hope Pharms^{Jan 14, 2011}

Sodium thiosulfate injection is indicated for sequential use with sodium nitrite for the treatment of acute cyanide poisoning.
Treatment of acute cyanide poisoning that is judged to be life threatening.

NUCYNTA [Tapentadol Hydrochloride^{C₁₄H₂₃NOClH}]

eq 100mg base (oral tablet)

eq 20mg base/ml (oral solution)

eq 50mg base (oral tablet)

eq 75mg base (oral tablet)

Depomed Inc^{Nov 20, 2008}

Relief of moderate to severe acute pain.

ONZETRA XSAIL [Sumatriptan Succinate^{C₁₄H₂₁N₃O₂SC₄H₆O₄}]

eq 11mg base (inhalation powder)

Avanir Pharms^{Jan 27, 2016}

Acute treatment of migraine by delivering a powdered substance comprising sumatriptan via a breath-powered delivery device.
Acute treatment of migraine.
Method of drug delivery via the nasal cavity.
Treatment of migraine via delivery of sumatriptan via the nasal cavity.

OTOVEL [Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride^{C₁₇H₁₈FN₃O₃ClHH₂O} : Fluocinolone Acetonide^{C₂₄H₃₀F₂O₆}]

eq 0.3% base : 0.025% (otic solution/drops)

Laboratorios Salvat^{Apr 29, 2016}

Treatment of acute otitis media.

PROSCAR [Finasteride^{C₂₃H₃₆N₂O₂}]

5mg (oral tablet)

Merck^{Jun 19, 1992}

Treating precipitated acute urinary retention with finasteride.

PROZAC [Fluoxetine Hydrochloride^{C₁₇H₁₈F₃NOClH}]

eq 10mg base (oral capsule)

eq 20mg base (oral capsule)

eq 40mg base (oral capsule)

Eli Lilly And Co^{Dec 23, 1992}

Prozac and olanzapine in combination for the acute treatment of treatment resistant depression in adults.

QBRELIS [Lisinopril^{C₂₁H₃₁N₃O₅2H₂O}]

1mg/ml (oral solution)

Silvergate Pharms^{Jul 29, 2016}

Acute myocardial infarction.
Method of treating hypertension.
Method of treatment of heart failure.
Reduction of mortality in acute mycardial infarction.
Treatment of heart failure.
Treatment of hypertension.
Treatment of myocardial infarction.

RAPIVAB [Peramivir^{C₁₅H₂₈N₄O₄3H₂O}]

200mg/20ml (10mg/ml) (iv (infusion) solution)

Biocryst^{Dec 19, 2014}

Treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in adults.

RYDAPT [Midostaurin^{C₃₅H₃₀N₄O₄}]

25mg (oral capsule)

Novartis Pharms Corp^{Apr 28, 2017}

Treatment of adult patients with aggressive systemic mastocytosis (asm), systemic mastocytosis with associated hematological neoplasm (sm-ahn), or mast cell leukemia (mcl).
Treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (aml) who are flt3 mutation-positive, in combination with standard cytarabine and daunorubicin induction and cytarabine consolidation chemotherapy.

SAPHRIS [Asenapine Maleate^{C₁₇H₁₆ClNOC₄H₄O₄}]

eq 10mg base (sublingual tablet)

eq 2.5 base (sublingual tablet)

eq 5mg base (sublingual tablet)

Forest Labs Llc^{Aug 13, 2009}

Method of treating manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder in pediatric patients.
Method of treating schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Treatment of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
Use of the atypical antipsychotic asenapine for treatment of manic or mixed episodes of bipolar i disorder: acute monotherapy of manic or mixed episodes (ages 10 to adult).
Use of the atypical antipsychotic asenapine for treatment of manic or mixed episodes of bipolar i disorder: acute monotherapy of manic or mixed episodes in pediatric patients age 10-17.
Use of the atypical antipsychotic asenapine for treatment of manic or mixed episodes of bipolar i disorder: as adjunctive treatment to lithium or valproate in adults.
Use of the atypical antipsychotic asenapine for treatment of manic or mixed episodes of bipolar i disorder: maintenance monotherapy in adults.
Use of the atypical antipsychotic asenapine for treatment of schizophrenia in adults.

SARAFEM [Fluoxetine Hydrochloride^{C₁₇H₁₈F₃NOClH}]

eq 10mg base (oral tablet)

eq 15mg base (oral tablet)

eq 20mg base (oral tablet)

Apil^{May 19, 2006}

SODIUM THIOSULFATE [Sodium Thiosulfate^{2NaO₃S₂5H₂O}]

12.5gm/50ml (250mg/ml) (intravenous solution)

Hope Pharms^{Feb 14, 2012}

Sodium thiosulfate injection is indicated for sequential use with sodium nitrite for the treatment of acute cyanide poisoning.
Treatment of acute cyanide poisoning that is judged to be life threatening.

SYMBYAX [Fluoxetine Hydrochloride^{C₁₇H₁₈F₃NOClH} : Olanzapine^{C₁₇H₂₀N₄S}]

eq 25mg base : eq 12mg base (oral capsule)

eq 25mg base : eq 3mg base (oral capsule)

eq 25mg base : eq 6mg base (oral capsule)

eq 50mg base : eq 12mg base (oral capsule)

eq 50mg base : eq 6mg base (oral capsule)

Lilly^{Dec 24, 2003}

Symbyax is indicated for the acute treatment of treatment resistant depression in adults.

THALOMID [Thalidomide^{C₁₃H₁₀N₂O₄}]

100mg (oral capsule)

150mg (oral capsule)

200mg (oral capsule)

Celgene^{Jan 17, 2003}

Acute treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of moderate to severe erythema nodosum leprosum (enl).
Approval for marketing only under a special restriction program approved by fda called 'system for thalidomide education and prescribing safety' (s.t.e.p.s.).
Maintenance therapy for prevention and supression of the cutaneous manifestations of enl recurrence.
Method for delivering a drug to a patient in need of the drug, while avoiding the occurence of an adverse side effect known or suspected of being caused by said drug.
Treatment of cutaneous manifestations of erythema nodosum leprosum (enl) in connection with a special program approved by fda called 'system for thalidomide education and prescribing safety' (s.t.e.p.s.).
Treatment of male patient having a disease or condition responsive to a teratogenic drug.
Use in combination with dexamethasone is indicated for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.
Use of thalidomide in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.
Use of thalidomide in treatment of cutaneous manifestations of erythema nodosum leprosum (enl).
Use of thalidomide while preventing the exposure of a fetus or other contraindicated individual to thalidomide.

TREXIMET [Naproxen Sodium^{C₁₄H₁₃O₃Na} : Sumatriptan Succinate^{C₁₄H₂₁N₃O₂SC₄H₆O₄}]

500mg : eq 85mg base (oral tablet)

60mg : eq 10mg base (oral tablet)

Pernix Ireland Ltd^{Apr 15, 2008}

Acute treatment of migraine.
Treatment of migraine.

TRISENOX [Arsenic Trioxide^As₂O₃]

1mg/ml (injection injectable)

Cephalon^{Sep 25, 2000}

Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (apl) in patients whose apl is characterized by the presence of the (15;17) translocation or pml/rar-alpha gene expression.
Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (apl).
Treatment of acute promyelogenous leukemia (apl).

VRAYLAR [Cariprazine Hydrochloride^{C₂₁H₃₂Cl₂N₄OClH}]

eq 1.5mg base (oral capsule)

eq 3mg base (oral capsule)

eq 4.5mg base (oral capsule)

eq 6mg base (oral capsule)

Forest Res Inst Inc^{Sep 17, 2015}

Treatment of schizophrenia and/or acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar i disorder with cariprazine.

XARTEMIS XR [Acetaminophen^{C₈H₉NO₂} : Oxycodone Hydrochloride^{C₁₈H₂₁NO₄ClH}]

325mg : 7.5mg (oral tablet, extended release)

Mallinckrodt Inc^{Mar 11, 2014}

Management of acute pain in patients requiring opioid analgesia.
Method of treating patients with gastric retentive dosage form.

XTORO [Finafloxacin^{C₂₀H₁₉FN₄O₄}]

0.3% (otic suspension/drops)

Novartis Pharms Corp^{Dec 17, 2014}

Treatment of acute otitis externa.

ZIPSOR [Diclofenac Potassium^{C₁₄H₁₀Cl₂NO₂K}]

25mg (oral capsule)

Depomed Inc^{Jun 16, 2009}

Diclofenac potassium for relief of mild to moderate acute pain.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indicated for relief of mild to moderate acute pain.

ZYPREXA [Olanzapine^{C₁₇H₂₀N₄S}]

10mg (oral tablet)

10mg/vial (intramuscular injectable)

15mg (oral tablet)

2.5mg (oral tablet)

20mg (oral tablet)

7.5mg (oral tablet)

Lilly^{Sep 30, 1996}

Prozac and olanzapine in combination for the acute treatment of treatment resistant depression in adults.

ZYPREXA ZYDIS [Olanzapine^{C₁₇H₂₀N₄S}]

10mg (oral tablet, orally disintegrating)

15mg (oral tablet, orally disintegrating)

20mg (oral tablet, orally disintegrating)

Lilly^{Apr 6, 2000}

Zyprexa zydis and fluoxetine in combination for the acute treatment of treatment resistant depression in adults.

WARNING: Consult a licensed physician in the appropriate field for medical treatment and drug prescription. Do not self medicate.

WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for reference only. Many of these treatments may be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field. The owner of this website will not be held liable for any injuries and deaths cause by following any home remedies. We have no control of what is posted.

Home Remedies for Acute

COLDS COUGH FEVER [acute viral rhinopharyngitis - acute cor]
Garlic has been used for colds, bronchial problems, coughs and fevers throughout history. It is a blood thinner and lowers cholesterol.

In a blender, chop 3 garlic cloves and 1/2 a lemon (including the skin).
Steep contents in a cup with boiling water for 5 minutes.
Strain solids, leaving the liquid.
Add a little honey to the liquid.
Drink slowly.

For colds: Prepare and drink garlic tea 3 times a day.
During epidemics/pandemics: Drink 1 time per day.

This may just be what we n...NathanielHawthorne | August 13th, 2020

Reference:

Motteshard, Tammy D. "The Benefits Of The Use Of Garlic In Herbal Preparations: Chemical Constituents", www.herballegacy.com/Motteshard_Chemical.html.¹

COVID-19 [severe acute respiratory syndrome corona]
Citriodiol® consists mainly of p-menthane-3,8-diol or PMD and has anti-viral activity against the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It has other names, after its ingredient:
Oil of lemon Eucalyptus (OLE) – USA (EPA & CDC)
Oil of lemon eucalyptus, hydrated, cyclized – Canada (PMRA)
Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (hydrated, cyclized) – Australia (APVMA)
Eucalyptus citriodora oil, hydrated, cyclized (abbreviated for informal use as EC Oil (H/C)) - European Union
Leaves and branches are har...
Mechanism - PMD (p-menthane-3,8-diol)JackR | August 26th, 2020

Reference:

"Citriodiol® Nature's Most Effective Insect Repellent", www.citrefine.com/citriodiol/.²

WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.

Felter's Materia Medica on Acute

ACONITUM NEPALLUS
The dried tuberous root of Aconitum Napellus, Linné (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae). Mountains of Europe and Asia, and northwestern North America.... / ...e numbness. There may be dizziness most marked upon assuming the upright posture, pain in the head, acute body pain, excessive depression, with feeble circulation and diminished respiration. The pulse... / ...approaching from the extremities to the body. Excessive sweating comes on, rapidly lowering the body temperature, dimness of vision, ³

ALLIUM CEPA
The fresh bulb of Allium Cepa, Linné (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). Common in cultivation everywhere. Common Name: Onion. Principal Constituent.A... / ...h vinegar gives relief to inflamed corns and bunions. Roasted onion makes an efficient poultice for acute broncho-pulmonic inflammations, especially of young children, when local applications are desi... / ...pus, and mucus. The dose is from 5 to 10 drops in water. It is sometimes given with an equal quantity of tincture of Xanthium Strumarium. ³

ALLIUM SATIVUM
The bulb of Allium sativum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). Sicily, Asia Minor, and Central Asia; cultivated also in the United States and Europe.... / ... Stimulant and rubefacient. Garlic poultice, like that of the onion, may be applied with benefit in acute respiratory and abdominal inflammations. It sometimes excites a flow of urine in atony of the ...³

ALTHÆA OFFICINALIS
...ternal. A soothing application to inflamed surfaces; and may be used as an injection for dysentery, acute vaginitis, and the acute stage of gonorrhea. A favorite gargle for irritated throat. Applied u......itation and inflammation, and as a soothing drink in vesical and renal irritation and inflammation, acute cystitis, strangury and gravel. If the mucilage chiefly is desired, an infusion should be prep...³

ARNICA MONTANA
...in, under some circumstances producing marked dermal irritation, deepening into an erysipelatous or acute eczematous inflammation, with pustules and blisters, and often grave constitutional symptoms. ...... normal warmth, re-establish restrained secretion, and thus relieve pain. In painful, bruised or subacute inflammatory disorders arising from injury, with marked lowering of nerve tone, muscular achin...³

ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA
...easpoonful every 1 or 2 hours.) Specific Indications. Pulse strong, vibratile; skin moist; pain acute, and seemingly dependent on motion (Scudder). Skin hot and dry, or inclined to moisture; uri......nts and children. While it acts best when strictly indicated, it is almost never contraindicated in acute respiratory affections. In acute chest diseases asclepias is useful to control cough, pain, te......ic and other chest affections. With the conditions named asclepias is of the very greatest value in acute coryza, la grippe, acute bronchitis, pleuro-pneumonia, and pneumonia, both catarrhal and croup...³

BAPTISIA
The recent root and leaves of Baptisia tinctoria, Robert Brown (Nat. Ord. Leguminosae), a perennial shrub-like plant, indigenous to North... / ... or resembling the washings of raw meat or prune juice. Baptisia is not, as a rule, a remedy in acute diseases showing great activity, but rather for disorders showing marked capillary enfeeblemen... / ...healing of the ulcerated surfaces. In all of the local disorders mentioned, baptisia should be given internally as well as applied locally.³

BELLADONNA (Atropa belladonna)^ATROP
The (1) dried root and the (2) dried leaves and tops of Atropa Belladonna, Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). Europe and Central Asia; also... / ...hronic rheumatism, lumbago, myalgia, pleurodynia, the chest pains of pulmonary tuberculosis, and in acute mastitis. In many of the surface conditions mentioned the plaster may prove most effectual. Th...³

BRYONIA
...ly than bryonia. It is a remedy for debility and the long train of miseries accompanying it, and in acute diseases it is of first importance as a remedy for pain and inflammation in serous membranes. ......torpid, and though much awake has little inclination to move about. Bryonia patients, except in the acute infections, often display a deficiency of nervous balance and with this may or may not be asso......is a splendid agent for cold in the chest. It is the most decidedly efficient remedy we possess for acute pleurisy, being usually given with, or in alternation with, the indicated special sedativeacon...³

BUCHU (Barosma)^AGBE2
The dried leaves of (1) Barosma betulina (Thunberg), Bartling and Wendland, or of (2) Barosma serratifolia (Curtis), Willdenow. (Nat. Ord. Rutaceae.) South Africa. Dose, 5 to 60... / ...hu renders the urine dark, the latter depositing a brownish precipitate. It should never be used in acute disorders.³

CAFFEA
...armth adds to its efficiency. A cup of strong, hot coffee is often an effectual sobering draught in acute alcoholism. and small and repeated amounts will sometimes ward off an attack of delirium treme......t can be used in the exhaustion of low fevers of a typhoid type and in the debility following other acute disorders, particularly if the patient was previously accustomed to its use as a beverage. In ...... previously accustomed to its use as a beverage. In fact, coffee should never be wholly withheld in acute disorders when it has been a factor in the patient's daily dietary. For its stimulating effect...³

CALUMBA (Jateorhiza palmata)^JAPA2
...he stomach with poor appetite and feeble digestion. It is especially valuable in convalescence from acute fevers and other disorders in which there is lack of desire for food and poor digestion, with ...... without pain, immediately upon eating. After the active stage of cholera morbus, cholera infantum, acute diarrhoea, and dysentery it may be given to promote the appetite and digestion. When desired c......when flatulence and constipation are present. Calumba and the allied bitters should not be given in acute or subacute inflammatory conditions of the stomach, nor during acute fevers, nor when digestio...³

CAMPHORA
...g the spirit, or camphor dropped into hot water, gives relief in nervous headache, and often aborts acute colds, coryza, and influenza, giving respite from the excessive secretion and the accompanying......t, or camphorated oil are favorite applications for tenderness and pain, chilblains, toothache, and acute mastitis: in the latter it tends to suppress the milk. The spirit is in common use as a lotion...³

CANTHARIS
...ction may be so intense as to cause sloughing and gangrene; or by absorption to cause strangury and acute nephritis. Small doses stimulate the excretion of urine; large doses are destructively irritan...... urine. Large doses produce all the intense agonies of a violently destructive gastro-enteritis and acute inflammation of the kidneys and bladder; with final suppression of urine and death from uremia......ibbling, and intense scalding heat. In minute doses it may be cautiously used in the late stages of acute desquamative nephritis, where the kidneys are weak and functionate sluggishly, every little ex...³

CAPSICUM
...ssary stimulant when given in small doses. The infusion of capsicum is a simple domestic remedy for acute colds, sore throat and hoarseness. Small doses of the tincture are of the utmost value in debi......active, no agent is superior nor safer than capsicum. It has, therefore, wide usefulness in disease-acute, subacute, or chronic. For chronic gastric catarrh it may be used occasionally, but should not...³

Physician's Materia Medica on Acute

AMBER OIL
Counter-irritant, antispasmodic; used internally in persistent hicoough; externally employed in rheumatism, acute laryngitis and in infantile bronchitis (mixed with olive oil 1:3).⁴

AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
Stimulant expectorant, alterative, hepatic stimulant. Used es pecially in bronchitis, acute or chronic, in hepatic torpor and catar rhal jaundice, in neuralgias and as a resolvent in glandular enlarge ments. Dose, as expectorant, 0.13 to 0.6 Grm. (2 to 10 grs.); as hepa tic stimulant, 0.6 to 2.0 Grm. (10 to 30 grs.).⁴

ANTIPYRIN (Phenazone)
Chemical name Phenyldimethylpyrazolon. Antipyretic, anal gesic, locally hemostatic. Used chiefly for relief of pain of a non-in fiammatory character, as in neuralgic affections and in locomotor ataxia. It often gives relief in whooping cough, and is a valuable remedy in epilepsy. Locally it is used with advantage in acute coryza and in hemorrhoids, associated generally with cocaine. Dose. 0.2 to 0.3 Grm. (3 to 5 grs.), which may be increased if the remedy is well borne.⁴

ASPIRIN
Chemical name Acetyl-salicylic Acid. Sparingly soluble in wa ter, and not disagreeable in taste. Used as a substitute for salicylic acid in acute rheumatism, also as as intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 0.3 to 1.0 Grm. (5 to 15 grs.). three times a day.⁴

BUCHU^AGBE2
The leaves of BAROsMA BETULIN.-l, (Thunb.) Bart. & Wend. and of B. CRENULATA, (L.) Hook. Tonic, stimulant diuretic, antiseptic. A valuable remedy in all subacute and chronic inflammations of the urinary tract.⁴

CAMPHOR^DRYOB
A stearopten obtained from CINNAMOMUM CAMP:-roRA, F. Nees & Eber. Stimulates the nervous and vascular systems: antispasmo dic, anaphrodisiac. Prescribed in acute coryza, in diarrhea, in some spasmodic affections, and to allay maniacal and sexual excitement. Dose, 0.06 to0.3 Grm. (1 to 5 grs.); in low fevers and in mania 0.6 to 1.3 Grm. (10 to 20 grs.) may be given.⁴

CONIUM (Poison Hemlock)
The immature fruit, also the leaves (unoflicial), oi CONIUM MACULATUM, Lin. Sedative, discutient, antispasmodic, anaphro disiac. Prescribed in cutaneous diseases, cancer and scrofulous indurations for its resolvent action, and in tetanus, chorea and acute mania as an antispasmodic and sedative.⁴

COPAIBA ^COOF2
An oleoresin obtained from COPAIBA LANGSDORFFII (Desf.) O.Kze., and kindred species. Alterative to mucous membranes, es pecially of genito-urinary system and air passages; diuretic. Pre scribed in gonorrhea, sub-acute and chronic cystitis, leucorrhea, bronchial catarrh and in chronic skin diseases. Dose, 0.6 to 4.0 c. c. (10 to 60 M).⁴

CORN SILK
The styles and stigmas of ZEA MAYs, Lin. A lenitive diuretic. A valuable remedy in all sub-acute or chronic inflammations of the urinary tract, in gonorrhea, cystitis and wherever a non-irritant diuretic is indicated.⁴

COUCH-GRASS (Triticum)
The creeping rhizome of AGROPYRUM REPENS, (L.) Beauv. Emollient diuretic, resembling corn-silk in action. Useful in sub acute and chronic inflammations of the urinary tract.⁴

Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on Acute

CONJUNCTIVITIS
In simple acute Conjunctivitis, boric acid, 10 grs. to the oz.’ in camphor water, or sodium borate of similar strength; silver nit rate, 2 to 5 firs. to the oz.; in... / In simple acute Conjunctivitis, boric acid, 10 grs. to the oz.’ in camphor water, or sodium borate of similar strength; silver nit rate, 2 to 5 firs. to the o... / ...for in flammation; silver nitrate, 15 grs. to fl. oz.; Iodosyl in powder; instilla tions of atropine solution with use of Iodosyl if ulcerations of cornea occur.⁴

CORYZA
Treat early stage as in acute bronchitis. The local congestion may be relieved by application of a 4 per cent. solution of cocaine, or a solution of suprarenal extract. Spray or vapor of camphor and menthol or use by inhaler of a little Phenol Camphor gives much relief. Alkal-Antiseptine with nasal douche is a useful remedy.⁴

CYSTITIS
In Acute Cystitis, aconite and spirit of nitrous ether, supposi tories (or hot rectal injections) of belladonna or extract opium, hot sitz bath, Glycerop......lyceroplasma over bladder. Avoid highly seasoned foods and remedies which may irritate the bladder. If urine becomes purulent, salol is useful. In Subacute Cystitis, Ze-an (which is also ad misible even in acute attacks as a lenitive diuretic), buchu, uva ursi, Elixir Saw Palmetto and Sandalwood. In...⁴

DYSENTERY
The most useful remedies in acute cases are; magnesium sul phate (drachm doses of a saturated solution, with aromatic sulphuric acid); calomel in full cathartic dose; ipecac in large doses, combimxi with opium to restrain vomiting; ergot for its antihemorrhagic action. Irrigation of the bowel with mercuric chloride (l;5000) or silver nitrate (12500) or zinc sulphocarbolate (l;l000) is useful in chronic cases.⁴

ENDOCARDITIS
In the early stage, control heart’s action with aconite or veratrum viride; calomel and opium or morphine; leeches or ice bag over pre cordium. Later sustain heart’s action with digitalis. If of rheuma tic or syphilitic origin adopt appropriate general treatment. In cases of acute articular rheumatism, watch for indications of cardiac inflammation and meet symptoms promptly.⁴

EPIDIDYMITIS
Use antipyretic and anodyne remedies as indicated. Apply locally an ointment of guaiacol or a solution of silver nitrate. Keep patient in bed if possible, with pelvis elevated, or else keep the part at rest by an appropriate dressing. After acute symptoms have sub sided treat resulting induration with mercurial and belladonna ointments or with lanolin, giving iodides internally.⁴

GASTRITIS. ACUTE
Empty the stomach. preferably by stomach tube, washing out with warm normal salt solution; opium (deodcrizui tincture), mucila ginous drinks. hot fomentations or poultice over epigastrium. Treat inflammatory symptoms on general principles.⁴

GONORRHEA
Free irrigation twice a day with a hot solution of potassium per manganate (1 grain increased gradually to 3 grs. to the pint); Iodosyl Pencils, with internal use of Ze-an; injections of silver nitrate or protargol, zinc acetate, mercuric chloride. Internally copaiba, oil sandalwood, cubeb. Treatment for acute gonorrhea should be con tinued until gonococci have completely disappeared.⁴

GOUT
In acute attacks prescribe colchicum, pushing the remedy to its full effect; morphine hypodermatically for pain; abundance of water, particularly lithia ......plication of alka line lotions, tincture iodine or oil peppermint. Indigestible and stimu lating food and alcoholic drinks must be prohibited. In Sub-acute and Chronic Gout, potassium iodide, arsenic and free use of lithia wa ter or of Effervescent Tablets Lithium Citrate, N., B. & Co., dis solved i...⁴

HEPATITIS
In Acute Hepatitis, employ the usual remedies for inflammation; aconite, calomel followed by seidlitz powder, potassium citrate, spirit nitrous ether; small blister over liver; Glyceroplasma; food must be simple and easily digested (or predigested). If abscess forms, evacuate by aspiration. - In the Chronic Hepatitis of hot climates, nitromuriatic acid in ternally and locally applied is the most approved remedy; potassium iodide, ammonium chloride.⁴

LARYNGITIS
General treatment the same as in acute bronchitis or coryza, As special remedies, inhalations of steam from water to which has been added compound tincture benzoin or Antiseptine or in later stages eucalyptol (a few drops) or menthol, or these latter may be mixed with albolene and used in spray. As local application, at first Glyceroplasma or Phenol Camphor (a few drops several times a day), later oil turpentine or tincture iodine as counter-irritant.⁴

MENINGITIS
In acute stage eontrol arterial excitement with veratrum or aconite, prescribing also calomel and opium for antiphlogistic and calmative effect. Apply cold to head and leeches to nape of neck. Later control nervous irritability with chloral and bromides and sustain strength by nourishing food with alcohol if indicated.⁴

NEPHRITIS, ACUTE
Prescribe at first aconite, calomel and sodium bicarbonate fol lowed by a saline cathartic; warm mucilaginous drinks, potassium citrate and Ze-an; Glyceroplasma over loins. If uremia is threaten ed, elaterium, Tonic Pilocarpine Compound, hot air baths to cause sweating. In later stages digitalis and squill, caffeine, compound spirit juniper, even cantharides in small doses.⁴

RHEUMATISM, ARTICULAR
Acute attacks call for aconite as a cardiac sedative with one of the following antiarthritic agents; salicylic acid (best in form of sodium, strontium......id or antipyrin (some prescribe phena cetin or salol). Acetanilid is best prescribedjn the form of Acetanilid Compound, Special (see p. 8). In the subacute stage, Potassium iodide is the leading remedy, potassium bicarbonate being an alter. native. Vegetable remedies of importance are black cohosh. ...⁴

References

1) Motteshard, Tammy D. "The Benefits Of The Use Of Garlic In Herbal Preparations: Chemical Constituents", www.herballegacy.com/Motteshard_Chemical.html.
2) "Citriodiol® Nature's Most Effective Insect Repellent", www.citrefine.com/citriodiol/.
3) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
4) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.

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Acute

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Home Remedies for Acute

Felter's Materia Medica on Acute

Physician's Materia Medica on Acute

Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on Acute

References