Urine
A urinalysis is a test of your urine. It is often done to check for a urinary tract infections, kidney problems, or diabetes. You may also have one during a checkup, if you are admitted to the hospital, before you have surgery, or if you are pregnant. It can also monitor some medical conditions and treatments.
A urinalysis involves checking the urine for:
- Its color
- Its appearance (whether it is clear or cloudy)
- Any odor
- The pH level (acidity)
- Whether there are substances that are not normally in urine, such as blood, too much protein, glucose, ketones, and bilirubin
- Whether there are cells, crystals, and casts (tube-shaped proteins)
- Whether it contains bacteria or other germs
Urine FDA Approved Drugs
MERCAPTOPURINE [MercaptopurineC5H4N4SH2O]
RX
- 50mg (oral tablet)
Dr Reddys Labs SaFeb 11, 2004
MylanJul 1, 2005
West-ward Pharms IntFeb 13, 2004
MylanJul 1, 2005
West-ward Pharms IntFeb 13, 2004
PURINETHOL [MercaptopurineC5H4N4SH2O]
RX
- 50mg (oral tablet)
Stason PharmsApproved Prior To Jan 1, 1982
WARNING: Consult a licensed physician in the appropriate field for medical treatment and drug prescription. Do not self medicate.
WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.
Felter's Materia Medica on Urine
ADONIS VERNALIS
The whole plant of Adonis vernalis, Linné. (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae). Southern Europe, Siberia, and Labrador. Dose, 1/2 to 3 grains. Common Name:... / ...lar heart action resulting from chronic nephritis. Wilcox used it in chronic albuminuria, with pale urine and delirium with good results and in uremic convulsions, which had been frequent, without a r... / ...is gastro-intestinal irritation or inflammation. 1
The whole plant of Adonis vernalis, Linné. (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae). Southern Europe, Siberia, and Labrador. Dose, 1/2 to 3 grains. Common Name:... / ...lar heart action resulting from chronic nephritis. Wilcox used it in chronic albuminuria, with pale urine and delirium with good results and in uremic convulsions, which had been frequent, without a r... / ...is gastro-intestinal irritation or inflammation. 1
AGARICUS (Amanita muscaria)
The fungus Amanita muscaria, Persoon; (Agaricus muscarius, Linné.) (Nat. Ord. Fungi.) An extremely poisonous fungus found in the pine forests of... / ...ting from debilitating diseases, and profuse sweating in the daytime; and to restrain the excess of urine in polyuria, or so-called diabetes insipidus. Scudder suggested a tincture of the fresh fungus... / ...by Eclectic practitioners. Muscarine is used in atropine and belladonna poisoning, sometimes being employed in place of eserine (physostigmine). 1
The fungus Amanita muscaria, Persoon; (Agaricus muscarius, Linné.) (Nat. Ord. Fungi.) An extremely poisonous fungus found in the pine forests of... / ...ting from debilitating diseases, and profuse sweating in the daytime; and to restrain the excess of urine in polyuria, or so-called diabetes insipidus. Scudder suggested a tincture of the fresh fungus... / ...by Eclectic practitioners. Muscarine is used in atropine and belladonna poisoning, sometimes being employed in place of eserine (physostigmine). 1
AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA
The whole plant of Agrimonia Eupatoria, Linné (Nat. Ord.... / ...dneys and hips to the umbilicus; atony or irritation of the urinary tract, with muddy, ill-smelling urine. Action and Therapy.A mild tonic and astringent, indicated as abovementioned, and of conside...... We have known it to give relief in abdominal pain due to faulty intestinal digestion. Dribbling of urine in old persons is said to be relieved by agrimony. 1
The whole plant of Agrimonia Eupatoria, Linné (Nat. Ord.... / ...dneys and hips to the umbilicus; atony or irritation of the urinary tract, with muddy, ill-smelling urine. Action and Therapy.A mild tonic and astringent, indicated as abovementioned, and of conside...... We have known it to give relief in abdominal pain due to faulty intestinal digestion. Dribbling of urine in old persons is said to be relieved by agrimony. 1
ALLIUM SATIVUM
The bulb of Allium sativum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). Sicily, Asia Minor, and Central Asia; cultivated also in the United States and Europe.... / ...plied with benefit in acute respiratory and abdominal inflammations. It sometimes excites a flow of urine in atony of the bladder, and in gastro-intestinal catarrh it is as efficient as the spice poul...1
The bulb of Allium sativum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). Sicily, Asia Minor, and Central Asia; cultivated also in the United States and Europe.... / ...plied with benefit in acute respiratory and abdominal inflammations. It sometimes excites a flow of urine in atony of the bladder, and in gastro-intestinal catarrh it is as efficient as the spice poul...1
AMYLUM
The fecula or starch of the seed of Zea Mays, Linné (Nat. Ord. Gramineae). (Formula: C6 H10 05). Common Name: Corn... / ...se to flatulence and gastric acidity. Under the same conditions it may cause sugar to appear in the urine. Therapy.External. A valued dusting powder for intertrigo, erysipelas and irritated skin, an... / ...Diluted starch paste may be used as a lenitive after other forms of irritant poisoning, and as a mucilage for the administration of medicines. 1
The fecula or starch of the seed of Zea Mays, Linné (Nat. Ord. Gramineae). (Formula: C6 H10 05). Common Name: Corn... / ...se to flatulence and gastric acidity. Under the same conditions it may cause sugar to appear in the urine. Therapy.External. A valued dusting powder for intertrigo, erysipelas and irritated skin, an... / ...Diluted starch paste may be used as a lenitive after other forms of irritant poisoning, and as a mucilage for the administration of medicines. 1
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM
The root of Apocynum cannabinum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Apocynaceae) gathered in autumn after the leaves and fruit have matured. Grows throughout the... / ...ad been recently swollen; feet full and edematous, pitting upon pressure; constipation, with edema; urine scanty and circulation sluggish; boggy, watery uterus; full relaxed uterus with watery dischar... / ...may be looked for. Under these circumstances we have removed enormous dropsical swellings with it, giving quick relief from dyspnea and1
The root of Apocynum cannabinum, Linné (Nat. Ord. Apocynaceae) gathered in autumn after the leaves and fruit have matured. Grows throughout the... / ...ad been recently swollen; feet full and edematous, pitting upon pressure; constipation, with edema; urine scanty and circulation sluggish; boggy, watery uterus; full relaxed uterus with watery dischar... / ...may be looked for. Under these circumstances we have removed enormous dropsical swellings with it, giving quick relief from dyspnea and1
ARNICA MONTANA
The dried flower-heads of Arnica montana, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). A perennial of Siberia and the cooler parts of Europe; also found in... / ...t, weak circulation, and impaired spinal innervation; embarrassed respiration; lack of control over urine and feces; sleeplessness from impeded respiration; and dull praecordial pain from heart stra...1
The dried flower-heads of Arnica montana, Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). A perennial of Siberia and the cooler parts of Europe; also found in... / ...t, weak circulation, and impaired spinal innervation; embarrassed respiration; lack of control over urine and feces; sleeplessness from impeded respiration; and dull praecordial pain from heart stra...1
ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA
The root of Asclepias tuberosa, Linné (Nat. Ord. Asclepiadaceae). United States and Canada. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common Names: Pleurisy Root,... / ...in acute, and seemingly dependent on motion (Scudder). Skin hot and dry, or inclined to moisture; urine scanty; face flushed; vascular excitement marked in the area supplied by the bronchial arterie...1
The root of Asclepias tuberosa, Linné (Nat. Ord. Asclepiadaceae). United States and Canada. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common Names: Pleurisy Root,... / ...in acute, and seemingly dependent on motion (Scudder). Skin hot and dry, or inclined to moisture; urine scanty; face flushed; vascular excitement marked in the area supplied by the bronchial arterie...1
BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM
A balsam obtained from Toluifera Pereirae (Royle) Baillon. San Salvador in Central America; called Balsam of Peru because first exported to Europe... / ...arrhea. Internally it causes increased circulation, some cutaneous warmth, and augments the flow of urine and the bronchial secretions. It is excreted by the respiratory mucosa, skin, and kidneys, upo... / ...balsam should not be used in inflammatory or febrile conditions; and its use should be discontinued if it produces gastro-intestinal irritation.1
A balsam obtained from Toluifera Pereirae (Royle) Baillon. San Salvador in Central America; called Balsam of Peru because first exported to Europe... / ...arrhea. Internally it causes increased circulation, some cutaneous warmth, and augments the flow of urine and the bronchial secretions. It is excreted by the respiratory mucosa, skin, and kidneys, upo... / ...balsam should not be used in inflammatory or febrile conditions; and its use should be discontinued if it produces gastro-intestinal irritation.1
BELLADONNA (Atropa belladonna)ATROP
The (1) dried root and the (2) dried leaves and tops of Atropa Belladonna, Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). Europe and Central Asia; also... / ...tient sleeps with eyes partially open; coma; urinal incontinence; free and large passages of limpid urine; fullness and deep aching in loins or back; spasm of the involuntary muscles. In 3x dilution t...1
The (1) dried root and the (2) dried leaves and tops of Atropa Belladonna, Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). Europe and Central Asia; also... / ...tient sleeps with eyes partially open; coma; urinal incontinence; free and large passages of limpid urine; fullness and deep aching in loins or back; spasm of the involuntary muscles. In 3x dilution t...1
BUCHU (Barosma)AGBE2
...reparation.Specific Medicine Barosma. Dose, 1 to 60 drops. Specific Indications.Abnormally acid urine, with constant desire to urinate with but little relief from micturition; vesico-renal irritat......or the purposes of renal depuration. Buchu disinfects the urinary tract, imparting its aroma to the urine, and is to be used only in chronic conditions when there is an excess of mucus, or muco-purule......s to be used only in chronic conditions when there is an excess of mucus, or muco-purulent and acid urine, with vesico-renal irritation. Acid and muddy urine, loaded with urinary salts, and continual ...1
...reparation.Specific Medicine Barosma. Dose, 1 to 60 drops. Specific Indications.Abnormally acid urine, with constant desire to urinate with but little relief from micturition; vesico-renal irritat......or the purposes of renal depuration. Buchu disinfects the urinary tract, imparting its aroma to the urine, and is to be used only in chronic conditions when there is an excess of mucus, or muco-purule......s to be used only in chronic conditions when there is an excess of mucus, or muco-purulent and acid urine, with vesico-renal irritation. Acid and muddy urine, loaded with urinary salts, and continual ...1
CAFFEA
The seeds of Caffea arabica, Linné (Nat. Ord. Rubiaceae). Native of Arabia-Felix and Ethiopia; and extensively cultivated in Asia and America... / ...e auricle and the ventricle. Caffeine increases the output of both the solids and the fluids of the urine, by dilating the renal bloodvessels and by direct action upon the renal epithelia. The tissuew... / ...preferably without sugar or cream; for use in narcotic poisoning very strong, black coffee may be given freely, both by mouth and per rectum.1
The seeds of Caffea arabica, Linné (Nat. Ord. Rubiaceae). Native of Arabia-Felix and Ethiopia; and extensively cultivated in Asia and America... / ...e auricle and the ventricle. Caffeine increases the output of both the solids and the fluids of the urine, by dilating the renal bloodvessels and by direct action upon the renal epithelia. The tissuew... / ...preferably without sugar or cream; for use in narcotic poisoning very strong, black coffee may be given freely, both by mouth and per rectum.1
CAMPHORA
A stearopten (having the nature of a ketone) derived from Cinnamomum Camphora. (Linné), Nees et Ebermeier (Nat. Ord. Lauraceae). China and... / ...d, both from application and inhalation. It is largely changed in the body and is eliminated in the urine as campho-glycuronic acid. In moderate doses camphor directly stimulates the heart-muscle, cau... / ...due to gaseous distention of the stomach, or to nervous irritability. In occipital headache, from mental strain, or overstudy, small doses of 1
A stearopten (having the nature of a ketone) derived from Cinnamomum Camphora. (Linné), Nees et Ebermeier (Nat. Ord. Lauraceae). China and... / ...d, both from application and inhalation. It is largely changed in the body and is eliminated in the urine as campho-glycuronic acid. In moderate doses camphor directly stimulates the heart-muscle, cau... / ...due to gaseous distention of the stomach, or to nervous irritability. In occipital headache, from mental strain, or overstudy, small doses of 1
CANNABIS
...e genito-urinary tract; burning, frequent micturition; painful micturition, with tenesmus; scalding urine; ardor urinae; wakefulness in fevers; insomnia, with brief periods of sleep, disturbed by unpl......ium, and it does not, like the latter, restrain the secretions nor produce itching. If anything the urine is increased by cannabis and constipation does not occur. The keynote indication for cannabis ...1
...e genito-urinary tract; burning, frequent micturition; painful micturition, with tenesmus; scalding urine; ardor urinae; wakefulness in fevers; insomnia, with brief periods of sleep, disturbed by unpl......ium, and it does not, like the latter, restrain the secretions nor produce itching. If anything the urine is increased by cannabis and constipation does not occur. The keynote indication for cannabis ...1
CANTHARIS
...ions.Vesical irritation; paresis of the vesical sphincter; dribbling and involuntary expulsion of urine; teasing desire to urinate, accompanied with tenesmus. Action and Toxicology.Applied to the ......ne; or by absorption to cause strangury and acute nephritis. Small doses stimulate the excretion of urine; large doses are destructively irritant. The earliest symptom from moderate doses is irritatio......ith strangury and burning pain. If continued, or the dose is large, blood and albumen appear in the urine. Large doses produce all the intense agonies of a violently destructive gastro-enteritis and a...1
...ions.Vesical irritation; paresis of the vesical sphincter; dribbling and involuntary expulsion of urine; teasing desire to urinate, accompanied with tenesmus. Action and Toxicology.Applied to the ......ne; or by absorption to cause strangury and acute nephritis. Small doses stimulate the excretion of urine; large doses are destructively irritant. The earliest symptom from moderate doses is irritatio......ith strangury and burning pain. If continued, or the dose is large, blood and albumen appear in the urine. Large doses produce all the intense agonies of a violently destructive gastro-enteritis and a...1
WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.
Physician's Materia Medica on Urine
ACID BENZOIC
Antiseptic; a stimulant expectorant; renders the urine acid, hence useful in chronic cystitis; said to be as efficient in rheumatism as Salicylic Acid. Used internally in chronic bronchitis and in later stages of gonorrhea. A constituent of Paregoric, q. v. Dose, as an expectorant 0.015 to 0.030 Grm. (% to % gr.), as an antilithic, 0.6 to 1.3 Grm. (10 to 20 grs.). Sodium or Lithium Benzoates are commonly used in urinary af fections in preference to the free acid. Sodium Benzoate is a solvent for2
Antiseptic; a stimulant expectorant; renders the urine acid, hence useful in chronic cystitis; said to be as efficient in rheumatism as Salicylic Acid. Used internally in chronic bronchitis and in later stages of gonorrhea. A constituent of Paregoric, q. v. Dose, as an expectorant 0.015 to 0.030 Grm. (% to % gr.), as an antilithic, 0.6 to 1.3 Grm. (10 to 20 grs.). Sodium or Lithium Benzoates are commonly used in urinary af fections in preference to the free acid. Sodium Benzoate is a solvent for2
ACID BORIC (Boracic Acid)
Antiseptic, yet non-irritant and not poisonous. Used largely in powder or glycerite as antiseptic dressing for wounds and ulcers; solutions are employed as collyria and for local use in nasal catarrh, ozena, cystitis, gonorrhea and various cutaneous diseases. Internal ly it is prescribed to render the urine acid in cystitis and as a remedy in fermentative dyspepsia. Dose, 0.3 to 1.0 Grm. (5 to 15 grs.).2
Antiseptic, yet non-irritant and not poisonous. Used largely in powder or glycerite as antiseptic dressing for wounds and ulcers; solutions are employed as collyria and for local use in nasal catarrh, ozena, cystitis, gonorrhea and various cutaneous diseases. Internal ly it is prescribed to render the urine acid in cystitis and as a remedy in fermentative dyspepsia. Dose, 0.3 to 1.0 Grm. (5 to 15 grs.).2
BELLADONNAATROP
The leaves, also the root of ATROPA BELLADONNA, Lin. My driatic, a deliriant narcotic, analgesic, antispasmodic. Suppresses secretion of skin and mucous membranes; antagonistic to Morphine. Externally applied to relieve pain, to restrain secretion of milk and for its effect on the eye. Internally used in night sweats and incon tinence of urine, in febrile conditions, as an adjuvant with laxatives, etc. Dose, 0.03 to 0.13 Grm. (% to 2 grs. )or more. [The derivative alkaloids of Belladonnl-1, Atro2
The leaves, also the root of ATROPA BELLADONNA, Lin. My driatic, a deliriant narcotic, analgesic, antispasmodic. Suppresses secretion of skin and mucous membranes; antagonistic to Morphine. Externally applied to relieve pain, to restrain secretion of milk and for its effect on the eye. Internally used in night sweats and incon tinence of urine, in febrile conditions, as an adjuvant with laxatives, etc. Dose, 0.03 to 0.13 Grm. (% to 2 grs. )or more. [The derivative alkaloids of Belladonnl-1, Atro2
RHUS AROMATICA (Fragrant Sumac)
The bark of the root of RHUS AROMATICA, Ait. Astringent. stimulant to non-striated muscular tissue. Used especially in nocturnal incontinence of urine.2
The bark of the root of RHUS AROMATICA, Ait. Astringent. stimulant to non-striated muscular tissue. Used especially in nocturnal incontinence of urine.2
SODIUM BORATE (Borax)
Sodium Borate like Boric Acid, q. v. is antiseptic, but owing to its alkalinity has also a soothing effect on irritated surfaces. It is a valuable remedy in lithiasis, rendering the urine alkaline. It is used with bcnciit internally in epilepsy, but is chiefly employed for its local action in gargles for the throat, collyria for the eyes and in lotions for relief of itching. Dose, 0.3 to 1.0 Grm. (5 to 15 grs.), or more.2
Sodium Borate like Boric Acid, q. v. is antiseptic, but owing to its alkalinity has also a soothing effect on irritated surfaces. It is a valuable remedy in lithiasis, rendering the urine alkaline. It is used with bcnciit internally in epilepsy, but is chiefly employed for its local action in gargles for the throat, collyria for the eyes and in lotions for relief of itching. Dose, 0.3 to 1.0 Grm. (5 to 15 grs.), or more.2
UROTROPIN (Formin)
Derivative from formaldehyd. Urinary Antiseptic and uric acid solvent; renders the urine acid. Useful in cystitis, especially when urine is ammoniacal, also in gout and in typhoid fever. Dose, 0.2 to 0.5 Grm. (3 to 7 grs.) two or three times a day.2
Derivative from formaldehyd. Urinary Antiseptic and uric acid solvent; renders the urine acid. Useful in cystitis, especially when urine is ammoniacal, also in gout and in typhoid fever. Dose, 0.2 to 0.5 Grm. (3 to 7 grs.) two or three times a day.2
UVA URSI (Bearberry)
The leaves of ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA URSI (L.) Spreng. As tringent diuretic, having an alterative influence over the genito urinary apparatus, antilithic. Much prescribed in chronic pyelitis and cystitis, incontinence of urine, gleet, etc. The active constituent, Arbutin, is sometimes prescribed in a dose of 0.2 to 0.3 Grm. (3 to 5 grs.).2
The leaves of ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA URSI (L.) Spreng. As tringent diuretic, having an alterative influence over the genito urinary apparatus, antilithic. Much prescribed in chronic pyelitis and cystitis, incontinence of urine, gleet, etc. The active constituent, Arbutin, is sometimes prescribed in a dose of 0.2 to 0.3 Grm. (3 to 5 grs.).2
WARNING: All medicines, drugs, plants, chemicals or medicial precedures below are for historical reference only. Many of these treatments are now known to be harmful and possibly fatal. Do not consume any plant, chemical, drug or otherwise without first consulting a licensed physician that practices medine in the appropriate field.
Physician's Therapeutics Memoranda on Urine
CYSTITIS
...f belladonna or extract opium, hot sitz bath, Glyceroplasma over bladder. Avoid highly seasoned foods and remedies which may irritate the bladder. If urine becomes purulent, salol is useful. In Subacute Cystitis, Ze-an (which is also ad misible even in acute attacks as a lenitive diuretic), buchu, u......diuretic), buchu, uva ursi, Elixir Saw Palmetto and Sandalwood. In Chronic Cystitis, salol as an antiseptic; potas sium bicarbonate (or citrate) when urine is excessively acid; ben zoic acid, boric acid or urotropin when it is alkaline; irrigation of the bladder with mercuric chloride, 1;10,000 or s...2
...f belladonna or extract opium, hot sitz bath, Glyceroplasma over bladder. Avoid highly seasoned foods and remedies which may irritate the bladder. If urine becomes purulent, salol is useful. In Subacute Cystitis, Ze-an (which is also ad misible even in acute attacks as a lenitive diuretic), buchu, u......diuretic), buchu, uva ursi, Elixir Saw Palmetto and Sandalwood. In Chronic Cystitis, salol as an antiseptic; potas sium bicarbonate (or citrate) when urine is excessively acid; ben zoic acid, boric acid or urotropin when it is alkaline; irrigation of the bladder with mercuric chloride, 1;10,000 or s...2
INCONTINENCE OF URINE
In the nocturnal incontinence of children, remove first any source of reflex irritation, such as worms or long prepuce or excessive acidity or alkalinity of urine. Belladonna, nux vomica, ergot, rhus aroma tica, tincture ferric chloride are among the remedies found service able. Nervous incontinence in adults is best treated with can tharides (one drop of the tincture three times a day) combined with lithiated Ze-an.2
In the nocturnal incontinence of children, remove first any source of reflex irritation, such as worms or long prepuce or excessive acidity or alkalinity of urine. Belladonna, nux vomica, ergot, rhus aroma tica, tincture ferric chloride are among the remedies found service able. Nervous incontinence in adults is best treated with can tharides (one drop of the tincture three times a day) combined with lithiated Ze-an.2
References
1) Felter, Harvey Wickes, 1922, The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Cincinnati, Ohio.
2) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.
2) Nelson, Baker & Co., 1904, Physician's Handy Book of Materia Medica and Therapeustics, Detroit, Michigan.